Abstract:In order to evaluate the status of different tissues and analyze the functional differentiation of different intestinal segments of black carp under cultivation conditions, histological semi-quantitative system was used to evaluate the gill, liver, spleen and intestine and enzyme activity detection method was used to analyze the distribution of digestive enzyme and antioxidant enzyme in different intestinal segments of black carp. The results showed that the gill, liver, and spleen of black carp were in good condition and with classⅠand class Ⅱ changes and the intestine was the most affected organ and with class Ⅲ changes. Mucosal epithelial cell hyperplasia and lamina propria friable and necrotic were found in Intestinal histological analysis. Fulton’s Conditional factor (CF) of the black carp ranged from 1.01 to 2.30 with an average value of 1.19 and Hepatic somatic index (HSI) ranged from 0.29 to 0.93 with an average of 0.58, which indicated that the detected black carp were in good condition. The distribution of digestive enzyme and antioxidant enzyme in the different intestine segments was significant differences and the activity of amylase, lipase and trypsin in foregut is significantly higher than hindgut. Different from the digestive enzyme, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the hindgut were significantly higher than foregut. The results can provide references for the evaluation of the tissue status of cultured fish and the analysis of the functional differences between different parts of the intestine.

Abstract:To investigate the oxidative stress response and physiological metabolic changes of Sinonovacula constricta under acute temperature stress, and to evaluate the ability of S.constricta to adapt to climate change, S.constricta after holding and purification were divided into 7 groups, which were subjected to temperature stress at 4 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃ (CK), 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃ under water bath. After 6 hours, it slowly returned to the control temperature (20 ℃).The changes of superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity, catalase activity total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde content, reduced glutathione content, hydrogen peroxide content of gill and digestive gland of S.constricta were measured in each group. The results showed that the group at 4 ℃, 10 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃ showed significant changes after 6 h of stress; compared with the low temperature stress, SOD, POD, MDA, GSH and other indicators all had more significant changes under the temperature stress of the high temperature; after the temperature was restored at 24 h, the indexes of the low temperature group at 4 ℃ and the high temperature group at 35 ℃ could not be restored to the levels of the control group. Studies have shown that both low temperature and high temperature stresses cause an imbalance of the antioxidant system in the tissue, resulting in a significant change in the active oxygen content; SOD, CAT, POD and GSH play different roles in the body’s response to oxidative damage caused by temperature stress; and when the extreme environmental temperature changes beyond the tolerance limit of the tissue, reaching the lethal temperature, the imbalance of the body’s antioxidant regulation system will cause irreversible oxidative damage and affect its normal physiological activities.

Abstract:The experiment was conducted to study the effects of medium and high aquaculture density on the growth, survival, digestion and non-specific immunity of the current year Coilia nasus. A 96 days aquaculture experiment was conducted in the same batch of artificially bred Coilia nasus using pond culture methods. The results showed that the growth rate of body length and body mass in medium density pond (62#, 6 ind./m²) was significantly higher than that in high density pond (56#, 11 ind./m²), in which the relative growth rate of body length was 3.4 times than that in 56# pond, the relative body mass growth rate was 6.5 times than that in 56# pond. The faness and survival rate were also greater than those of 56# pond (0.290 g/cm³ and 83.5%, 0.278 g/cm³ and 79.7%, respectively). During the aquaculture period, the amylase (AMS) activity in 62# pond was significantly higher than that in 56# pond and showed a trend of increased first and then decreased with the aquaculture time, while the trypsin (TPS) activity showed a change of decreased first and then increased. Except that there was no significant difference between 62# pond and 56# pond in middle stages of aquaculture, the other time was significantly greater than 56# pond. The pepsin (PPS) activity in 62# pond was significantly higher than that in 56# pond and then gradually decreased to significantly lower than in 56# pond, while PPS activity in 56# pond did not change significantly change with time. The lipase (LPS) activity in 62# pond increased gradually with culture time, and was not significant different from that in 56# pond in middle stage, and was significantly smaller than that in 56# pond at other times. There was no significant difference in the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) between two ponds, but it decreased gradually with the time of aquaculture. The activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in 62# pond was significantly higher than those in 56# pond. The CAT activity increased significantly with the aquaculture time, and GSH-Px activity did not change significantly. The CAT activity in 56# pond showed a trend of increased first and then decreased, while GSH-Px activity gradually decreased with aquaculture time. Therefore, under the experimental conditions, high-density aquaculture has a certain negative impact on the growth rate, digestive ability and immune system of juvenile Coilia nasus, while the growth, digestion and immunity of Coilia nasus cultured at medium density are superior to those at high density, which is more suitable for the cultivation and large-scale aquaculture of Coilia nasus.

