Abstract:Vibrio alginolyticus, a Gram-negative bacterium, is a dominant bacterium in the marine environment. At the same time, it is also a common pathogenic bacterium in daily life. When the temperature is between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, the epidemic vibriosis is particularly easy to break out, which has a significant impact on the mariculture industry. RseB gene was successfully deleted with Overlap PCR and homologous gene recombination. The results showed that the RseB gene was correlated with the growth rate of V. alginolyticus, and the deletion strain increased the growth rate of Vibrio alginolyticus. RseB gene deletion resulted in a 37.5% decrease in hemolysis of V. alginolyticus. The pathogenicity test results showed that the death time of the RseB gene deleted strain in the experimental group was delayed by 4 h, and the LT₅₀ was delayed by 20 h. At 24 h after challenge, the colonization ability of RseB gene deletion strain in L. vannamei decreased by 53.4%. The hepatopancreas of L. vannamei infected by Vibrio phagolysii were seriously infected, the order of hepatic tubules was out of order, the space became larger, the boundary began to blur gradually, and the lumen of hepatopancreas tubules disappeared. The arrangement of liver cells began to be irregular, and some liver cells were obviously enlarged or even the whole cell began to degenerate, dyed dark with eosin, and the nucleus began to disappear. The results of pathological sections at 8, 16, 32 and 64 h showed that the hepatopancreas damage of RseB gene knockout strain was relatively mild.

Abstract:In order to explore the process and related genes involved in the accumulation of TTX in the liver and skin of pufferfish, the artificially bred Takifugu flavidus (referred to as "pufferfish") underwent intramuscular injection of 0.25 μg TTX per gram body weight of pufferfish. It was found that the concentration of TTX in the liver was the highest at 4 h after injection (19.12 ng/g), and decreased to 8.92 ng/g at 24 h, TTX was mainly accumulated in hepatocytes; TTX content in the skin was in an upward trend, and it was 13.70 ng/g at 4 h and 22.91 ng/g at 24 h; TTX mainly accumulated in the skin epidermis and basal layer cells. Comparing the control group and the liver and skin transcriptomes 24 h after injection, it was found that: 338 genes were up-regulated and 350 genes were down-regulated in liver tissue by TTX injection, while 598 genes were up-regulated and 595 genes were down-regulated in skin tissue; RT-qPCR verified slc2a12, slc5a7, slc25a22, slc25a15, slc35a3, arap1, ugt2a2, ggt5, psbp2 and other membrane transporter-related genes were significantly up-regulated in the liver and skin after TTX injection (P<0.05), which may be related to the accumulation process of TTX.

Abstract:To investigate the suitable stocking density of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in an environment with about 60% Elodea nuttallii coverage rate, a 45-day rearing experiment was conducted. The initial weight of juvenile crayfish was (4.35±0.95)g, the growth performance, food source contribution and non-specific immune enzyme activity of red swamp crayfish were compared at different stocking densities (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ind./m²). The results showed that: The final body mass, terminal body length and weight gain rate of crayfish in the density group of 10 ind./m² were the highest, and there was no significant difference among the other groups, and the culture density was higher than 15 ind./m², the proportion of small-sized crayfish (10-15 g) increases significantly; The average food source contribution of Elodea nuttallii to crayfish ranged from 12.8% to 26.9%, and its contribution to large-sized crayfish (20-25 g) was higher than that of small-sized crayfish; There was no significant difference in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme (LZM) among all groups, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of crayfish of only 10 ind./m² was significantly lower than the other four groups, which indicated that ensuring certain coverage rate of Elodea nuttallii can effectively reduce the negative effects of density stress, and the intake of Elodea nuttallii could have a positive effect on the non-specific immunity of crayfish. In conclusion, the suitable stocking density of crayfish was 15 ind./m² in the environment of Elodea nuttallii (about 60% coverage).

