Abstract:Simple Sequence Repeat(SSR)and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were applied to measure the genetic variation and genetic structure of the selected stock (SH) and wild population (YS) of Takifugu flavidus. Results of SSR showed that a total of 146 alleles were detected among 60 individuals with 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci, and the mean of expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphism information content (PIC) of two populations ranged from 0.730 0 to 0.832 3 and from 0.705 1 to 0.813 6, respectively. The analysis of ISSR showed that the average Nei's gene diversity index (H) of selected stock and wild population were 0.267 2 and 0.282 3, respectively, while the average Shannon information index (I) of two populations were 0.407 2 and 0.425 6, respectively. These results showed that the genetic variation of wild population was higher than that of the selected population of Takifugu flavidus. Additionally, genetic differentiation coefficient (F_ST) value between the two populations of Takifugu flavidus were 0.061 9 (SSR) and 0.061 5 (ISSR), which indicated that two populations generated moderate genetic differentiation. These results above indicated that the selective breeding stock of Takifugu flavidus still possessed abundant genetic variation at population level, and had great potential for artificial selection and breeding.

Abstract:In this study, sub-chronic toxicological experiments were carried out on the growth and feeding of Litopenaeus vannamei by three groups of two environment factors, including ammonia-nitrogen (0, 5, 10 mg/L) with nitrite-nitrogen (0, 5, 10 mg/L), nitrite-N (0, 5, 10 mg/L) with salinities (5, 15, 25), and ammonia-N (0, 5, 10 mg/L) with pH (7.6, 8.2, 8.8). After 7 days of continuous culture, the growth and feed intake parameters all decreased with nitrite-N and ammonia-N concentration (P<0.05). Compared with control treatment, the specific growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion rate decreased by 18.31%, 14.68% and 17.49% at highest concentration of ammonia-N and nitrite-N, respectively. In the culture with ammonia-N as exclusive N source addition, the parameters of pH 7.6 and pH 8.8 were significantly lower than those of pH 7.6 (P<0.05). Furthermore, the survival rate of pH 8.8 was lower than those of pH 7.6 and pH 8.2 (P<0.05), and all individuals died on the second day in the pH 8.8 and 10 mg/L ammonia-N treatment, suggesting that high pH value would enhance the negative effects induced by ammonia-N to L. vannamei. In the culture with nitrite-N as exclusive N source addition, the salinity had no influence on feed intake (P>0.05), but had significant effects on the specific growth rate and feed conversion (P<0.05). When concentration of nitrite-N reached 10 mg/L, the specific growth rate, feed conversion and survival rate of both salinity 15 and salinity 25 were higher than those of salinity 5 (P<0.05). The result showed that high salinity could alleviate the inhibition of nitrite-N on growth, while high pH value would exacerbate the toxicity of ammonia-N to L. vannamei.

Abstract:Shellfish culture as a part of carbon sink fishery is doubtful. In order to explain the carbon sink function and identify the carbon source of shellfish, the carbon sources of three culture-bivalve were analyzed by using stable carbon isotope technique. The results showed that:the δ¹³C of the three culture-bivalve shells ranged from -6.9‰ to -6.3‰, the δ¹³C of soft tissue ranged from -23.2‰ to -21.9‰, and the enrichment degree of δ¹³C for shell and soft tissue was negatively correlated. The main carbon source of three culture-bivalve shells was dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), followed by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the total contribution rate was above 86%. The major carbon source of soft tissue in three culture-bivalve was suspended solids, followed by sediments, with the total contribution rate of more than 94%. The shell and soft tissue of culture-bivalve showed extremely significant different selection in carbon source. Sediment was not the main source of carbon in culture-bivalve shells, most of the carbon converted into shells comes from the seawater DIC, which reduced the concentration of DIC in seawater, and promoted the CO₂ in the atmosphere transfer to seawater.This plays a role of indirect carbon fixation. Shellfish aquaculture fishery has obvious function of carbon sequestration.

Abstract:In the production practice, it is important to detect the feeding behavior of fish for feeding control. Taking Cyprinuscarpiospeculari as an experimental object, this paper employs computer vision technology to detect feeding behavior by using shape and texture information of fish in the process of feeding.Firstly, the image is subtracted, grayed out, binarized and so on, and the image shape and texture information are obtained. Then, the feeding behavior of fish is classified by BP neural network. Compared with the single texture-based detection method, this method can not only analyze the interference of the unfavorable factors such as surface vibration, spray,and other adverse factors, but also consider the shape information of the image and improve the accuracy of the detection. The results show that the correct recognition rate of this method is 98.0%, which can be used to guide the precise feeding control in aquaculture.