Abstract:The methodologies of histology and transmission electron microscopy were applied to understand the histological structure and cell type of the accessory nidamental gland (ANG) of adult Sepioteuthis lessoniana, a common species among cephalopods.The results showed that ANG was composed of parietal glandular tissue, glandular tubules and connective tissue.Among them, the parietal glandular tissue was composed of columnar epithelial cells and muscle cells. Glandular tubules were surrounded by monolayer epithelial cells, in which there were abundant organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi complex, etc. Glandular glands were numerous and densely packed.There were a large number of rod-shaped bacteria and secreted substances in the lumen. The space between the gland tubules is filled with connective tissue, in which there were a few blood vessels and muscle fibers. Accordingly, the ANG of S. lessoniana is a secretory gland,the secreted substances include gel-like substances that form egg sheaths and substances that provide nutrients for symbiotic bacteria. The source of symbiotic bacteria belongs to “horizontal transmission”, and its secreted substances have antibacterial activity.

Abstract:New primers (NG2OF/NG2OR) were designed based on analysis of all GⅡ norovirus sequences available online to solve the problem of non-specific amplification and false negative in detecting GⅡ norovirus in oysters by performing the present nested RT-PCR method. The primers are evaluated for their coverage, specificity, sensitivity and stability. The results show that: new primers were specifically targeted for GⅡ norovirus and not affected by the original background of the oyster samples; the assay successfully detects GⅡ norovirus from norovirus contaminated oysters with the sensitivity of 26.4 noroviruses; the assay has a 28.3% positive rate as 92 oyster samples are detected, which is 7.5% higher than the typical method. Thus, the new nested PCR method, with a higher sensitivity, is more efficient in the detection of oyster samples. It provided a new and reliable assay for the detection of GⅡ norovirus in oysters.

Abstract:In order to investigate the etiology and pathology of visceral sarcoidosis in American shad(Alosa sapidissima), the liver, spleen, kidney and other organs of diseased shad were isolated, H.E routine staining, Masson staining and Ziehl-Neelsen staining, combined with microstructure were used for observing and analysing diseased tissues and cells as well as pathogenic bacteria. The sick shad exhibited the clinical symptoms that were multiple injuries on the body surface, bleeding under the scales, slightly enlarged abdomen and bleeding from the anus. Pathological anatomy revealed that the abdominal cavity was filled with a large amount of blood mixed with ascites, and there were a great number of white nodules in internal organs such as liver, kidney and spleen, with multiple ruptures and bleeding. In details, the liver surface was dark red. The kidney surface was covered with numerous white fibrous lesions, and the original color and structure of the kidney were changed. The spleen was deep black and intestines were bleeding. Nodules were not seen in other organs. Histopathological analysis showed that many granulomas emerged in the liver, spleen, and kidney seriously. The granuloma center consisted of necrotic tissue fragments and concomitant bacteria, the periphery of granuloma was infiltrated with a large number of inflammatory cells, and the envelope was composed of fibrous tissue. Liver tissue was filled with many vacuoles, which were steatosis. Renal tubules in kidney tissue were ruptured and decomposed, large area of tissue necrosis and disintegration appeared in renal interstitial tissue. Spleen tissue was filled with a large proportion of red blood cells. No granuloma was found in other internal organs. Observation with Ziehl-Neelsen and submicroscopic structure confirmed that the bacteria growing in the tissues was proved to be Bacillus brevis. Therefore, a large number of granulomas emerged in liver, spleen, and kidney tissues because of pathogens infection, which led to numerous nodules in the organs. Eventually, organs showed dysfunction and exhaustion, then resulted in death of disabled fish.

