Most downloaded articles
2011, 20(6):902-909.
Abstract:
Geographic information system (GIS), as a powerful spatiotemporal analysis tool, has been applied to marine fisheries since the late 1980s, and which is widely used in the fields of data processing and analysis of fishery conditions, relationship between fishery resources and environment, aquaculture selection, fishery resources assessment, tagging, marine ecosystem and fishing ground forecasting. But GIS in the marine fisheries still faces with great challenges. The information of fishery resources includes not only fishery data and environmental data, but also socialeconomic data which are closely related with fishermen. That is, in the future GIS in marine fishery should be a set of natural resources and environment systems, human systems, social systems and economic systems. Fisheries management and sustainability based marine ecosystem has been a common concern of community and international organizations, and GIS has greater advantages than traditional methods and will further enhances fishery decisionmaking. The applications of GIS in fisheries will focus on: （1） the establishment of the database and data standardization; （2） the design of key essential fish habitat; （3） the definition of marine protected areas; （4） longterm monitoring and management of resources; （5） distribution and migratory of fish specis and 3D analysis of marine environment. Finally, the establishment of GISbased framework for ocean fisheries information system in our country is proposed.
Geographic information system (GIS), as a powerful spatiotemporal analysis tool, has been applied to marine fisheries since the late 1980s, and which is widely used in the fields of data processing and analysis of fishery conditions, relationship between fishery resources and environment, aquaculture selection, fishery resources assessment, tagging, marine ecosystem and fishing ground forecasting. But GIS in the marine fisheries still faces with great challenges. The information of fishery resources includes not only fishery data and environmental data, but also socialeconomic data which are closely related with fishermen. That is, in the future GIS in marine fishery should be a set of natural resources and environment systems, human systems, social systems and economic systems. Fisheries management and sustainability based marine ecosystem has been a common concern of community and international organizations, and GIS has greater advantages than traditional methods and will further enhances fishery decisionmaking. The applications of GIS in fisheries will focus on: （1） the establishment of the database and data standardization; （2） the design of key essential fish habitat; （3） the definition of marine protected areas; （4） longterm monitoring and management of resources; （5） distribution and migratory of fish specis and 3D analysis of marine environment. Finally, the establishment of GISbased framework for ocean fisheries information system in our country is proposed.
2011, 20(2):296-302.
Abstract:
Chitosanase (EC3.2.1.132) catalyses the hydrolysis of the β-1,4 glycosidic bonds in chitosan to produce physiologically active chitooligosaccharides, polyglucosamines with 2 to 10 degrees of polymerization. It has been found in many microorganisms including bacteria and fungi. 51 chitosanaseproducing strains were screened and isolated from 11 soilsamples rich in shrimp and crab shells by transparent circles in the culture media containing chitosan as sole carbon source. After screening of flatpanel, flaskshaking cultivation and enzyme kinetics in fermentation, a strain (H2) with higher chitosanlytic activity was acquired. According to its morphological, cultural, biochemical and physiological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA, the strain was identified and named as Streptomyces roseolus DH. Further studies of fermentation conditions showed that the optimum temperature and initial pH of medium were 30 ℃ and 7.2, respectively. Moreover, the colloid chitosan (1.0%) and peptone (0.5%) were chosen as the best carbon and nitrogen sources among the tested ones. Under these conditions, the activity of chitosanase in media reached 6.10±0.12 U/mL after 60hour fermentation. This strain with higher yield of chitosanase and shorter fermentation period displayed good potential for future applications.
Chitosanase (EC3.2.1.132) catalyses the hydrolysis of the β-1,4 glycosidic bonds in chitosan to produce physiologically active chitooligosaccharides, polyglucosamines with 2 to 10 degrees of polymerization. It has been found in many microorganisms including bacteria and fungi. 51 chitosanaseproducing strains were screened and isolated from 11 soilsamples rich in shrimp and crab shells by transparent circles in the culture media containing chitosan as sole carbon source. After screening of flatpanel, flaskshaking cultivation and enzyme kinetics in fermentation, a strain (H2) with higher chitosanlytic activity was acquired. According to its morphological, cultural, biochemical and physiological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA, the strain was identified and named as Streptomyces roseolus DH. Further studies of fermentation conditions showed that the optimum temperature and initial pH of medium were 30 ℃ and 7.2, respectively. Moreover, the colloid chitosan (1.0%) and peptone (0.5%) were chosen as the best carbon and nitrogen sources among the tested ones. Under these conditions, the activity of chitosanase in media reached 6.10±0.12 U/mL after 60hour fermentation. This strain with higher yield of chitosanase and shorter fermentation period displayed good potential for future applications.
2000(1):51-58.
Abstract:
叶绿体遗传学的研究最早可追溯到上世纪末，Ｓｔｒａｓｂｕｒｇｅｒ最早观察到藻类叶绿体能够分裂，并在细胞分裂过程中完成了分裂的叶绿体分别进入子代细胞。同时其他研究者也认为，叶绿体是已经存在的质体分裂形成的。随后，Ｂａｕｒ和Ｃｏｒｒｎｅ认为紫茉莉枝条三种不同颜色的花斑性状是由母本细胞质传递的，与核基因没有直接关系，从而产生了叶绿体自主性遗传概念［１］。现已逐步知道植物细胞的核基因组和叶绿体基因组之间存在复杂相互作用关系，叶绿体遗传应属于半自主系统（ Ｓｅｍｉａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）。在应用电…
叶绿体遗传学的研究最早可追溯到上世纪末，Ｓｔｒａｓｂｕｒｇｅｒ最早观察到藻类叶绿体能够分裂，并在细胞分裂过程中完成了分裂的叶绿体分别进入子代细胞。同时其他研究者也认为，叶绿体是已经存在的质体分裂形成的。随后，Ｂａｕｒ和Ｃｏｒｒｎｅ认为紫茉莉枝条三种不同颜色的花斑性状是由母本细胞质传递的，与核基因没有直接关系，从而产生了叶绿体自主性遗传概念［１］。现已逐步知道植物细胞的核基因组和叶绿体基因组之间存在复杂相互作用关系，叶绿体遗传应属于半自主系统（ Ｓｅｍｉａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）。在应用电…
2016, 25(5):726-734.