Abstract:This study was conducted to investigate the effects of families (G♂×S♀, S♂×S♀) and feed protein contents (37%, 40%) on growth performance and hepatic expression IGF-I of juvenile yellow catfish. Fish were fed for 60 days in 3 reduplications. Results:the final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and the hepatic IGF-I expression were significantly affected by families and dietary protein contents (P<0.05). There was not interaction between the two factors in these indexes. P40/(G♂×S♀) group obtained the maximum final weight, weight gain rate and the highest hepatic IGF-I expression level. The results showed that juvenile yellow catfish achieved better breeding effect through family breeding and feed protein nutrition regulation. G♂×S♀)in high protein diet feeding gained the best growth performance.

Abstract:In order to develop the potential of Dictyosphaerium sp. 1A10 in food and feed, the nutrient components and hydroxyl radicals scavenging capacity of Dictyosphaerium sp. 1A10 were analyzed. The results showed that Dictyosphaerium sp. 1A10 was rich in carbohydrates (19.15%), grease (24.56%), ash (12.43%), fiber (12.31%) and protein(18.55%). Simultaneously, the energy of Dictyosphaerium sp. 1A10 was 371 kcal. In addition, the contents of linoleic (15.3%) and linolenic (8.5%) among fatty acids were high, and there were 18 kinds of amino acids in Dictyosphaerium sp. 1A10, which took up 10.16% of dry microalgae. And the content of essential amino acids accounted for 3.2% of that of total amino acid, which proved to be high in score of ratio coefficient of amino acid (SRCAA). Also 8 kinds of essential amino acids were detected which took up 3.2% and were attested to be high in score of ratio coefficient of amino acid (SRCAA).Meanwhile, the contents of VB₁ (2.15 mg/100 g), VB₃ (6.25 mg/100 g), VB₆ (1.31 mg/100 g), VA (2.37 mg/100 g) and VE (5.28 mg/100 g) were the highest among the 7 kinds of vitamins detected. Besides, magnesium (3 517.26 mg/kg), calcium (813.27 mg/kg), iron (301.78 mg/kg) and potassium (9 426.87 mg/kg) were also the highest among mineral elements. In this study,electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique was used to investigate the scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals of Dictyosphaerium sp. 1A10, and the scavenging rate was 62.62%.To conclude, Dictyosphaerium sp. 1A10 has the potential of developing as food and feed. Furthermore, Dictyosphaerium sp. 1A10 had a strong scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals detected by electron paramagnetic resonance, and the scavenging rate was 62.62%. Dictyosphaerium sp. 1A10 has the potential of developing as food and feed.

Abstract:Carotenoid pigments are responsible for many color hues in fishes. Fishes cannot synthesize carotenoids endogenously, but dietary carotenoids were derived from food. Carotenoid-based coloration is influenced by pigments in diet, chromatophore and the interaction of cells. Much less is known about the mechnisms of carotenoid-based coloration in fishes, particularly in the understanding of carotenoid metabolism pathways and the molecular basis of carotenoid coloration. In this paper, the correlations of genetic basis, physiological condition and environmental factors with carotenoid pigmentation in fishes were examined. Furthermore, molecular basis regarding the coloration process was reviewed. Gaps in our knowledge are discussed in the last part of this review. It is expected to provide some useful information for conducting similar research in China.