Abstract:The new variety was bred to F₄,and the disease resistance traits have reached stability. F₄ was used as the experimental material,and TK and ORF72 were used as virus marker genes to analyze the expression of F₄,a resistant strain of Cyprinus herpesvirus (CyHV-3),in different stages of viral infection, to investigate the effect of F₄ on disease resistance and its virus expression pattern from the perspective of virus expression.The results showed that: The expression trends of spleen and kidney tissues of the two genes at different infection stages were consistent,with an upward trend from 24 h to 144 h and a downward trend from 144 h to 288 h.The spleen and kidney of the unselected group and the kidney of the selected group were significantly different at 144 h compared with other periods. The expression of both genes in spleen tissue was lower than that in kidney tissue.The two genes in the breeding group and the non-breeding group were significantly different between 96 h and 144 h,and the two genes in the breeding group were significantly different at 96 h and 144 h in the ORF72,and the other periods were significantly different. The expression levels of two genes in the breeding group were lower than those in the non-breeding group.The two genes in spleen tissue were significantly different from 96 h to 168 h,and the ORF72 was also significantly different at 192 h and 216 h;the two genes in kidney tissue were significantly different from 96 h to 168 h;ORF72 was also significantly different at 192 h.The above results show that the disease resistance of the selective group is stronger than that of the non-selected group,in which the kidney tissue has better disease resistance than the spleen,and the immune resistance of the selected kidney tissue is greatly improved.At present, no selective breeding of other fisher has reached a stable stage in disease resistance.This study can provide important guidance for other fishes in the study of viral expression.

Abstract:In order to know the nutrition demands of Litopenaeus vannamei during the middle stage of selective breeding preservation period, juvenile shrimps [(10.30±1.61) g/ind.] from the same breeding family were fed with two artificial diets [formula feed (ZD) or soft pellet feed (YW)] or two live diets [Sepia pharaonis (SP) or Perineresis aibuhitensis (PA)] for 60 days. The nutrition composition of these four diets was determined and the effects of different diets on the growth performance, survival rate and the expression levels of digestion and growth-related genes were evaluated. The results showed that: shrimps which were fed with PA had the highest specific growth rate and survival rate, followed by ZD, YW, and SP; expression levels of α-amylase d4 and trypsin in hepatopancreas of shrimps fed with artificial diets were significantly higher than those fed with live diets; the expression level of pancreatic lipase in shrimps fed with PA or YW was significantly higher than that of formula feed. Shrimps fed with SP had significantly lower expression level of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G (SNRPG) than others, whereas shrimps fed with live diets had significant higher expression level of y+L amino acid transporter 2 than those fed with artificial diets. the PA and SP had relatively higher amino acid evaluation scores, while ZD and PA possessed optimal fatty acid composition and content. In conclusion, PA and YW had the highest and lowest nutritional values, respectively; among the four diets, shrimps fed with PA had the best growth performance, and the expression patterns of digestion or growth-related genes were consistent with the nutrition composition (except trypsin) of the diets.

Abstract:The water quality identification index (WQI) evaluation method was used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of water quality in the Dishui Lake in Shanghai and the rivers into the lake from August 2018 to July 2019, and analyze the main factors affecting water quality. The results show that: the water quality of Dishui Lake and the rivers into the lake are spatially different; Wailian River, Zhonglian River, Neilian River and the mouth of the lake are “medium”, and the water quality of Dishui Lake area is “good”； The water quality in the Dishui Lake area has gradually improved. The water quality parameters that are significantly related to WQI include total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and water temperature; the main influencing factors of seasonal changes in water quality are water temperature and precipitation, and the main influencing factors of spatial changes are the quality of water diversion sources and human activity. According to the water quality characteristics and influencing factors of the region, the biological treatment method, the reconstruction of rainwater discharge pipelines, and the strengthening of monitoring of important indicators are proposed.