DOI: 10.12024/jsou.20151201627
Abstract:
To study the influence of three common water plants decomposition on water quality in crab eco-culture pond, a 60-day interior simulation experiment was carried out in barrels. The results indicated that decomposition rates of three kinds of plants have the same characteristics, it was rapid in the early but slow in the middle and later periods. But they were different, the decomposition rate of Hydrilla verticillata and Elodea nuttallii were approximated and faster than Ceratophyllum demersum. At the end of experiment, the mass loss rate of Hydrilla verticillata, Elodea nuttalliiare and Ceratophyllum demersum were 72.3%±2.1%,71.7%±1.5% and 58.3%±0.6% . Water quality factors changed obviously in the early of decomposition and water was from neutral to acid. COD increased by about 4.5 times than start in the water of three kinds of water plants and the water was yellow and smelly. DO was greatly consumed, the water was in a hypoxic or anaerobic environment. Denitrification was promoted, so NO3--N decreased rapidly but NO2--N and NH4+-N increased rapidly, which NH4+-N was six times than initial concentration. TN and TP increased significantly and TP was the biggest change in all the water factors. The TP increased about 123,124 and 66 times in the water of Hydrilla verticillata、Elodea nuttallii and Ceratophyllum demersum on the third day. Along with the experiment, part of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water deposited into the sediment. So, the large biomass residues of submerged plants should be controlled avoid secondary pollution caused by excessive decomposition of submerged plants.
To study the influence of three common water plants decomposition on water quality in crab eco-culture pond, a 60-day interior simulation experiment was carried out in barrels. The results indicated that decomposition rates of three kinds of plants have the same characteristics, it was rapid in the early but slow in the middle and later periods. But they were different, the decomposition rate of Hydrilla verticillata and Elodea nuttallii were approximated and faster than Ceratophyllum demersum. At the end of experiment, the mass loss rate of Hydrilla verticillata, Elodea nuttalliiare and Ceratophyllum demersum were 72.3%±2.1%,71.7%±1.5% and 58.3%±0.6% . Water quality factors changed obviously in the early of decomposition and water was from neutral to acid. COD increased by about 4.5 times than start in the water of three kinds of water plants and the water was yellow and smelly. DO was greatly consumed, the water was in a hypoxic or anaerobic environment. Denitrification was promoted, so NO3--N decreased rapidly but NO2--N and NH4+-N increased rapidly, which NH4+-N was six times than initial concentration. TN and TP increased significantly and TP was the biggest change in all the water factors. The TP increased about 123,124 and 66 times in the water of Hydrilla verticillata、Elodea nuttallii and Ceratophyllum demersum on the third day. Along with the experiment, part of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water deposited into the sediment. So, the large biomass residues of submerged plants should be controlled avoid secondary pollution caused by excessive decomposition of submerged plants.
2004(1):75-77.
Abstract:
近年来，每年的5月-6月，浙江沿海对虾和梭子蟹养殖的池塘中，经常会出现大量芽口枝管水母(Proboscidatyla ornata Mccrady)等海洋水母类生物。水母类生物捕食池塘中的浮游生物，破坏了池塘微生态环境和养殖生物的饵料结构；同时水母也捕食虾、蟹幼苗，造成养殖品种单位水体的密度下降；而且其分泌的有害毒素更危及养殖品种的生长，严重时将造成养殖生产的失败。2002-2003年试验组筛选出茶籽饼作为杀灭水母的药物，经试验和生产性应用，低浓度茶籽饼浸出液12h内能有效地杀灭水母，而且对甲壳类等养殖生物无明显影响。同时在浙江省岱山县栲门围塘养殖基地大面积发生水母的池塘中进行了推广应用，取得了明显的效果。该方法、为国内首创。现将试验结果报告如下。
近年来，每年的5月-6月，浙江沿海对虾和梭子蟹养殖的池塘中，经常会出现大量芽口枝管水母(Proboscidatyla ornata Mccrady)等海洋水母类生物。水母类生物捕食池塘中的浮游生物，破坏了池塘微生态环境和养殖生物的饵料结构；同时水母也捕食虾、蟹幼苗，造成养殖品种单位水体的密度下降；而且其分泌的有害毒素更危及养殖品种的生长，严重时将造成养殖生产的失败。2002-2003年试验组筛选出茶籽饼作为杀灭水母的药物，经试验和生产性应用，低浓度茶籽饼浸出液12h内能有效地杀灭水母，而且对甲壳类等养殖生物无明显影响。同时在浙江省岱山县栲门围塘养殖基地大面积发生水母的池塘中进行了推广应用，取得了明显的效果。该方法、为国内首创。现将试验结果报告如下。
2017, 26(6):828-835.
