Abstract:Water quality analysis and virus detection was carried out in a shrimp breeding cooperative in Fengxian District, Shanghai in order to understand the correlation between water quality and diseases occurrence of Litopenaeus vannamei. Combined with situation of disease occurrence, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to figure out the difference of water quality with in same period among healthy group, virus carrying group and diseased group, and find those water quality factors that contributed most to the differences among three kinds of groups.In this research, shrimp hemocyte iridescent virus was detected in some shrimp samples and the results showed that: (1) Obvious water quality difference existed between diseased group and healthy group, also between diseased group and virus carrying group. While no obvious difference was found between healthy group and virus carrying group without disease out breaking. (2)The correlation degreefrom high to low between water quality factors and the occurrence of shrimp disease is total nitrogen > water temperature > total phosphorus > dissolved oxygen.(3) Mechanical operations such as diversion might cause stress response of shrimp and then induce disease. (4) Shrimp of “virus carrying & healthy group” was cultured in green house and water temperature was kept around 30 ℃, even if shrimp hemocyte iridescent virus was found, cultured shrimpcould grow normally; But when shrimp was transferred to lower temperature ponds, disease broke out.So water quality including temperature, etc., should be paid attention during the breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei and unnecessary mechanical operation activities should be avoided.

Abstract:At present, the methods of fixed monitoring points are adopted in water quality monitoring in China. The number of monitoring points is limited, the manufacturing cost is high, the amount of data is relatively small and the data visualization is a bit weak. An environmental detection system for culture water was designed in order to strengthen the management of aquaculture water environment and accelerate the development of intelligent fishery. A variety of water quality monitoring sensors are installed with bionic aircrafts with bionic features, taking advantage of the multi-frequency harmonic synthesis motion with traversal and non-intersecting nature to plan path dynamically and to conduct tests of various water environment elements such as temperature and pH in fish ponds. After that, the collected data will be stored in the main processor and subsequently will be transmitted to the host computer through a digital communication system. Then using MATLAB to process data interpolation, and obtain a three-dimensional slice diagram of the numerical distribution of the elements detected in the target fish pond. The overall distribution of the detection features is mastered by the slice diagram, and the highest or lowest area of the feature value is selected according to the type of feature. It has been proved that this detection system can be applied to the monitoring of water environment factors in ordinary aquaculture fish ponds, so as to provide auxiliary decision-making and data support for relevant departments.

Abstract:China is the world's largest aquaculture producer and has made important contributions to global food security and nutrient supply. In the new stage of social development, China's aquaculture needs to address complex and sensitive issues related to food security, poverty alleviation and employment, food safety, and environmental protection in order to achieve more sustainable development. The present study reviews the development trends since 2000, existing problems and development directions of aquaculture in China. China's aquaculture industry has achieved continuous development since 2000, and the level of intensification and diversification has been continuously improved, some traditional farming systems have gradually disappeared, and new farming techniques and models have emerged. The changes and development of aquaculture in China have responded to society's changing needs of the aquaculture industry. However, China's aquaculture still faces difficulties around ecological environment protection, technology level improvement, product supply structure, smallholder producer and policy risks. With the continuous transforming and upgrading of China's social and economic levels since the reform and opening, the primary focus of the development of aquaculture has gradually shifted from providing food to providing employment and economic development, and then to environmental protection and food safety recently. China's aquaculture industry needs to make full use of the latest equipment technology, information technology, genetic breeding technology, nutrient and disease prevention technology to promote the development of aquaculture, strive to increase the scale and organization levels, promote synergistically development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, and move towards internationalization and sustainable development gradually.

Abstract:In order to explore the accumulation characteristics of elements in tissues and organs including brain, heart, liver, lung, kidney, stomach, intestine, testicle, muscle and skin of a dead Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis), which was found in AnQing section of Yangtze River on September 12, 2017, we investigated the concentration of 12 elements(K, Ca, Na, Mg, Co, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, As) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES).The results show that elements exhibit differential accumulation characteristics in different tissues and organs, which are similar to the accumulation characteristics in aquatic mammals. These cumulative features may be related to the specific functions of tissues and organs. The accumulation rule of the constant elements and trace elements in the cetacean is the same: Na > K > Ca > Fe > Mg > Zn > Cu > Co, and there is no significant difference due to the change of environmental conditions. Additionally, the content of toxic elements Pb and As in various tissues and organs of AQJT20170912 is relatively high, which may be related to the element background of the habitat environment and should be paid attention to.