Abstract:In order to research pollution characteristics, sources and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the rural rivers around the Taihu Lake, water and sediment samples were collected from 10 stations in Yanweiwan Village, Huzhou City, a typical rural area around the Taihu Lake. The content and composition of 16 priority PAHs were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the survey area was at the medium to low PAHs pollution level and at the low risk, compared with other areas. According to the analysis of the distribution characteristics of PAHs pollution in water, the three sites with the highest mass concentration were the mixed areas of industrial and residential areas, respectively reaching 958.39 ng/L, 685.97 ng/L, 858.57 ng/L, and the PAHs were primarily composed of 2-3 rings. The results of characteristic ratio and principal component analysis indicated that PAHs mainly originated from combustion of straw and coal, and partly from oil pollution. The result of ecological risk assessment of sediments indicated that more than 80% of the area were considered risk-free,and a few areas maybe had a weak ecological risk, and serious ecological risk did not exist. The carcinogenic risk of the survey area was assessed by the carcinogenic equivalent mass concentration (TEQ). Results demonstrated that the industrial area and the garbage station had high potential carcinogenic risk, and the calculated mass concentration TEQ were 2.04 ng/m³ and 1.76 ng/m³ respectively.

Abstract:According to the purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) collected by light attracting falling-net in the South China Sea (SCS) in 2011-2015, the squid individual growth and mortality in the SCS were estimated by Fisat Ⅱ software. The results showed that there were no large individuals in the SCS, and females (12.05 cm) were larger than males (10.91 cm). Growth coefficient b of the squid ranged from 3.470 to 3.605 in the northern sea area and 3.379 to 3.773 in the southern sea area, and there was positive allometry. The growth parameter K indicates that the northern part of the SCS was suitable for the growth of males. The total mortality of the female (1.84) and male (1.76) squids had little difference and the development was relatively uniform in the southern sea area. The total mortality of female squids (0.60) was much less than that of males(4.83) in the northern sea area, so squids here were not fully developed. From the fishery resources development, fishery policies tend to develop the southern squid resources of the SCS, which makes the northern squid resources not fully developed, which is not conducive to the sustainable utilization of the purpleback flying squid resources in the SCS.

Abstract:According to the 356 Ommastrephes bartramii samples collected by Chinese jigging fleets in the north Pacific Ocean from July to October in 2012 (La Niña year in PDO cold phase),2015 (El Niño year in PDO warm phase) and 2016 (La Niña year in PDO warm phase). The statolith morphometrics by year and sex were analyzed, combined with the marine environment variation influence on the morphological variation of statolith. The results showed that significant differences of morphological variation of statolith were found by year and sex. The values of morphologic parameters of statolith in both cold (2012) and warm (2016) PDO phase of La Niña year were greater than those in El Niño year (2015). The result of principal component analysis indicated that total statolith length (TSL), wing length (WL), rostrum lateral dome length (RLL), maximum width (MW), wing width (WW) and rostrum width (RW) could be used as the characteristic parameters of statolith. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that significant correlation was found between TSL, WL, RLL and MW versus mantle length (ML), while no significant correlation was found between WW and RW versus ML by year and sex. According to the SST and Chl.a mass concentration on the fishing ground, higher SST and Chl.a mass concentration in suitable range corresponded larger size of statolith.