DOI: 10.12024/jsou.20150501459
Abstract:
Most of the fish are ectotherms which live in the water for the whole life, so temperature is the important abiotic factor which can influence the growth and development of fish. When temperature changing, fish won't reduce the environment stress by using behavioral thermoregulation like endure, boycott or preference rather than adaptable genovariation. The review summarize the recent study on fish behavioral thermoregulation, comparing their behavioral change of habitat selection, swimming, feeding and breeding migration of different species, allogeneic age and the same kind and age fishes. And also analyze the possible internal mechanism which can course the difference, as well as the research progress of the Heat Shock Protein (HSPs) and epigenetics effect on survival. The article expound the behavior of thermoregulation is a complex and comprehensive selection behavior based on external environmental conditions and their physiological needs to maximize the advantage of thermoregulation. In order to further understand the effect of global climate change on fish, the further on research of fish thermoregulation behavior and its mechanism are needed.
Most of the fish are ectotherms which live in the water for the whole life, so temperature is the important abiotic factor which can influence the growth and development of fish. When temperature changing, fish won't reduce the environment stress by using behavioral thermoregulation like endure, boycott or preference rather than adaptable genovariation. The review summarize the recent study on fish behavioral thermoregulation, comparing their behavioral change of habitat selection, swimming, feeding and breeding migration of different species, allogeneic age and the same kind and age fishes. And also analyze the possible internal mechanism which can course the difference, as well as the research progress of the Heat Shock Protein (HSPs) and epigenetics effect on survival. The article expound the behavior of thermoregulation is a complex and comprehensive selection behavior based on external environmental conditions and their physiological needs to maximize the advantage of thermoregulation. In order to further understand the effect of global climate change on fish, the further on research of fish thermoregulation behavior and its mechanism are needed.
2017, 26(4):490-500.
DOI: 10.12024/jsou.20161101909
Abstract:
This study tries to gradually reduce the addition of carbon source to zero,and to explore the effect of domesticating nitrifying bio-flocs on water quality,bacterial community dynamics of bio-floc and the growth performance of shrimp in high-intensive culture system. Experiment was carried out in three runway aquaculture systems at stocking density of 685 shrimp/m3.Water quality results showed that daily addition of glucose at 100%-150% of feed,which can decrease the concentration of TAN,but the concentration of NO2--N was not decreased obviously.When the addition of glucose dropped to zero,TAN can be maintained at lower level,and the NO2--N concentration decreased significantly.The bacterial community structure was analyzed by using high throughput sequencing technology.At the phylum level,experiment results showed that both the main advantage microflora of heterotrophic bioflocs and nitrifying bioflocs are Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes.At the class level,dominant microflora of heterotrophic biofloc is Alphaproteobacteria,and dominant microflora of nitrifying bioflocs are Alphaproteobacteria,Flavobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria.After 65 d,study found that without adding carbon source,nitrifying bio-flocs can limit the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria,nitrospira was rising,and developing into dominant bacteria.At the end of the experiment, glucose which is 41.03%±7.86% of feed was added throughout the culture period.The survival rate and harvest of Litopenaeus vannamei respectively were 43.35%±7.57% and (3.03±0.59) kg/m3.The domestication of nitrifying bio-flocs not only saved cost, but also effectively optimized the structure of bacterial communities, and contributed to better water environment which results in the higher growth and survival of shrimp.
This study tries to gradually reduce the addition of carbon source to zero,and to explore the effect of domesticating nitrifying bio-flocs on water quality,bacterial community dynamics of bio-floc and the growth performance of shrimp in high-intensive culture system. Experiment was carried out in three runway aquaculture systems at stocking density of 685 shrimp/m3.Water quality results showed that daily addition of glucose at 100%-150% of feed,which can decrease the concentration of TAN,but the concentration of NO2--N was not decreased obviously.When the addition of glucose dropped to zero,TAN can be maintained at lower level,and the NO2--N concentration decreased significantly.The bacterial community structure was analyzed by using high throughput sequencing technology.At the phylum level,experiment results showed that both the main advantage microflora of heterotrophic bioflocs and nitrifying bioflocs are Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes.At the class level,dominant microflora of heterotrophic biofloc is Alphaproteobacteria,and dominant microflora of nitrifying bioflocs are Alphaproteobacteria,Flavobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria.After 65 d,study found that without adding carbon source,nitrifying bio-flocs can limit the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria,nitrospira was rising,and developing into dominant bacteria.At the end of the experiment, glucose which is 41.03%±7.86% of feed was added throughout the culture period.The survival rate and harvest of Litopenaeus vannamei respectively were 43.35%±7.57% and (3.03±0.59) kg/m3.The domestication of nitrifying bio-flocs not only saved cost, but also effectively optimized the structure of bacterial communities, and contributed to better water environment which results in the higher growth and survival of shrimp.
2017, 26(1):8-16.