Abstract:By investigating the contents of five heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, and As in the water body of the Yangtze River Estuary area from 2004 to 2017, the change trends and influencing factors of water heavy metal contents in the three areas of Beizhi, Nanzhi Beigang and Beigang Beisha were analyzed and the contents of heavy metals were predicted in the next few years. The results show that Cu and Pb showed a downward trend as a whole from 2011 to 2017, and the decline rate was lower than that from 2004 to 2008. Zn and As were in a stable downward trend from 2011 to 2017. The downward trend of Hg is small, and five heavy metals increased in 2011 and 2015 when pollutant emissions increased, and regions with larger runoffs experienced larger increases; Analyzing the influencing factors, it is concluded that due to the high content of heavy metals in the early water body, the effectiveness of the treatment investment is greater than the impact of pollutant discharge. Therefore, the contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, and As from 2004 to 2008 were significantly negatively correlated with the environmental treatment investment, and the correlation with the amount of discharge is not significant; After the heavy metal content was controlled to a low level, the difficulty of governance increased and the effectiveness was weakened. Pollutant emissions became the main influencing factor for the control of heavy metal content. Therefore, the correlation between heavy metal content and environmental governance investment from 2011 to 2017 was not significant, and there is a significant positive correlation with the amount of discharge; Due to the differences in salinity and runoff in the three regions of the Yangtze River Estuary, ARIMA model was used to predict the heavy metals in different regions, and the heavy metal content in the water bodies of the three regions at the mouth of the Yangtze River Estuary from 2020 to 2022 was predicted to be low and the change trend is relatively stable, the model has a high accuracy, the error is between 5.19% and 11.82%. The regional prediction can highlight the heavy metal content and change characteristics of different regions, the prediction results are more targeted, and can be used for future governance .

Abstract:Macrozoobenthos was monthly sampled at 5 stations of Mingzhu Lake in Chongming Island of Shanghai, China from March, 2017 to December, 2018. The temporal and spatial variations of the structural characteristics of macroinvertebrate community and its relationship with environmental factors were studied. A total of 25 species were collected, and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Chironomus plumosus, Tanypus chinensis dominated the community. The three dominant species contributed 80.4% to the density and 72.8% to the biomass of the community. There were no significant differences in species composition of the community between seasons and among stations. The density and biomass were 1116.8 ind./m² and 3.53 g/m², respectively. The density did not differ yearly, seasonally and spatially, and the biomass differed only seasonally. The spatial rather than yearly and seasonal differences in Shannon diversity (H'), evenness (J) and dominance (λ) indices were observed, and no spatial and temporal variations in richness (R) index were found. The biomass was significantly and positively correlated to nitrite nitrogen (NO₂-N) and permanganate index (COD_Mn). The H' and R were significantly and negatively correlated to water depth (WD) and COD_Mn, and the λ was significantly and positively correlated to WD and COD_Mn. Significantly negative relationship between J and WD and positive one between density and WD were found. The H' indicated that Mingzhu Lake was moderately polluted, and its pollution level has not changed significantly from 10 years ago to now.

Abstract:Dongfeng Xisha Reservoir, located in the west side of Chongming Island, is the second largest source of drinking water in Shanghai. In order to understand the pollution of heavy metals in surface sediments, the particle size of surface sediment samples collected from 10 sections of the reservoir in 2019 was analyzed, the contents and potential ecological risk of nine heave metal elements were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the average content of sand, silt and clay were 46.29%,42.63% and 11.08%, and on the whole, the surface sediment of the reservoir is fine sand sediment. The average contents of Hg, Cd, As, Ni, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Mn were 0.02,0.68,11.30,13.07,18.51,27.73,62.18,82.29,488.66 mg/kg. Only the average contents of Cd and As were 5.23 and 1.24 times the Shanghai soil background value, and the others were below this background value. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the sources of heavy metals in surface sediments were similar and the particle sizes played an important role in the distribution of Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb; industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater and domestic sewage were the probable sources by the method of principal component analysis (PCA). The result of Geo-accumulation index showed that Cd was the main pollution element, which was generally at a moderate pollution level, while the other 8 elements were at a clean pollution level. Potential ecological risk assessment showed Cd was the main ecological risk contribution factor, which is at a strong ecological hazard level, and the other 8 elements were at a slight ecological hazard level. The reservoir is generally at a moderate ecological risk level.