Abstract:The topological relationship between the fishing ground grids and the sea channel of the fishing vessels was used. A calculation method for the cumulative time and cruise of fishing vessel was designed. The cumulative time was 34.39 million hours. The total voyage is 255.12 million km.The fishing vessels in the provinces were mainly distributed in the fishing grounds near them. The fishing vessels in Liaoning Province have a narrow and long distribution from north to south. There are two centers for the distribution of fishing vessels in Shandong Province, one is Lianqingshi Fishing Ground and Haizhou Bay Fishing Ground in the East China Sea, and the other is Laizhou Bay Fishing Ground in the Bohai Sea. Fishing vessels in Zhejiang Province have one center. They are Yushan Fishing Ground and Zhoushan Fishing Ground. There are two centers in the distribution of fishing vessels in Guangxi, one is the North of Beibu Gulf fishing ground and the other is the Northwest of Nansha fishing ground. The cumulative time values of fishing vessels in Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang and Guangxi all show two valleys, one in February and the other from May to August. There are two peaks, one is from March to April, and the other is from September to November. The cumulative time of Liaoning and Shandong provinces is obviously lower than that of Zhejiang and Guangxi provinces from January to March. The fishing vessels in China are mainly small-sized, and the proportion of large and medium-sized fishing vessels is low. The fishing vessels in each province were mainly distributed in nearby fishing grounds. The cumulative time and voyage of fishing grounds in offshore waters are higher than those in distant waters. The accumulated time and voyage of fishing vessels in provinces, cities and fishing grounds were analyzed. The fishing grounds with higher cumulative value are mainly located in offshore waters. The data quantification and analysis methods and research results may provide valuable reference for China's fishery quota fishing management.Quantitative methods and statistical results can be used in fishery quota management.

Abstract:In order to understand the fish community structure and diversity in the section near the Yangtse River estuary, the temporal and spatial characteristics of fish community structure, dominant species, quantity and biomass were investigated in 2017. The results showed that 62 species of fishes were collected, belonging to 8 orders 17 families. In terms of the ecological types, omnivore fish, sedentary fish and demersal fish were dominant. In terms of fish catching specifications, small-sized fishes (<50 g) were dominant in quantity and species (67.77% and 37), and quantity of fishes with average mass less than 50 g was 59.68% and 37.59%.Analysis of the diversity index showed that: the range of Margalef index(D) was 3.73 to 6.26, Shannon-Wiener index(H') was 2.44 to 2.98, Simpson index(C) was 0.07 to 0.15 and Pielou index(E) was 0.64 to 0.76, and the average value of them was 5.03,2.62,0.12 and 0.73. As a whole, the community diversity index in spring and summer was higher than that in autumn and winter; the community diversity index in Changshu sampling site was higher than that in Nantong sampling site. Significant seasonal variations showed that fish quantity was highest in summer and lowest in winter. The clustering results showed that the fish community was divided into 2 groups when the similarity was 44.34%. Community differences are mainly due to the seasonal variation. The research supplemented the basic data of fish and provided a scientific basis for the assessment and protection of fishery resources in Yangtze River basin.

Abstract:Based on ovarian samples randomly collected from June to September 2017 and August to September 2018 in the western Bering Sea (60°28'N -61°57'N, 179°11'E -177°57'W), histological analysis was used to describe the development stages of the oocytes and ovaries of walleye pollock.The results showed that oocytes in different phases occurred in the ovary of Walleye Pollock in the western Bering Sea. The oocytes of Walleye Pollock were divided into 9 developmental phases, and the ovary was divided into 5 developmental stages.There were no statistically significant correlations between ovarian development and fork length, net mass, ovarian mass and gonadosomatic index, respectively.The gonadosomatic index can not be considered as a good index for predicting the maturity of Walleye Pollock in the western Bering Sea.Most of sampled Walleye Pollock did not spawn during summer, the mature individuals did not ovulate frequently, and few individuals in the second and last stages of development were found in the samples.The present study provided biological information for the stock assessment and sustainable exploitation of Walleye Pollock resources in the western Bering Sea.