DOI: 10.12024/jsou.20160401724
Abstract:
Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers coupled with the next-generation sequencing technology are powerful tools for studying population genetics, as well as for species delimitation. The popular ways of obtaining SNP data include RNA sequencing and restriction site associated DNA(RAD) sequencing. However, both methods have limitations. For example, RNA sequencing requires fresh tissue samples, whereas RAD sequencing targets anonymous loci usually not transferable across species. In comparison with these methods, target gene capture could be used to enrich homologous fragments across divergent species and even from degraded DNA. We showed that by targeting a set of universal single-copy nuclear gene markers of vertebrates, we could retrieve thousands of SNPs from the Japanese grenadier anchovy(Coilia nasus) sampled from three locations:coastal region close to the estuary of the Yangtze River, the mainstream of the river and Lake Dongting, a lake connected to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. We analyzed hundreds of representative SNPs from the data using STRUCTURE and Bayes factor delimitation(*with genomic data; BFD*), a new Bayesian species delimitation tool. We found that the fish from Lake Dongting are genetically different from the fish of other sample locations. We also observed marginal difference between fish collected from the coastal region and the mainstream of the Yangtze River(Bayes factor=11.3). Our study demonstrated that gene capture could be used to generate SNP data for species delimitation applying new analytic tools such as BFD*.
Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers coupled with the next-generation sequencing technology are powerful tools for studying population genetics, as well as for species delimitation. The popular ways of obtaining SNP data include RNA sequencing and restriction site associated DNA(RAD) sequencing. However, both methods have limitations. For example, RNA sequencing requires fresh tissue samples, whereas RAD sequencing targets anonymous loci usually not transferable across species. In comparison with these methods, target gene capture could be used to enrich homologous fragments across divergent species and even from degraded DNA. We showed that by targeting a set of universal single-copy nuclear gene markers of vertebrates, we could retrieve thousands of SNPs from the Japanese grenadier anchovy(Coilia nasus) sampled from three locations:coastal region close to the estuary of the Yangtze River, the mainstream of the river and Lake Dongting, a lake connected to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. We analyzed hundreds of representative SNPs from the data using STRUCTURE and Bayes factor delimitation(*with genomic data; BFD*), a new Bayesian species delimitation tool. We found that the fish from Lake Dongting are genetically different from the fish of other sample locations. We also observed marginal difference between fish collected from the coastal region and the mainstream of the Yangtze River(Bayes factor=11.3). Our study demonstrated that gene capture could be used to generate SNP data for species delimitation applying new analytic tools such as BFD*.
2015, 24(4):560-569.
Abstract:
The article explained that inhibitory components from Myriophyllum spicatum with the ultrasonic-cellulase method and water extraction method caused inhibition of M.aeruginosa. Based on one-way and orthogonal test, and regarding growth inhibition rate of extraction on M. aeruginosa as index of evaluation, an optimal extraction process of Myriophyllum spicatum was obtained as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis time was 4 h, pH was 3.0, optimal temperature was 30 ℃, cellulase dosage(mass of cellulase to Myriophyllum spicatum powder) was 21%, ultrasonic power was 120 W and ultrasonic time was 1h. The inhibition rate of extraction obtained with water extraction method and ultrasonic-cellulase method indicated that the latter showed better effect and had obvious difference with the water extraction (P<0.05). With the increasing of reaction time, the growth inhibition rate of the ultrasonic-cellulase extraction on M. aeruginosa continued to decrease, which was 271.74% at concentration of 40 g/L and reaction time for 24 h and the inhibition rate was more than 20% by the reaction time for 13d with the obvious difference with the other concentration groups (P<0.05).
The article explained that inhibitory components from Myriophyllum spicatum with the ultrasonic-cellulase method and water extraction method caused inhibition of M.aeruginosa. Based on one-way and orthogonal test, and regarding growth inhibition rate of extraction on M. aeruginosa as index of evaluation, an optimal extraction process of Myriophyllum spicatum was obtained as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis time was 4 h, pH was 3.0, optimal temperature was 30 ℃, cellulase dosage(mass of cellulase to Myriophyllum spicatum powder) was 21%, ultrasonic power was 120 W and ultrasonic time was 1h. The inhibition rate of extraction obtained with water extraction method and ultrasonic-cellulase method indicated that the latter showed better effect and had obvious difference with the water extraction (P<0.05). With the increasing of reaction time, the growth inhibition rate of the ultrasonic-cellulase extraction on M. aeruginosa continued to decrease, which was 271.74% at concentration of 40 g/L and reaction time for 24 h and the inhibition rate was more than 20% by the reaction time for 13d with the obvious difference with the other concentration groups (P<0.05).
10 The variations of digestive enzyme activities during the development of Oplegnathus fasciatus larvae
YIN Yan-qiang
,
FU Rong-bing
,
HUANG Xu-xiong
,
WEN Wen
,
SHI Zhao-hong
,
LUO Hai-zhong
,
YAN Jia-qi
2011, 20(1):56-62.
Abstract:
This paper investigated the trypsinase, acid protease, amylase and lipase activities of the Oplegnathus fasciatus larvae cultured in indoor pond from hatching to post hatching day (phd) 33rd. The results indicated that trypsinase, acid protease, amylase and lipase could be detected in newly hatched larvae, although the activities of trypsinase, acid protease and amylase were very low. The total activity of trypsinase (U/larva) of the larvae increased significantly on phd 9th and increased gradually with the development. The total activities of acid prolease and lipase of the larvae increased significantly on phd 28th. The total activities of acid prolease and lipase of the larvae on phd 33rd were significant higher than those on phd 28th respectively. The total activity of amylase of the larvae increased significantly on phd 9th and also increased gradually with the development. While the larvae developed at juvenile stage (>phd 22nd), the total activity of amylase decreased significantly with the development. It is suggested that the activities of digestive enzyme of the Oplegnathus fasciatus larvae closely correspond to the development stage and feeding habit. The trypsinase and amylase were the very important endogenous enzymes at the early stage of the larva development.