Abstract:To explore the feasibility of developing fishery aquaculture in low salt water, this study compared and analyzed the desalination effect of Sinonovacula contricta under different domestication methods. In this experiment, three groups with different low-salt domestication methods were set up (group Da: isokinetic domestication group with salinity decreased by 3 per 48 h; Group Db: isokinetic domestication group with salinity decreased by 1.5 per 24 h; group Dc: segmented domestication group with salinity decreased by 3 per 48 h before 10 and salinity decreased by 1 per 24 h after 10) and undomesticated group (Ud: salinity 5), water salinity decreased from 20 to 5, and the desalination period was 10 d. The survival, oxygen consumption rate, ammonia nitrogen excretion rate, feeding rate and antioxidant enzyme activity of clams in each experimental group were measured. The results showed that the survival rate of S. contricta in all domesticated groups was significantly higher than that of undomesticated group (43%), and the survival rate of group Dc (86%) was the highest. The oxygen consumption rate and ammonia nitrogen excretion rate in group Dc were significantly lower than those in group Da and group Db. The feeding experiments showed the feeding rate of group Dc was significantly higher than group A and group B. S. constricta in group Dc showed the least fluctuation of activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). In brief, the segmented desalination mode with a lower desalination rate and gradually decreasing the desalination rate with the decrease of salinity had significant advantages, which provided a reference for the desalination culture of S. contricta in low-saline water.

Abstract:To reveal the material flow characteristics of mariculture pond ecosystems of shellfish monoculture and shellfish-shrimp integrated culture, two Ecopath models composed of 14 and 15 functional groups respectively were constructed. The results showed that the material transfer efficiency between Ⅰ and Ⅱ trophic levels of the integrated culture mode (52.1%) was higher than shellfish monoculture mode (26.5%), and the proportion of material flows in the detritus group (20.81%) was also higher than the shellfish monoculture mode (4.64%). Compared to the shellfish monoculture mode, the key species of the integrated culture mode changed from macroplankton to Litopenaeus vannamei, while the mixed trophic impact analysis showed that the shrimp group obviously affected plankton and detritus groups, resulting in the fact that effective efficiency (EE value) of zooplankton increased, and the phytoplankton EE value decreased. The mixed trophic impact of shellfish group was not changed between the two modes. The Finn's cycling index of the monoculture and integrated culture system were 2.75% and 13.21%, the connectance index were 0.256 and 0.250, and the system omnivory index were 0.049 and 0.065, respectively. The results suggest that the food web in integrated culture mode was more complex, and the system structure was better than that of the shellfish monoculture mode, indicating that there is improvement potential for the two system. In order to improve the system stability, feed utilization and breeding efficiency stability, functional groups at different trophic levels could be introduced to the system.

Abstract:In order to evaluate the effects of exogenous enzymes inclusion on growth performance, body composition and feed efficiency of largemouth bass, the diet with 25% fish meal was considered as the control, and another five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with the inclusion of neutral protease, keratinase, cellulase, phytase and complex enzymes (neutral protease, keratinase, cellulase and phytase), respectively. The fish were fed the experimental diets for 57 days twice daily. Results showed that fish fed the diet with keratinase, cellulase or complex enzymes inclusion displayed higher final body weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate compared to the control group. Meanwhile, largemouth bass fed the diet with the supplementation of neutral protease, keratinase or phytase obtained significantly higher protein retention rate than that in the control group. The lipid retention rate was significantly higher in largemouth bass fed the diet with phytase or complex enzyme compared to other groups. The inclusion of exogenous enzyme significantly elevated the nutrient apparent digestibility coefficient of largemouth bass: the highest apparent digestibility of protein was observed in largemouth bass fed the diet with complex enzyme, which was significantly higher than other groups; the apparent digestibility of lipid in largemouth bass fed the diet with keratin, cellulase and complex enzyme was significantly higher than that in the neutral protease and control group. In summary, the supplementation of exogenous enzymes, especially keratinase, cellulase and complex enzyme, in high plant protein diet, can effectively promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, improve feed utilization and elevate growth performance of largemouth bass.