Abstract:Since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy, China’s fishery industry has made great achievements and made great contributions to world food security, social and economic development and other fields. It is an important research subject of fishery development in the new era to sum up the achievements made since the reform and opening-up 40 years ago, objectively analyze the industrial development and the structural evolution process, and forecast the development trend in the future. Based on the statistical data of China’s fishery production from 1978 to 2017 and the national fishery policy, this paper divides the different development stages, and analyzes the industrial structure of China’s fishery development in different stages by using the grey relation theory, several grey forecasting models GM (1,1) were established and the optimal model was used to forecast the fishery output of in the 14th five-year plan in China. We think that China’s fishery development can be divided into five stages in the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, namely, recovery development period (1978-1984), rapid development period (1985-1994), expansion development period (1995-2005), steady development period (2006-2011) and transition development period (2012-). It is estimated that during the 14th five-year plan period, China’s total fishery output will be kept at 66-71 million tons, including 10-10.8 million tons for offshore fishing and 21.2-23.7 million tons for mariculture. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s fishery industry has adhered to the concept of harmonious development of ecology and fishery, established the dominant position of the vast majority of fishermen, and formulated industrial policies that match the different stages of development. The management system adapted to the present situation of the industry has been established, and new and emerging technologies adapted to the needs of the industry have been developed. At the same time, some suggestions for the future development of high quality fishery in China are put forward.

Abstract:The effects of Maillard reaction products on microwave heating characteristics and volatile components of minced Antarctic krill were investigated to improve its heating characteristics and flavor. Dielectric properties (300-3 000 MHz), required energy barriers, and volatile components of lysine and glucose Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were measured at different microwave heating time (1, 3, and 5 min.). The effects of MRPs on the dielectric characteristics, heating characteristics (temperature curve and temperature distribution), surface color, and volatile components of minced Antarctic krill were measured. The results show that: microwave heating reduced the critical frequency of MRPs from 1.6 GHz to 1.2 GHz (5 min), the required energy barrier was (6.73±0.10)×10^-21 J, the dielectric constant corresponding to the critical frequency decreases significantly, and the dielectric loss increased significantly. At the frequency of 2 450 MHz, the dielectric loss of minced krill with MRPs increased significantly. The penetration depth did not change significantly, temperature history increased, which could increased the heating rate of minced krill. The MRPs deepened the color of minced krill, and with the microwave heating time increasing, the color difference (ΔE) of minced krill before and after microwave heating decrease. The addition of MRPs increased the aromatic and ester compounds of minced krill by two kinds, and the absolute content increased 12 and 6 times respectively. MRPs could effectively increase the microwave heating rate of minced Antarctic krill and enrich the flavor.

Abstract:In order to explore the effect of temperature fluctuations on the texture of shellfish muscle, the commercial quick-frozen abalone was selected as the research object, and the texture, water-holding, field nuclear magnetic resonance and protein oxidation of 5 times of freeze-thaw cycles were determined. The results showed that the stiffness, elasticity, and chewiness of the muscles decreased significantly with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, which decreased to 11.21%, 3.03%, and 10.04% of the original values respectively after 5 cycles. On the contrary, the shear force increased significantly. The water retention studies found that the thawing loss, and cooking loss of muscles increased significantly from 2.28%, 16.09% and 38.51% to 10.50%, 28.53% and 43.67%, respectively. LF-NMR showed that the bound water was hardly affected during the freeze-thaw cycles and the relaxation times T₂₂ and T₂₃ of the immobilized water and free water shifted significantly to the right, and the corresponding peak area ratio P₂₂ significantly increased and P₂₃ significantly decreased. Changes in protein structure and function have an adverse effect on muscle texture. It was found that hydrophobicity increased first and then decreased, and carbonyl content decreased significantly while active sulfhydryl content increased significantly during the freeze-thaw cycles. The study has shown that the freeze-thaw cycle can damage the muscle texture of abalone, causing poor texture and lowering the value of the commodity, eventually affecting consumer acceptability.