This paper investigated the trypsinase, acid protease, amylase and lipase activities of the Oplegnathus fasciatus larvae cultured in indoor pond from hatching to post hatching day (phd) 33rd. The results indicated that trypsinase, acid protease, amylase and lipase could be detected in newly hatched larvae, although the activities of trypsinase, acid protease and amylase were very low. The total activity of trypsinase (U/larva) of the larvae increased significantly on phd 9th and increased gradually with the development. The total activities of acid prolease and lipase of the larvae increased significantly on phd 28th. The total activities of acid prolease and lipase of the larvae on phd 33rd were significant higher than those on phd 28th respectively. The total activity of amylase of the larvae increased significantly on phd 9th and also increased gradually with the development. While the larvae developed at juvenile stage (>phd 22nd), the total activity of amylase decreased significantly with the development. It is suggested that the activities of digestive enzyme of the Oplegnathus fasciatus larvae closely correspond to the development stage and feeding habit. The trypsinase and amylase were the very important endogenous enzymes at the early stage of the larva development.
2011, 20(1):44-49.
Abstract:
The complete cDNA (GenBank accession number DQ678929) and its corresponding gene (EF468349) of chitin deacetylase CDA2 from Mucor racemosus mycelium had been cloned by rapid amplification cDNA end (RACE) with specific degenerate primers. In contrast to previously obtained gene cda1, cda2 contained no intron sequence. It consisted of 1 378 bp nucleotides, comprising 23-bp 5’ untranslated region (UTR), 1 254bp open reading frame (ORF) and 101-bp 3’ UTR. The ORF encoded 418 amino acid (a.a.) residues including a 21 a.a. N-terminal signal peptide and a conserved polysaccharide deacetylase domain were located in an area of 150-272 a.a. residues. The results from subsequent construction of expressional vector pET28a-cda2 and prokaryotic expression revealed that molecular weight of recombinant protein CDA2 was about 46 ku and it was mainly found in inclusion bodies. The purified CDA2 showed chitin deacetylating activities. This work is necessary for further structural and functional exploration in chitin deacetylase CDA2 from M. racemosus.
The complete cDNA (GenBank accession number DQ678929) and its corresponding gene (EF468349) of chitin deacetylase CDA2 from Mucor racemosus mycelium had been cloned by rapid amplification cDNA end (RACE) with specific degenerate primers. In contrast to previously obtained gene cda1, cda2 contained no intron sequence. It consisted of 1 378 bp nucleotides, comprising 23-bp 5’ untranslated region (UTR), 1 254bp open reading frame (ORF) and 101-bp 3’ UTR. The ORF encoded 418 amino acid (a.a.) residues including a 21 a.a. N-terminal signal peptide and a conserved polysaccharide deacetylase domain were located in an area of 150-272 a.a. residues. The results from subsequent construction of expressional vector pET28a-cda2 and prokaryotic expression revealed that molecular weight of recombinant protein CDA2 was about 46 ku and it was mainly found in inclusion bodies. The purified CDA2 showed chitin deacetylating activities. This work is necessary for further structural and functional exploration in chitin deacetylase CDA2 from M. racemosus.
2011, 20(1):71-75.
Abstract:
Ultrastructure of spermatozoa of E. septemfasciatus was investigated using transmission electron microscopes. The spermatozoa consists of two parts: the head and the tail (flagellum), no midpiece. The spermatozoa of E. septemfasciatus has no acrosome. A large spherical nucleus, covered with nuclear membrane, is located at the front part of the head and about its 1/3. The high electron density chromatin is the main components of nucleus, with several low electron density vesicles in it. There is little space between the plasma membrane and nuclear membrane at the front part of head. The implantation fossa is located in the posterior end of the nucleus. Proximal centriole and intercentriolar body are located in implantation fossa. The posterior end of the head is a large sleeve, which is about 2/3 of the head. The sleeve contains centriolar complex, several mitochondria and vesicles. At the midpart of the sleeve, there is a sleeve carve, out of which the thin and long tail stretches. The tail with only a little cytoplasm is thin and long. The axoneme between the end of the base body and the head of the tail is “9+0”. The 9 doublet of the axoneme, the central structure of the tail, is connected to the 9 strips of the posterior end of the basal body. The flagellar tail is the conventional “9+2”axoneme.
Ultrastructure of spermatozoa of E. septemfasciatus was investigated using transmission electron microscopes. The spermatozoa consists of two parts: the head and the tail (flagellum), no midpiece. The spermatozoa of E. septemfasciatus has no acrosome. A large spherical nucleus, covered with nuclear membrane, is located at the front part of the head and about its 1/3. The high electron density chromatin is the main components of nucleus, with several low electron density vesicles in it. There is little space between the plasma membrane and nuclear membrane at the front part of head. The implantation fossa is located in the posterior end of the nucleus. Proximal centriole and intercentriolar body are located in implantation fossa. The posterior end of the head is a large sleeve, which is about 2/3 of the head. The sleeve contains centriolar complex, several mitochondria and vesicles. At the midpart of the sleeve, there is a sleeve carve, out of which the thin and long tail stretches. The tail with only a little cytoplasm is thin and long. The axoneme between the end of the base body and the head of the tail is “9+0”. The 9 doublet of the axoneme, the central structure of the tail, is connected to the 9 strips of the posterior end of the basal body. The flagellar tail is the conventional “9+2”axoneme.
2011, 20(1):108-113.