Abstract:This study was designed to explore nutritional characteristics of the digestion speed and digestibility of spirulina and the enteral nutrition preparation of spirulina. The amino acid analysis method was used to measure the amino acid content and composition of spirulina and the enteral nutrition preparation of spirulina, and calculate the amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS). The kjeldahl was used to measure the nitrogen release quantity and calculate the digestion rate of spirulina and the enteral nutrition preparation of spirulina after simulated gastric and simulated intestinal digestion in vitro. The results show that:18 kinds of amino acids which the human body needs are contained in spirulina and the enteral nutrition preparation of spirulina A,B,C,8 kinds essential amino acids composition is reasonable; The total amino acids content of the enteral nutrition preparation of spirulina A,B,C are 61%, 18.25%, 18.24%, 18.25%. The highest detectable amount of essential amino acids for spirulina and enteral nutrition preparation of spirulina A,B,C are 207.6 mg/100 mL、66.8 mg/100 mL、62.4 mg/100 mL、64.2 mg/100 mL, which account for 84%,94%,89%,92% of the total amino acid content of the original material, respectively.The released nitrogen of spirulina is slower than the enteral nutrition preparation of spirulina A,B,C,the enteral nutrition preparation of spirulina C is slower than spirulina A and B, the released nitrogen of spirulina and the enteral nutrition preparation of spirulina A,B,C after gastrointestinal digestion is (88.09%±0.98%)-(92.24%±1.87%), and there was no significant difference in spirulina enteral nutrition,but there was significant difference between spirulina and spirulina enteral nutrition preparation. In conclusion,the composition of spirulina enteral nutrition preparation is reasonable, the rate of vitro digestion is stable, spirulina and the enteral nutrition preparation of spirulina are good raw materials and preparation of enteral nutrition support.

Abstract:We studied the effects of different temperatures, light intensity, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the absorption of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pH-improving rate of Sargassum vachellianum. The results showed that:1) Temperature and light intensity all had a significant effect on the DIC sequestration and pH-improving capability of S.vachellianum (P<0.05). S.vachellianum shows the highest DIC sequestration[82.14 μmol/(g·h)] and pH-improving capability[0.138/(g·h)] when cultured at 20℃ and at a light intensity of 60 μmol/(m²·s). When the environmental conditions are below or above this threshold, the DIC sequestration and pH-improving capability of S. vachellianum appeared different degree reduction. 2) N and P enrichment could dramatically increase the DIC sequestration and pH-improving capability of S.vachellianum (P <0.05). The HNP group had significantly higher DIC sequestration and pH-improving capability than that of LNP group (P<0.05), and the addition of N and P showed strong complementary effects on improving the DIC absorption and pH-improving rate of S.vachellianum. The results could provide theoretical basis for the bioremediation and acidification mitigation by S.vachellianum cultivation in coastal eutrophication waters.

Abstract:The efficiency of the adhesion and growth of Ulva Prolifera in 3 kinds of ropes with different materials and 5 different coatings was studied in the methods of outdoor simulation experiments.The results showed that the density and length of green tide algae seedlings on the 3 kinds of ropes increased as time went on, and around 4 weeks, the density of fixation reached the maximum, and then showed a downward trend.From the material point of view, the average growth length of green algae seedlings on polypropylene rope was slightly longer than those of other 2 kinds of materials.The selected coatings can effectively inhibit the germination and growth of green tide algae. The coated ropes fixed number of green tide algae seedlings and growth length were significantly lower than the control group.The organic fluorine coating had the best effect on preventing.

Abstract:The study analyzed the features of some community structure, and evaluated ecological environmental quality of macrozoobenthos with Shannon-Wienener(H') diversity index, multivariate AMBI index and M-AMBI index according to the sample and environmental material of macrozoobenthos that were collected in offshore area of Northern Fujian in spring in 2016.The results showed it appeared 8 categories and 62 species of macrozoobenthos totally.The species composition was subject to annelid worm(34 species) and mollusc(10 species).The dominant species were Turritella bacillum,Sternaspis scutata,Aglaophamus dibranchis,Protankyra bidentata. Species and densty of macrozoobenthos were low, and miniaturization and low quality appeared. The level of ecological community was subject to sensitive species(EGⅠ), inertia species(EGⅡ), tolerance species(EGⅢ)and the second opportunity species(EGⅣ) of macrozoobenthos. Bottom-dwelling environment was an important factor to affected the ecological quality and community structure of macrozoobenthos.According to the evaluating result of H', AMBI and M-AMBI,diversified index of macrozoobenthos in offshore area of Northern Fujian is low, and environmental quality were in good, medium and weak status, and the evaluating results of these three indexes to macrozoobenthos in offshore area of Northern Fujian were not accordance completely.According to the investigation data and features of community structure, the rationality of the evaluating result of H' and M-AMBI index was higher than AMBI index.