Abstract:The study of dark carbon fixation in estuarine wetlands is of great scientific significance for the comprehensive understanding and scientific assessment of the carbon sink potential of estuarine wetlands. Taking Chongming Dongtan as a typical study area,the effects of different wetland vegetation distributions on sediment dark carbon fixation and its key environmental control factors were studied using ¹⁴C isotope labeling technology combined with molecular biology research methods.The results showed that: the annual mean values of sediment dark carbon fixation rates in mudflat, Phragmites australis, and Spartina alterniflora wetlands were (1.27±0.66),(0.88±0.40),(1.37±0.63) mmol/(m²·d) C, respectively; there were significant seasonal differences in sediment dark carbon fixation in estuarine wetlands, in which the dark carbon fixation rates increased significantly in summer, but were inhibited by extremely high temperatures; the dark carbon fixation in sediments was promoted by Spartina alterniflora, while that in the Phragmites australis area was reduced relative to the mudflat; different vegetation influenced the dark carbon fixation in the sediment by regulating the NH⁺₄, Fe³⁺, S^2- and the abundance of functional genes (cbbL and cbbM). The results provide a theoretical reference to accurately assess the carbon sink potential and the influence mechanisms of the estuarine wetlands.

Abstract:The spatial and temporal distribution of soil enzymes and their influencing factors were studied in the east wetland of Nanhui, Shanghai in 2019. Based on the differences in the spatial distribution of vegetation, the differences and influencing factors of soil enzymes in four different regions, including the Scirpus mariqueter area, Spartina alterniflora area, the mixed vegetation area of Spartina alterniflora area and Scirpus mariqueter area, and the area of bare tidal flats, were studied. The results are as follows: In the Dongtan wetland of Nanhui, the activities of different soil enzymes varied among different vegetation types, and the order of urease activity was Scirpus mariqueter area > bare beach area > Spartina alterniflora area > mixed area, the order of soil invertase activity was Scirpus mariqueter area > Spartina alterniflora area > mixed area > bare beach area, the order of alkaline phosphatase activity was bare beach area > Scirpus mariqueter area > mixed area > Spartina alterniflora area, and the order of catalase activity was mixed area > Scirpus mariqueter area > Spartina alterniflora area > bare beach area; The activities of urease and invertase in the mixed vegetation area were lower than those in the single vegetation area, and the invasion of Spartina alterniflora reduced the activities of urease and invertase, thereby reducing the soil fertility of the Dongtan wetland of Scirpus mariqueter; The activities of soil enzymes in different vegetation types were influenced by different environmental factors, and the vegetation type determined the soil fertility, which in turn affected the enzyme activity.

Abstract:In order to promote the management and protection of urban water bodies, a survey of large benthic invertebrate communities was carried out on 23 river sections in Suzhou. On this basis, the core indicators suitable for urban water ecological health assessment were selected by analyzing the distribution range, discrimination ability and correlation of the candidate indicators. The ratio method was used to calculate the core index values, and the macrobenthic invertebrate biological integrity index value (Benthic Macroinvertebrate Index of Biotic Integrity,BIBI value) were obtained by accumulating and summing. The results show that 22 species of macrobenthic invertebrates were found in the Suzhou urban water and reference points, belonging to 3 phyla, 6 classes, 9 orders and 14 families. After screening, the BIBI that was suitable for evaluation of Suzhou was composed of the following 6 indicators: the total number of taxons, the number of arthropod taxa, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the percentage of widespread species, the percentage of individuals in the class of insects, and the percentage of individuals in pollution-tolerant groups. The optimal expected value of the calculated BIBI value is 4.01, even the BIBI value ≥ 4.01 is healthy, 3.01-4.01 is good, 2.01-3.01 is fair, 1.01-2.01 is poor, and <1.01 is extremely poor(the interval range is left closed and right open, and BIBI value ≥ 0). According to the results of BIBI, the ecological health of the water in Suzhou was uneven. There were more fair and good sites than healthy; the health status of each point in different seasons is different. The correlation analysis between BIBI and various water quality factors proves that BIBI can be used to evaluate the ecological health of urban water and has scientific guiding significance for the evaluation of urban water ecological health.