Abstract:
Sea water temperature (SST) is one of the important factors that impact growth, reproduction and recruitment of chub mackerel. According to the catch and standardized CPUE data of purse seine fishery with lights (PSFL) and monthly sea surface temperature of the spawning ground in February from 1998 to 2006, the author developed a surplus production model for chub mackerel based on SST, and analyzed the impact of SST on the chub mackerel stock and its sustainable yield. The result indicates the relationship between sustainable yield and SST, can be expressed as Yt=1 080.97 ft-0.006f2t+114.51SSTt ft-2.91SST2tft. Variations of chub mackerel stock biomass and sustainable yield are controlled mainly by SST in the spawning ground and fishing effort. The optimal SST range for chub mackerel spawning is 18.5- 20.6℃. It is suggested that the maximum sustainable yield may be estimated based on the annual different environmental conditions, and the fishery management measures should be adjusted in realtime.
Sea water temperature (SST) is one of the important factors that impact growth, reproduction and recruitment of chub mackerel. According to the catch and standardized CPUE data of purse seine fishery with lights (PSFL) and monthly sea surface temperature of the spawning ground in February from 1998 to 2006, the author developed a surplus production model for chub mackerel based on SST, and analyzed the impact of SST on the chub mackerel stock and its sustainable yield. The result indicates the relationship between sustainable yield and SST, can be expressed as Yt=1 080.97 ft-0.006f2t+114.51SSTt ft-2.91SST2tft. Variations of chub mackerel stock biomass and sustainable yield are controlled mainly by SST in the spawning ground and fishing effort. The optimal SST range for chub mackerel spawning is 18.5- 20.6℃. It is suggested that the maximum sustainable yield may be estimated based on the annual different environmental conditions, and the fishery management measures should be adjusted in realtime.
2017, 26(3):440-449.
DOI: 10.12024/jsou.20160701826
Abstract:
Ocean environmental data are urgently needed in the exploitation, management and protection of marine fisheries resources. The large-area, long-time-period and near-real-time ocean environmental data can be collected by using satellite remote sensing and the technology of satellite remote sensing is playing an increasingly important role in the exploitation, management and protection of marine fisheries resources. In this paper, we reviewed the applications of satellite remote sensing data in fishery stock assessment, fishery forecasting, classification and conservation of marine fish habitat, vessel monitoring, fishery safety and fishing gear and methods. Meanwhile, we also discussed the problems of the applications in fisheries and presented prospects for the future development. The review is presented as a reference for scholars to understand the role of satellite remote sensing in the exploitation, management and protection of marine fishery resources.
Ocean environmental data are urgently needed in the exploitation, management and protection of marine fisheries resources. The large-area, long-time-period and near-real-time ocean environmental data can be collected by using satellite remote sensing and the technology of satellite remote sensing is playing an increasingly important role in the exploitation, management and protection of marine fisheries resources. In this paper, we reviewed the applications of satellite remote sensing data in fishery stock assessment, fishery forecasting, classification and conservation of marine fish habitat, vessel monitoring, fishery safety and fishing gear and methods. Meanwhile, we also discussed the problems of the applications in fisheries and presented prospects for the future development. The review is presented as a reference for scholars to understand the role of satellite remote sensing in the exploitation, management and protection of marine fishery resources.
2011, 20(4):636-640.
Abstract:
The graduation thesis of English majors is of considerable importance. And the graduation thesis of English majors can be the yardstick to have the comprehensive measurement of the integrated language abilities as well as the analytical abilities and research abilities of English major graduates .The quality of the graduation thesis of English majors is the actual reflection of the teaching result of English majors. In order to have the overall understanding of the present situation of the graduation thesis of English majors, the survey was conducted to get the information about the situation of graduation theses of English majors from 132 universities and colleges of different kinds. The findings of the questionnaire show there exist common problems in graduation theses of English majors such as plagiarism,grammatical mistakes, colloquial expressions, loose organization, lack of original ideas and so on. The exploration of the causes of the problems shows there are two major causes: objective and subjective. To tackle these problems, countermeasures are suggested in the paper: Reformation and innovation of teaching concept and teaching means. Strong emphasis on the teaching of English writing. Strict requirement on the selection the thesis title. Scientific use of research literature. Emphasis on the supervision of the whole process of student’s thesis writing. It is intended to improve the quality of graduation theses of English majors in a comprehensive way after having some reflections and taking some measures.
The graduation thesis of English majors is of considerable importance. And the graduation thesis of English majors can be the yardstick to have the comprehensive measurement of the integrated language abilities as well as the analytical abilities and research abilities of English major graduates .The quality of the graduation thesis of English majors is the actual reflection of the teaching result of English majors. In order to have the overall understanding of the present situation of the graduation thesis of English majors, the survey was conducted to get the information about the situation of graduation theses of English majors from 132 universities and colleges of different kinds. The findings of the questionnaire show there exist common problems in graduation theses of English majors such as plagiarism,grammatical mistakes, colloquial expressions, loose organization, lack of original ideas and so on. The exploration of the causes of the problems shows there are two major causes: objective and subjective. To tackle these problems, countermeasures are suggested in the paper: Reformation and innovation of teaching concept and teaching means. Strong emphasis on the teaching of English writing. Strict requirement on the selection the thesis title. Scientific use of research literature. Emphasis on the supervision of the whole process of student’s thesis writing. It is intended to improve the quality of graduation theses of English majors in a comprehensive way after having some reflections and taking some measures.
2011, 20(1):22-26.