Abstract:In order to explore the ecological environment of the sea area near the Acipenser sinensis reserve in the Yangtze River Estuary, the seasonal variation and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal elements in surface seawater and sediments were analyzed. The comprehensive pollution index method and potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution degree and ecological risk grade. The results showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn in seawater in 2018 was 3.852 μg/L, 1.948 μg/L, 6.362 μg/L, 4.542 μg/L, 0.294 μg/L, 6.201 μg/L, 44.56 μg/L, and Hg, Cu, Pb and Zn all exceeded national first-class seawater quality standards; the average concentration of heavy metals Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn in the sediment is 0.339 mg/kg, 14.815 mg/kg, 5.055 mg/kg, 3.436 mg/kg, 0.133 mg/kg, 12.667 mg/kg, 75.578 mg/kg, only Hg exceeded the quality standards of the first category of marine sediments. The concentrations of heavy metals in the surface seawater are higher in spring and summer, and higher in the sediments in autumn and winter, which is mainly related to the seasonal variation of runoff into the sea.The spatial distribution showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the core area of the Acipenser sinensis reserve was higher, and the Hg, As and Zn elements had an obvious enrichment trend. The comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals in seawater is greater than 5, which is at a serious pollution level, while the comprehensive pollution index of sediments is less than 5, which is at a low pollution level. The potential ecological risk coefficients of seven heavy metals are Hg > Cd > As > Cu > Zn >Pb> Cr. Except that Hg is at a very strong level of ecological risk, the other elements are at a low level of ecological risk. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index of heavy metals is at a strong level of risk.

Abstract:The phytoplankton samples were seasonally collected from 11 suburb rivers for leisure situated in green belt around City of Shanghai in 2017. The effects of submerged macrophyte on the structural characteristics of phytoplankton community and its relationship with environmental factors were analyzed. A total of 143 species belonging to 8 phyla and 83 genera were identified and the density and biomass averaged (17.10±0.64)×10⁶ ind/L and (3.28±0.58) mg/L, with the maximam density for blue-green algae (Cyanophyta) and biomass for diatom (Bacillariophyta). The species composition of phytoplankton community of rivers with submerged macrophyte (WSM) significantly differed from those without submerged macrophyte (NWSM). The two clusters were seperated by indicator species of Merismopedia tenuissima, Oscillatoria sp., and Chroomonas acuta, with characteristic species of M. tenuissima, Oscillatoria sp. for the cluster NWSM and C. acuta for the cluster WSM. The density (P<0.001), biomass (P<0.01) and species richness index (R, P<0.001) for the cluster of WSM were significantly lower than those for the cluster of NWSM. The two clusters significantly differed in Shannon's species diversity index (H'), but did not in evenness index (J), with season×cluster interactions for those two indices. The density of phytoplankton community was significantly correlated with five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD_Mn), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), and its biomass conspicuously did with BOD₅ and TN. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that BOD₅ and the presence of submerged macrophyte were the key environmental factors responsible for spatial distribution of phytoplankton species. The higher density of the most main species included in RDA, such as M. tenuissima, Oscillatoria sp, Pseudanabaena sp., Chlorella vulgaris and Melosira sp.，occurred in rivers with the higher concentration of BOD₅ and absence of submerged macrophyte, while there was a trend of the higher density of C. acuta at rivers with the presence of submerged macrophyte. Based on the comprehensive trophic level index (TLI), indictor species method, R, and H',the rivers were considered to be moderately polluted and eutrophicated. The R and H' are more suitable to assess the water quality of the rivers without and with submerged macrophyte, respectively.

Abstract:As a staggered zone of land and sea system, the ecological function of coastal wetland is increasingly significant.However, in recent years, in order to maintain the rapid economic development, developed coastal cities have carried out large-scale reclamation and development, which has seriously compressed the ecological space of coastal zone. Taking the Dongtan wetland in Nanhui, Shanghai as the research object, Landsat remote sensing images were taken from 4 issues in 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018, and based on the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)to monitor and evaluate the ecological pattern of the research area in an objective，quantitative and visual way. Results show:(1)The mean of RSEI in 2000，2006，2012 and 2018 is 0.295, 0.227, 0.405 and 0.489. After the classification treatment, it was found that the ecological environment quality in the study area rose from “poor”to “good”, and both “excellent”and “better” increased, which shows the ecological environment quality of the Dongtan wetland was slightly improved.(2)According to the image differencing method of RSEI between 2000 and 2018, the area proportion of the eco-environmental status in the study area of “degradation”,“no change”and“improved”is 12.41%,53.32% and 34.27%, and main body is“nochange”.(3)The RSEI has suitability to Dongtan wetland. Through the visual expression of the change of ecological pattern, the ecological evolution process of urban coastal wetland can be better revealed, and avoid some ecological risks，to achieve sustainable development of cities and scientific management.