Abstract:In order to better understand the morphological growth characteristics of beak and fisheries biology, polynomial growth model was established for the relationship between mantle length and body mass for Loligo beka collected from fishery independent surveys by trawl net in the Bohai Bay from Jul. to Nov. 2021, and the size at first maturity was estimated. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was employed to analyze the influence of maturity and gender on the morphologic growth of beak. In addition, multivariate statistical analysis based on the principal components were applied to establish the relationships between morphologic straits of beak and mantle length or weight for Loligo beka. The analyses showed that polynomial growth model was more suitable for fitting the relationship between mantle length and body mass, and the sizes at first maturity was estimated at(3.522±0.009)cm,(3.505±0.026)cm and (3.513±0.016)cm for female, male and total Loligo beka, respectively. There were obvious differences in the morphologic between upper beak and lower beak. Some ratios between beak length indices, such as hood length and crest length, were nearly consistent with the change of sex and sexual maturity, but others were different, such as the ratios between upper crest length and upper rostrum length and between upper hood length and upper lateral wall length, and there were significant differences in gender and sexual maturity, respectively. Taking the coefficient of determination and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) as the criterion of goodness-of-fit, the optimal relationships between morphologic indices of beak versus mantle length or weight were established by means of stepwise multiple linear regression. The information above mentioned suggested that the behavior of fishing Loligo beka with shorter than 3.513 cm in mantle length should been forbidden. The ratio of upper hood length and upper crest length could be used as stable beak index of the morphological characteristics of Loligo beka, the ratios between upper crest length and upper rostrum length and between upper hood length and upper lateral wall length could be used as the indexes of gender and sexual maturity, respectively. Besides, the relationships described by stepwise multiple linear function were more suitable for predicting the mantle length or weight on the basis of data of beak for Loligo beka.

Abstract:Cephalopod beaks are important tissues for the study of cephalopod organisms. In order to achieve the accurate measurement of pigmentation of cephalopod beaks and to investigate the role of pigmentation in the discriminative classification of cephalopod beaks, this study selected the beaks of three cephalopods, the Middle East Pacific Dosidicus gigas, the northwest Pacific Ommastrephes bartrami and the Middle East Atlantic Ommastrephes pteropus.The pigmentation is visualised on the basis of its lateral view image according to four classes: class Ⅰ(black), class Ⅱ(grey), class Ⅲ(light grey) and class Ⅳ(transparent). The ratio of the area of pigmentation to the area of the hood-wing region and the area of the crest-lateral wall region was calculated for the four classes of Dosidicus gigas, Ommastrephes bartrami and Ommastrephes pteropus, respectively.The difference in pigmentation between the three cephalopods was analysed using stepwise discriminant analysis, and the correct rate of discrimination was 74.4%.It is suggested that there are some differences in the pigmentation of the beak of the three cephalopods, and that these differences may be due to the different life characteristics and feeding habits of the three cephalopods.The study achieves numerical and precise classification of pigmentation classes in cephalopod beak, which is a new quantitative measurement method and provides new ideas for the study of pigmentation in cephalopod beak.

Abstract:Based on 1 214 greater lizardfish, Saurida tumbil, collected from the Beibu Gulf in 2020, the reproductive characteristics and its adaptive changes of the population were investigated by assessing the biological characteristics and ovary histology.The results showed that the overall sex ratio of female to male was 1.82∶1, the mature gonads of the female population were distributed in all four seasons, and the gonad somatic index (GSI) remained higher level from March to August, which was the main spawning season with the peak spawning occurring in March and July. Oocytes with different egg diameters were found in the mature ovaries, and obviously multi-modal type was showed in the distribution of egg diameters. The range of absolute fecundity was large (2 774–158 986), and there were oocytes at different developmental stages in the mature ovaries. Based on the results of GSI, spawning season, oocyte diameter distribution and histological sections, it is concluded that S. tumbil belongs to the non-synchronized multiple batch spawner. The relative fecundity (267 eggs/g) was maintained at a higher level, which was conducive to establishing a stable population rapidly under the high intensity fishing pressure. The estimated body length at the first sexual maturity (L₅₀) for females (19.0 cm) was the same as the body length of the important turning point of the sex ratio. In this study, it was found that the reproductive characteristics of S. tumbil in the Beibu Gulf had difference compared with the previous population. The results further enriched the reproductive biological data available for S. tumbil and provided a scientific basis for the protection and sustainable utilization of S. tumbil resources in the Beibu Gulf.