Abstract:
According to the Chile jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) samples in the southeast Pacific Ocean (34°S ~37°S,90°W-110°W) collected by Chinese trawler fishing vessel during July and December 2009, 146 muscle samples collected from17 sites were used for population genetic structure identification by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. 52 loci were detected and 51 of these loci were polymorphic, which accounted for 98.08% of the total loci. The Shannon’s index was 0.5202±0.1813, the Nei’s genetic diversity index was 0.3500±0.1440, and the GSTvalues was 0.0311. The results indicated that the genetic diversity of the Trachurus murphyi was comparably high, and genetic differentiation was not significant among populations.
According to the Chile jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) samples in the southeast Pacific Ocean (34°S ~37°S,90°W-110°W) collected by Chinese trawler fishing vessel during July and December 2009, 146 muscle samples collected from17 sites were used for population genetic structure identification by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. 52 loci were detected and 51 of these loci were polymorphic, which accounted for 98.08% of the total loci. The Shannon’s index was 0.5202±0.1813, the Nei’s genetic diversity index was 0.3500±0.1440, and the GSTvalues was 0.0311. The results indicated that the genetic diversity of the Trachurus murphyi was comparably high, and genetic differentiation was not significant among populations.
2016, 25(4):620-627.
DOI: 10.12024/jsou.20160201650
Abstract:
The status of Chinese fishing fleet of South China Sea area (Guangdong, Gangxi and Hainan) is analyzed in this paper according to China Fisheries Statistic Yearbook and the fisheries resources status of South China Sea, including the total number, tonnage and main engine power of the fleet, also the size distribution of main engine power and fishing gears. In 2013, the total number of the fishing fleet in this area was 81 647, with a total tonnage of 1 566 000 tons,including 78 671 motorized vessels with 3 823 000 kW. More than 75% of the motorized fishing vessels in this area were less than 12 m LOA and 44.1 kW, which increased rapidly in 1980s and 1990s, and has kept stable in the last 10 years. The number of big-size vessels in this area with engine power more than 441 kW is very small, and increasing very slow to less than 0.6 percent of the total motorized fishing vessels, while the number of medium-size vessel with engine power 44.1-441 kW is stable. In terms of fishing gear, the fishing vessels are dominated by gill net (63.5%), followed by trawl (11.5%), purse seine (7%), and line (7%). Totally speaking, the fishing capacity of this area is too high, and the number of small-sized vessels is too big, while the composition of fishing gear is unreasonable. Suggestions of this paper are:further reduce the fishing fleet, and give priority to reduction of small-sized vessels, while moderately keep the number of large-sized vessels. The vessels fishing by trawl and gill net should be reduced substantially,while vessels fishing by line should increase, and purse seine fishing and deep-water trawling should be encouraged.
The status of Chinese fishing fleet of South China Sea area (Guangdong, Gangxi and Hainan) is analyzed in this paper according to China Fisheries Statistic Yearbook and the fisheries resources status of South China Sea, including the total number, tonnage and main engine power of the fleet, also the size distribution of main engine power and fishing gears. In 2013, the total number of the fishing fleet in this area was 81 647, with a total tonnage of 1 566 000 tons,including 78 671 motorized vessels with 3 823 000 kW. More than 75% of the motorized fishing vessels in this area were less than 12 m LOA and 44.1 kW, which increased rapidly in 1980s and 1990s, and has kept stable in the last 10 years. The number of big-size vessels in this area with engine power more than 441 kW is very small, and increasing very slow to less than 0.6 percent of the total motorized fishing vessels, while the number of medium-size vessel with engine power 44.1-441 kW is stable. In terms of fishing gear, the fishing vessels are dominated by gill net (63.5%), followed by trawl (11.5%), purse seine (7%), and line (7%). Totally speaking, the fishing capacity of this area is too high, and the number of small-sized vessels is too big, while the composition of fishing gear is unreasonable. Suggestions of this paper are:further reduce the fishing fleet, and give priority to reduction of small-sized vessels, while moderately keep the number of large-sized vessels. The vessels fishing by trawl and gill net should be reduced substantially,while vessels fishing by line should increase, and purse seine fishing and deep-water trawling should be encouraged.
2016, 25(1):142-151.
DOI: 10.12024/jsou.20150101297
Abstract:
Based on the monthly Satellite remote sensing Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from 2002 to 2013, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis was accomplished to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of upwelling over Zhoushan Coastal region. The effect of wind on upwelling was analyzed by using sea surface wind field data. The result showed that first two modal variance contribution rates are 71.66% and 16.55% in July, 87.03% and 7.3% in August respectively, all of which pass the North test. The Zhoushan coastal upwelling displayed inter-annual variability and had a negative relationship to the meridional wind. The prevailing southeast wind in summer was conductive to development of the upwelling. According to the calculation of Ekman Volume transport, the order of mean velocity of upwelling in Zhoushan coastal region are respectively 3.0×10-5 m/s and 1.5×10-5 m/s in July and August. The upwelling in August was significantly weaker than in July, which was relevant with a significant low SST anomaly observed in August.
Based on the monthly Satellite remote sensing Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from 2002 to 2013, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis was accomplished to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of upwelling over Zhoushan Coastal region. The effect of wind on upwelling was analyzed by using sea surface wind field data. The result showed that first two modal variance contribution rates are 71.66% and 16.55% in July, 87.03% and 7.3% in August respectively, all of which pass the North test. The Zhoushan coastal upwelling displayed inter-annual variability and had a negative relationship to the meridional wind. The prevailing southeast wind in summer was conductive to development of the upwelling. According to the calculation of Ekman Volume transport, the order of mean velocity of upwelling in Zhoushan coastal region are respectively 3.0×10-5 m/s and 1.5×10-5 m/s in July and August. The upwelling in August was significantly weaker than in July, which was relevant with a significant low SST anomaly observed in August.