Abstract:Jinshan City Beach is an artificial lagoon in Hangzhou Bay of the East China Sea, which is the first coast national AAAA level scenic spot in Shanghai. In order to control the water quality of Jinshan City Beach based on the complex physical oceanographic properties of lagoons, ecological restoration has been carried out in recent years. From 2016 to 2018, the relationship between phytoplankton community succession and environmental factors in this artificial lagoon was investigated for three consecutive summers. The results showed that the number of phytoplankton species increased in summer from 2016 to 2018(109 species of 7 phyla), the species of Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta were dominant. A total of 13 dominant genera were found. The more dominant genera were Microcystis, Trachelomonas, Melosira and Cyclotella. Among them, Microcystis was the most dominant genus in summer, the overlap of other dominant genera was small. From 2016 to 2018, the abundance of phytoplankton varies greatly, ranging from 50.78×10⁴-5 957.52×10⁴ cells/L, 5.35×10⁴-25.67×10⁴ cells/L to 474.87×10⁴-1026.94×10⁴ cells/L respectively, of which Microcystis abundance was the largest, accounting for 97.88%, 68.18%, and 77.23%, respectively. During the survey, the diversity index (H') and evenness index (J') of phytoplankton increased and then decreased, but generally showed an upward trend, while the dominance of the first dominant genus generally decreased, which indicated that after ecological restoration, the phytoplankton community in Jinshan artificial lagoon was in a positive succession, and the ecological risk tended to decrease. RDA result showed that total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonium, nitrite, soluble reactive phosphorus and silicate were important environmental factors affecting phytoplankton community. Among them, silicate, nitrite, ammonium and soluble reactive phosphorus are more relevant to the phytoplankton community of the lagoon.

Abstract:The effects of influent pH, influent concentration and operating pressure on reverse osmosis membrane fouling were investigated by simulating waste water containing high concentration aluminum, with the help of membrane surface morphological and elemental analysis. A dense inorganic fouling layer was formed on the surface of reverse osmosis membrane. Among the three factors investigated, the influent pH has the most significant effect on membrane fouling. When the influent pH is neutral, the membrane flux is the lowest, as well as the salt rejection is the highest. SEM graphs and EDS analysis showed that the content of aluminum in the membrane foulant was the highest,indicating that the most serious fouling. When the acid water enters, the content of Al in the fouling layer on the film surface is lower than that of alkaline water，which means the membrane fouling is the lowest.Under the same influential pH, the effect of residual aluminum concentration on the formation of fouling layer is more significant, while the effect of operating pressure is not. As for practical process，it is suggested that adjusting the pH of inlet water to alkaline, accurately controlling the addition of aluminum coagulant, maintaining appropriate operating pressure, are key factors to retard the membrane fouling caused by residual aluminum.

Abstract:To eliminate the influence of herbicides and heavy metals on the growth stress factors of submerged plants in the process of ecological restoration, glyphosate and copper were selected as targets.The harvested Myriophyllum verticillatum L. was carbonized at 450 ℃ for 2 hours to make biochar (HW450).The effect of HW450 on the adsorption effect of glyphosate, copper and other single pollutants in water under pH value, biochar dosage and other experimental conditions was studied.The interaction between glyphosate and copper in composite polluted water was investigated, and the optimal adsorption conditions of HW450 for glyphosate and copper composite pollution were optimized by response surface method.The results showed that the removal rate of copper and glyphosate increased with time from fast to slow and reached a balance after 48 hours.In the adsorption saturation range of biochar, the removal rate increased with the increase of solution concentration.In a suitable pH range, the removal rate of glyphosate and copper increased first and then decreased, and copper changed significantly compared with glyphosate.Increasing the amount of biochar can improve the removal rate of glyphosate and copper.In compound pollution,copper can promote the adsorption of glyphosate by HW450.The high concentration of glyphosate can inhibit the adsorption of low concentration of Cu²⁺, and the removal rate of high concentration of Cu²⁺ was less affected by the concentration of glyphosate.The response surface showed that the influence of the three factors on the removal rate was ranked as follows: HW450 dosage > Cu²⁺ concentration >pH value. Under the conditions of pH = 5.21, HW450 dosage = 0.06 g, Cu²⁺ concentration = 27.32 mg/L,the optimal adsorption effect of composite pollution can be obtained: the removal rate of glyphosate was 97.44%, and that of Cu²⁺ was 100%.

Abstract:In order to better understand the role, distribution, as well as possible sources of trace element in biogeochemical cycles in the Southern Ocean, surface seawater samples were collected from 44 survey stations on the west side of the Prydz Bay (62°S-67°S, 50°E-72°E).The concentration and distribution of trace elements, including As, Cu, Pb and Cd were determined and evaluated by AFS (Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry) and AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry).The results showed that the concentration of As, Cu, Pb, Cd were (3.520±0.184)μg/L, (1.440±0.037)μg/L, (0.250±0.007)μg/L and (0.060±0.128)μg/L. The concentration of trace elements in the surface water of the western side of Prydz Bay was at a low level, and the concentration in this sea area did not change much. Moreover, the correlation and significance of chlorophyll and salinity with copper, cadmium, arsenic and lead were not obvious and varied. In addition, the main source of trace elements on the west side of Prydz Bay was closely related to the melting of snow and ice, the transport of atmospheric particles and trace particles carried by the continent, the increase of human activities and the distribution and uptake of phytoplankton.