Abstract:Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus, as the main associated species in the northwest Pacific Ocean, are of great scientific significance for the management and sustainable use of fishery resources to study their potential habitat distribution and differences in response to environmental changes in this area. The fishery data of S.melanostictus and S.japonicus in the northwest Pacific Ocean from May to November in 2017-2021 were used, combined with sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface height (SSH), chlorophyll-a (Chl.a), eddy kinetic energy (EKE), and water temperature at different depths (50, 100, 150, 200 m) to construct a maximum entropy model.According to the response curves of the two to the key environmental factors of each month, the inter-month changes of the key factors on the potential habitats of S. melanostictus and S. japonicus were obtained, and the map of potential habitat distribution from May to November for S. melanostictus and S. japonicus was stimulated. The key factors affecting the change of suitable habitats from June and August to October were SSH, SST, and Chl.a, and their suitable ranges were not much different. The results show that the potential habitat changes of S. melanostictus and S. japonicus are consistent with the actual operating location, and with the increase of months, and they all show a trend of moving first to the northeast and turning back in the southwest direction, and their potential habitat positions overlap widely in each month. The key factors affecting the change of suitable habitat in May, July and November are different. The key factors affecting the change of suitable habitat in May, July and November are different, and the key factors of S. melanostictus are SSH, EKE, SST, the key factors in July are SSH, SST,Chl.a. The key factors in November are EKE, SST, Chl.a, while the key factors of S. japonicus are SSH, EKE, Chl.a in May, and the key factors in July are SST and Chl.a,SSS, while the key factors in November are SSH, SST, Chl.a, and the suitable range of environmental factors varies from month to month. In addition, as the number of months increases, the optimal habitat area of S. japonicus gradually decreases northward, with a minimum area in July and November, while the optimal habitat area of S. melanostictus tends to increase, extending to the area north of 37° north latitude in November. The study showed the changes of SSH, SST and Chl.a have an important impact on the distribution of potential habitats of S. japonicus and S. melanostictus in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and EKE and SSS are the main causes for the difference in the distribution of potential habitats.

Abstract:The coast of West Africa, including the Eastern Central Atlantic and Southeast Atlantic, is an important fishery production area in the world. Scientific prediction of the change trend of its catch in the future is conducive to the scientific management and development of fishery resources in this area. Based on the catch data provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) from 2000 to 2020, the main catch categories affecting the total catch of the Eastern Central Atlantic and Southeast Atlantic were analyzed by grey correlation analysis and grey prediction theory, and a variety of GM (1,N) models were established for comparative analysis. The optimal GM (1,N) model successfully predicted the total catch of the Eastern Central Atlantic and Southeast Atlantic from 2021 to 2025 by the catch data from 2018 to 2020 catch data for validation. The results showed that the optimal prediction model of the two sea areas is GM (1,6). The grey correlation coefficients between the predicted value and the original value are the greatest, which are 0.825 and 0.867, respectively. And the average relative errors are the smallest, which are 2.705% and 1.734%, respectively. The average relative errors of the prediction catches from 2018 to 2020 were 4.63% and 8.24%, respectively. The predicted total catch values for the Eastern Central Atlantic and Southeast Atlantic from 2021 to 2025 are 497.67×10⁴-588.79×10⁴ tons and 138.20×10⁴-147.41×10⁴ tons, respectively. It is believed that the maximum increase of the total catch in the Eastern Central Atlantic during the 14th Five-Year Plan is about 48×10⁴ tons, with a relatively low growth rate. It is suggested to strengthen the conservation of resources, control the scale of fishing, formulate and implement effective management and conservation measures such as the fishing ban period, and establish a scientific and reasonable fishery cooperation mechanism. The total catch of the Southeast Atlantic fluctuates steadily. It is suggested to strengthen conservation and management of key fish species, deepen regional fishery cooperation, and appropriately expand fishing areas to achieve green development.