Abstract:To clarify the amount changes of fish larvae during flood and ebb in the south branch of Yangtze River Estuary, 8 stations were set in the south branch of Yangtze River Estuary, and the trawling was performed in the surface monthly by a larval net (1.3 m mouth-diameter,mesh 0.5 mm)during March 2015 to March 2016. A total of 74 689 individuals were collected in the 171 trawls, belonging to 39 species, 12 families. The richness during May to September is higher, while the richness is higher in the flood tide than the ebb tide. The species number during June to July is the highest, the density of fish larvae is the highest in July. Hemiculter bleekeri(53.4%) is the dominant species, followed by Rhinogobius giurinus(12.65%), Culter alburnus(8.38%),Parabramis pekinensis(7.18%),Mylopharyngodon piceus(6.55%),Salanx ariakensis(4.63%). In the throughout flood and ebb tide survey, 39 species were collected at flood tide, while 23 species in the ebb. The species number is higher at flood tide in each month, and the density of fish larvae is also higherat flood tide at each station of St.6 to St.8. The trawl was performed in the middle layer at St.7, as the result, the species composition of fish larvae has no significant difference with the surface layer at St.7, while the diversity is lower than the surface layer.

Abstract:Biomass dynamics models are the commonly used methods in fishery stock assessment, because of simple model structure and light need of data. This type of models has been used in tuna stock assessments in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. However, the potential impacts of the shape of surplus production model and fitting criteria were not often investigated in these applications. In this study, we assessed the Indian Ocean albacore (Thunnus alalunga) using ASPIC (A Surplus Production Model Incorporating Covariates), a typical biomass dynamics model using catch and abundance index as the main data. We focused on comparing the results of selecting different surplus production models (FOX and LOGISTIC) and model fitting criteria (Least Sum of Squared Errors or SSE and Least Sum of Absolute Errors or LAV). The results showed that the selection of surplus production models and model fitting criteria obviously impacted the estimates of biological reference points (MSY, F_MSY, and B_MSY). Overall, the former influenced more greatly than the latter. However, the results did not show much difference in the determination of stock status in terms of overfishing or overfished. This study highlights the importance of serious consideration of surplus production model shape and fitting criteria in the applications with biomass dynamics models, based on the fishery and biological characteristics of stock.

Abstract:Fishery-independent surveys are essential for collecting high quality data to support fisheries stock assessment and management. Sample size (number of sites) plays a significant role in determining the quality of survey data. A fishery survey in Dianshan Lake was conducted as a case study to analyze the effect of sample size on accuracy and precision for estimates of fish abundance or fish species diversity using resampling techniques. Results showed sample size can be reduced while still achieving relatively high precision and accuracy for most indices measuring abundance and biodiversity. The relative estimated error(REE) for all the indices increased when the sample size decreased in four sampling seasons. For most indices in the four sampling seasons, the REE was stable or slightly increased when the sample size decreased from 24 to 8. The REE had a significant and positive relationship with the CVs of the corresponding indices for the four sampling seasons and had different levels of values for each index in the four seasons.For the sake of the same precision for different indices in one season, the sample size needed for analyzing fish diversity indices was smaller than the one required while analyzing species abundances indices.To maintain the same precision for one index in different seasons, the sample size needed for analyzing abundance indices and fish diversity indices were the largest in winter and summer respectively.The study suggests that the optimal sample size identified in a lake fishery survey design may be different with respect to different goals. Sample size could be reduced to some extent in the subsequent surveys to reduce the negative effect of the survey on fish species with low abundance in the study area.

Abstract:In order to determine the suitability of the minimum mesh size of stow net in the South China Sea, the selectivity of codend mesh of double stake net was studied by using covered net method in Huangmaohai Estuary in April and August of 2015. Coilia mystus is the main fishing target in the area by the index of relative importance(IRI). Using the catch data of the fishing target, different mesh sizes selectivity curves of them have been drawn by using Logistic curves as a selectivity model. Parameters of selectivity are estimated according to the maximum likelihood method. The results of the experiments indicate that when the mesh size is 25 mm and 35 mm in spring, its L_0.5 is 107.84 mm and 114.61 mm, respectively; when the mesh size is 25 mm, 30 mm and 35 mm in summer, its L_0.5 is 77.35 mm, 88.87 mm and 99.91 mm, respectively. With the increase of the mesh size of stow net, the L_0.5 and SR of Coilia mystus increase. The L_0.5 of Coilia mystus is different with the same mesh size between spring and summer, while the minimum mesh size calculated according to the relationship between L_0.5 and mesh size remains basically the same in all seasons, which is 42.95 mm and 43.87 mm respectively. Based on the results,we conclude that the minimum mesh size of 35 mm cannot meet the demand of fishery resources protection in Huangmaohai Estuary.