Abstract:IUU (Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated) fishing is an issue of concern to the international community, especially in the high seas. Regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) are very well aware of the harm of IUU fishing activities in their convention areas, and have developed IUU fishing vessel list for conservational and managerial measures. This paper focuses on the implementation of conservation and management measures, and analyses IUU fishing definition, and expounds the evolution of IUU fishing vessel list formulated by 13 RFMOs in the world. The paper also makes a systematic comparative analysis of IUU fishing vessel list from two main aspects:IUU fishing vessel list formulation process, and measures taken to reduce IUU by parties and cooperative nonparties. RFMOs have two characteristics in formulating and implementing IUU fishing list:one is to substantially push forward the international community's efforts to combat IUU fishing; and the other is to develop an important cooperative environment for RFMOs to comprehensively combat IUU fishing. However, due to the different interests and positions of the members of RFMOs; the different time and backgrounds of the establishment of RFMOs and the different waters and fisheries under its jurisdiction; there exist the differences in the content and implementation of the conservation and management measures for IUU fishing vessel list, resulting in its limited binding force, insufficient enforcement, and difficulties to evaluate the implementation effect. Therefore, for the conservation and management measures of IUU fishing vessel list to be effective:the necessity to expand the scope of IUU fishing vessel list formulation and implementation must be considered on one hand, while on the other hand, the necessity to strengthen the cooperation between RFMOs in order to eliminate IUU fishing activities must as well be implemented.

Abstract:IUU (Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated) fishing is an issue of concern to the international community, especially in the high seas. Regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) are very well aware of the harm of IUU fishing activities in their convention areas, and have developed IUU fishing vessel list for conservational and managerial measures. This paper focuses on the implementation of conservation and management measures, and analyses IUU fishing definition, and expounds the evolution of IUU fishing vessel list formulated by 13 RFMOs in the world. The paper also makes a systematic comparative analysis of IUU fishing vessel list from two main aspects: IUU fishing vessel list formulation process, and measures taken to reduce IUU by parties and cooperative nonparties. RFMOs have two characteristics in formulating and implementing IUU fishing list: one is to substantially push forward the international community's efforts to combat IUU fishing; and the other is to develop an important cooperative environment for RFMOs to comprehensively combat IUU fishing. However, due to the different interests and positions of the members of RFMOs; the different time and backgrounds of the establishment of RFMOs and the different waters and fisheries under its jurisdiction; there exist the differences in the content and implementation of the conservation and management measures for IUU fishing vessel list, resulting in its limited binding force, insufficient enforcement, and difficulties to evaluate the implementation effect. Therefore, for the conservation and management measures of IUU fishing vessel list to be effective: the necessity to expand the scope of IUU fishing vessel list formulation and implementation must be considered on one hand, while on the other hand, the necessity to strengthen the cooperation between RFMOs in order to eliminate IUU fishing activities must as well be implemented.

Abstract:Marine culture is an important area in marine scientific research. In order to fully grasp the current status and hotspots of marine culture research in China, we have thoroughly investigated the academic journal articles in CSSCI(Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index), Peking University Core Journals, journals of humanities and social science edition in China’s main marine universities, and Chinese Marine Sociology Research between 1998 and 2019. Bibliometric methods and statistical analysis were applied to research on the growth trends, the distribution, the institutions, the research contents and the topics of the 594 articles related to marine culture. The results show that although the number of the research literature is small, there is a steady development; the relevant high-quality literature has been mainly published in academic journals such as journals of oceanography, aquaculture, humanities and sociology; the scholars are mainly from domestic marine universities and research institutes. Current marine culture research focuses on hot issues such as marine cultural industries, marine consciousness and marine economy, which has formed five major research themes: fostering marine awareness and building a harmonious marine culture; promoting the development of the marine industry depending on marine resources; vigorously developing the marine cultural industry by integrating marine cultural resources; establishing regional marine culture based on local characteristics; and realizing the renaissance of marine culture by protecting and inheriting marine cultural heritage. In the future, marine culture research should be intensified, and than we advise multidisciplinary interaction and exchanges in the academic circle be carried out and more research methods be applied to make the marine culture research a fundamental study to build China into a maritime power.