Abstract:In order to investigate the species composition and diversity of larvae and juvenile fish in Chongming Dongtan and its surrounding waters, 14 stations were set up in Chongming Dongtan and its surrounding waters from November 2020 to August 2021, and surface horizontal trawling surveys were conducted quarterly with large larvae and juvenile fish nets (diameter 1.3 m, mesh 0.5 mm) for four voyages at each station. A total of 4 556 larvae and juveniles were collected, belonging to 8 orders, 14 families and 48 species. The species composition of dominant species is obvious, of which Coilia mystus (25.09%) was the dominant fish. This was followed by Stolephorus commersonnii (20.12%) and Salanx ariakensis (17.11%). The results showed that the species number and density of larvae and juvenile fishes in spring and summer were significantly higher than those in autumn and winter, and the highest density was 0.658 ind./m³ in summer. The number of species in spring was 28, and the number of species in winter was the least. The species richness index, diversity index and evenness index showed the same trend between seasons, with the highest in spring and the lowest in winter. The density of larvae and juveniles was higher in the north branch than in the south branch in spring and summer, and higher in the south branch than in the north branch in autumn and winter. The results of cluster analysis showed that larvae and juvenile fishes can be divided into freshwater group, estuarine group Ⅰ and estuarine group Ⅱ in spring. Summer can be divided into estuarine group and marine group. the larvae and juveniles in Chongming Dongtan of Yangtze River estuary in autumn could be divided into freshwater group, estuarine group and marine group. The species and number of fish larvae and juveniles in winter are very small. Pearson correlation index analysis showed that the richness index, diversity index and evenness index in summer were correlated with salinity, but not with water temperature. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of dominant species and communities of larvae and juvenile fish in Chongming Dongtan and the environmental factors affecting their distribution were also discussed. The results will provide important analysis data for the sustainable development and protection of fishery ecological resources in Chongming Dongtan, Yangtze River Estuary.

Abstract:In order to elucidate the effects of fishing ban strategies in different lakes on population dynamics and niche overlap of three cultrinae fishes, Xiliang Lake, a complete fishing ban strategy lake, and Futou Lake, a seasonal fishing ban strategy lake, were selected as the study sites. Three cultrinae fishes Culter alburnus, Culter dabryi and Cultrichthys erythropterus were studied. The dynamic parameters of fish population such as quantity per unit effort, biomass per unit effort, total length, body weight and relative fatness were analyzed. The food sources and contribution rates of three cultrinae fishes were analyzed using stable isotope technique, and the spatio-temporal niche breadth, trophic niche breadth and overlap indices of three cultrinae fishes in lakes with different fishing ban strategies were compared. The results showed as follows: The biomass per unit effort of three cultrinae fishes in the complete fishing ban strategy lake was significantly higher than that of the seasonal fishing ban strategy lake, and their total length distribution range was wider than that of the seasonal fishing ban strategy lake;In the seasonal fishing ban strategy lake, the temporal-spatial niche of three cultrinae fishes overlapped significantly; In the lake that complete fishing ban strategy, three species of cultrinae had wider trophic niche breadth. The results provide scientific basis for the improvement of the fishing ban strategies and the sustainable utilization of fishery resources in the key waters of the Yangtze River basin.

Abstract:The effects of boiling, frying and baking on the color, texture, thiobarbituric acid value, biogenic amines and volatile substances of Sthenoteuthis pteropus were investigated. The results showed that the color of Sthenoteuthis pteropus changed significantly after thermal processing, and the color of the fried treatment group was significantly different from that of other treatment groups. The hardness and chewiness of Sthenoteuthis pteropus changed greatly, and the boiling group's elasticity varied greatly from that of the other treatment groups. The magnitude of oxidation of the samples after different thermal processing methods: boiled > fried > baked. There were differences in the effects of thermal processing on the six biogenic amines: the overall content of spermidine, tyramine and spermine in the four groups of samples was low and the differences were not significant. The histamine content in fresh squid was (3.23±0.20) mg/kg, which increased 1.29 times (boiled), 3.68 times (fried) and 2.89 times (baked) by thermal processing, respectively. A total of 46, 52, 61, and 70 volatile substances were found in fresh, boiled, fried, and baked Sthenoteuthis pteropus, respectively, using the SPME-GC-MS technique. The effects of different thermal processing methods on the edible quality of Sthenoteuthis pteropus, such as color, texture and flavor, were different. The results of the study provide theoretical guidance for the thermal processing of squid.