2015, 24(4):570-578.
Abstract:
Through fitting the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) backscatter intensity data obtained by field survey and suspended sediment concentration in Jiangsu Yellow Sea in August and December 2012,we learned that the correlation coefficient was 0.8 or more, the inversion results were ideal. Combined with the simultaneous observation of the hydrological data such as temperature, salinity, we studied vertical distribution of suspended sediment transport characteristics, formative causes of two seasons of summer and winter in the region. The results show that Jiangsu typical seasonal variation of suspended sediment distribution in nearshore waters was obvious, and suspended sediment concentration was generally higher in winter than in summer. The distribution and transportation of suspended sediment were affected by Subei coastal water, western Yellow Sea coastal currents, Yangtze diluted water, Yellow Sea warm current, Yellow Sea cold water mass and other factors, in which seasonal variation of western Yellow Sea coastal currents were its main influence factors. Subei coastal water carrying the resuspended sediment in Yellow River estuary and nearshore suspended sediment spread to the south-east coast, and the transportation amount and diffusion range is larger in winter than in summer. Warm currents of Yellow Sea prevented suspended sediment from outward diffusion, which was captured in nearshore. Northeasterly direction deflection of Yangtze diluted water caused the distribution stratification phenomenon of suspended sediment in southern Subei in summer.
Through fitting the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) backscatter intensity data obtained by field survey and suspended sediment concentration in Jiangsu Yellow Sea in August and December 2012,we learned that the correlation coefficient was 0.8 or more, the inversion results were ideal. Combined with the simultaneous observation of the hydrological data such as temperature, salinity, we studied vertical distribution of suspended sediment transport characteristics, formative causes of two seasons of summer and winter in the region. The results show that Jiangsu typical seasonal variation of suspended sediment distribution in nearshore waters was obvious, and suspended sediment concentration was generally higher in winter than in summer. The distribution and transportation of suspended sediment were affected by Subei coastal water, western Yellow Sea coastal currents, Yangtze diluted water, Yellow Sea warm current, Yellow Sea cold water mass and other factors, in which seasonal variation of western Yellow Sea coastal currents were its main influence factors. Subei coastal water carrying the resuspended sediment in Yellow River estuary and nearshore suspended sediment spread to the south-east coast, and the transportation amount and diffusion range is larger in winter than in summer. Warm currents of Yellow Sea prevented suspended sediment from outward diffusion, which was captured in nearshore. Northeasterly direction deflection of Yangtze diluted water caused the distribution stratification phenomenon of suspended sediment in southern Subei in summer.
2016, 25(1):61-70.
DOI: 10.12024/jsou.20150401405
Abstract:
A 45-day feeding test was conducted to investigate the effects of different kinds and levels of dietary starch on liver histology of largemouth bass (LMB) with an initial body weight (23.45±0.08) g. Eight iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets were formulated with four kinds of starch (wheat starch, waxy corn starch, high-amylose corn starch, and cassava starch) at 5% and 10% levels, respectively. At the end of the feeding test, liver samples of test fish were collected. Biochemical analysis and histological observation of the liver tissues were performed. The results showed that the liver of fish, fed with all diets containing 5% starch and diet containing 10% high-amylose corn starch, was found bright red as usual, while the liver of fish, fed with the other diets with 10% starch, turned pale. Meanwhile, compared to fish with diets including 5% starch and 10% high-amylase corn starch, the hepatocyte size, hepatosomatic index, hepatic glycogen content and occurrence rates of the hepatocyte vacuolization and nuclei shifting to the cellular periphery were much higher in fish fed other 10% starch diets. It would be concluded that both dietary starch kind and its level can have a significant effect on glycogen content and tissue structure of the liver in LMB, high-amylose corn starch is more suitable than wheat starch, waxy corn starch and cassava starch, and that an inclusion level of 5% dietary starch is more suitable than of 10%.
A 45-day feeding test was conducted to investigate the effects of different kinds and levels of dietary starch on liver histology of largemouth bass (LMB) with an initial body weight (23.45±0.08) g. Eight iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets were formulated with four kinds of starch (wheat starch, waxy corn starch, high-amylose corn starch, and cassava starch) at 5% and 10% levels, respectively. At the end of the feeding test, liver samples of test fish were collected. Biochemical analysis and histological observation of the liver tissues were performed. The results showed that the liver of fish, fed with all diets containing 5% starch and diet containing 10% high-amylose corn starch, was found bright red as usual, while the liver of fish, fed with the other diets with 10% starch, turned pale. Meanwhile, compared to fish with diets including 5% starch and 10% high-amylase corn starch, the hepatocyte size, hepatosomatic index, hepatic glycogen content and occurrence rates of the hepatocyte vacuolization and nuclei shifting to the cellular periphery were much higher in fish fed other 10% starch diets. It would be concluded that both dietary starch kind and its level can have a significant effect on glycogen content and tissue structure of the liver in LMB, high-amylose corn starch is more suitable than wheat starch, waxy corn starch and cassava starch, and that an inclusion level of 5% dietary starch is more suitable than of 10%.