Abstract:In order to tap the potential of high-value utilization of Chlamys nobilis, using compound protease to hydrolyze Chlamys nobilis adductor muscle, the effect of EHCA(enzymatic hydrolysate of Chlamys nobilis adductor muscle) on the activity of α-glucosidase and the scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals was explored.The fasting blood glucose concentration, serum insulin content, liver malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase content were used as indicators to evaluate the auxiliary hypoglycemic function and antioxidant activity of EHCA in normal mice. The results showed that EHCA had good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and its DPPH free radical scavenging ability increased with the concentration of the enzymatic hydrolysate. The results of animal experiments showed that a certain concentration of EHCA could enhance the glucose tolerance of mice, significantly reduced the liver malondialdehyde and increase the activity of superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, the compound protease can effectively enzymolyze the adductor muscle of Chlamys nobilis, and its enzymatic hydrolysate has good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity with a certain auxiliary hypoglycemic effect. The results may provide a theoretical basis for the development of auxiliary hypoglycemic marine functional foods.

Abstract:To establish a rat cardiovascular thrombosis model and to observe the fibrinolytic properties of the marine bisindole alkaloid FGFC1 (Fungi Fibrinolytic Compound 1) in dissolving rat cardiovascular thrombus, a rat cardiovascular thrombosis model was established using fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled fibrin induction method. Myocardial tissue morphology was imaged by low-field NMR, fluorescence scanning of frozen sections and hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) of paraffin sections. Plasma fluorescence intensity was measured in the blank group, control group, u-PA positive control group and FGFC1 low, medium and high dose groups., and plasma fibrin degradation product (FDP), D-dimer (D-D) and plasminogen (Plg) were measured by ELISA. FITC-FIB was successfully labeled as FITC-α, FITC-β, FITC-γ peptide chains by reduced SDS-PAGE, and the FITC-fibrin showed green fluorescence under fluorescence microscopy. Low-field NMR imaging showed increased density of cardiac tissue in the modeling group, and fluorescence scanning of frozen sections showed the presence of fluorescent material plaques in cardiac vessels, indicating the establishment of a cardiovascular thrombosis model, while HE staining of tissue sections showed abnormal myocardial fibers in the modeling group. activity levels were significantly lower than those of the blank group, and FDP levels and D-D levels were significantly higher than those of the blank group. FITC-fibrin induced the formation of cardiovascular thrombosis model in rats, and the marine bisindole alkaloid FGFC1 could reduce the Plg activity and promote the degradation of thrombus fibrin in rats.

Abstract:The Antarctic Marine Protection Area (AMPA) has always been a global benchmark in the field of High Sea’s protection. It is committed to maintain the ecological health of the Southern Ocean through the implementation of the Marine Protection Areas (MPAs) proposals and the promotion of related work. However, due to the dynamic nature of the marine environment and the time lag of the protection effect, the actual effect and promotion status of marine reserves, which have been widely applied and planned in Antarctica, are still difficult to be quantified in the context of the lack of long-term monitoring data and a complete evaluation system. In this paper, the international research status on AMPAs issues in recent years was integrated and explored. Based on open access and published reports and data from the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), the game between science and policy in the process of advancing AMPAs issues was analyzed and presented from multiple perspectives, such as the planning efficiency, scientific basis, the demand for MPA in the planned area, the monitoring and evaluation of the protected areas, the consideration of the rational utilization of marine living resources and the management particularity of Antarctic resource governance issues. The results show that, although the Antarctic ocean protection is unmatched in the field of international waters protection, the results of longitudinal comparison indicate the development is still in its infancy, the difficulties, such as the slow process of planning, insufficient scientific evidence, difficult coordination of the interests between countries, weak mechanism of research and monitoring, controversial protection requirement and effects, needs to be overcome. It is suggested that future work should focus on the linkage between scientific data and marine governance policies, and the improvement of research and monitoring plans, so as to meet the diverse demands of different agents, to explore efficient and scientific management strategies and resource regulation modes.