Abstract:Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) is a kind of small pelagic fish living in the Southeast Pacific Ocean. It is also an important source of fishmeal. Predicting the anchoveta biomass effectively and evaluating their relationship with environment factors could benefit companies which import the Peruvian fishmeal. Therefore, this study firstly used the grey correlation analysis to analyze the connection between the anchoveta biomass and environmental factors from 2004 to 2013. And then based on these results, we used the grey forecasting model[GM (0, N) model] to build the anchoveta biomass forecasting model. In addition, by comparing between removing a certain environmental factor and containing all the factors to the model, we evaluated the importance of environmental factors. Results showed that the model which contained all the factors(factors including Fishing ground temperature, FGT, Fishing ground temperature anomaly, FGTA, Southern Oscillation Index, SOI, the sea surface temperatureat Nino 1+2 region, Nino 1+2 and Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index, PDO) had the mean relative error of 0.197 between fitting biomass sequence and predicted biomass sequence; the coefficient correlation index between these two sequences was 0.544; the relative error of the validation data is 0.434. Comparing the models from model 2 to model 6 which removed one environmental factor, the model 4 which removed PDOI had the best result:the mean relative error of fitting biomass sequence and predicted biomass sequence was 0.187, the coefficient correlation index between these two sequences was 0.663, and the relative error of the validation data was 0.274. The results indicated that model 4 can improve the accuracy of forecasting model and could be set as the optimal model for predicting the anchoveta biomass.

Abstract:China is a major fishing country in the world. Marine fishery is a traditional basic industry along the coast of China. It is also an important source of livelihood for millions of coastal fishermen. Fishing port is not only the most important infrastructure for fishery safety production, but also an important base and hub for the development of marine biological resources. At present the fishing ports in our country are still small, weak and poor. Therefore, the fishing port construction in new period should meet the basic requirements of economic and social development and the structural reform of supply-side. The safety, management and integration development function of fishing port should be strengthened further. The fishing ports can be built as antecedent area of marine fishery management, demonstration area of integration and development of fishing industry, demonstration area of urbanization development in fishing area, and model area of inheritance and innovation for marine fishery culture through the optimization of regional layout, industrial structure, resource allocation and management mode. It is suggested to strengthen planning guidance and factor guarantee, construct industrial system, straighten out management system and mechanism, and perfect relevant laws and regulations in order to provide legal and institutional guarantee for the construction and management of modern fishing port.

Abstract:This paper reviews the status of technical regulations of Chinese fishing vessels and points out three major problems in China's technical system of fishing vessel. First, technical regulation system is not perfect and the regulations do not accord with actual situation of fishery development. Second, the relation between technology management and implementation is not distinct. Third, the input, including money and human resources, into fishing vessel technology research is weak. The author raises four suggestions. First, market competition mechanism should gradually be introduced to the field of fishing vessel inspection and form the fishing vessel inspection system dominated by government, and harmonized by market mechanisms. Second, we should improve the parameters advancement and international standards of fishing vessel design through self-dependent and absorption technical innovation. Third, we should carry out innovation of organization and management system, and normalize the process of adopting and system standard. Fourth, the government should intensify more finance and human resources to basic research on fishing vessels regulation system in order to follow the trend of technical innovation, and to reserve reliable intelligence for the system construction.

Abstract:The impact of climate change on the development of fishery economy cannot be ignored. Bibliometric analysis of literature which is included in core database of Web of Science during 1995-2016 on the topic of climate change impacts on fisheries is conducted. The result showed that, the literature quantity related to this issue increased significantly around 2007. This problem has received extensive attention by scholars and relevant international organizations, scholars from 57 countries or regions have been involved in the research field, and the United States has a great advantage in the research field. The literature in this field is mainly published in the mainstream journals of fisheries and marine and freshwater biology, ICES Journal of Marine Science and Marine and Freshwater Research are by far the most influential two journals in this research field. The main research objects in this field are specific biological species, fishery economy, ecosystem and management strategy, the main indicator of climate change is water temperature in the relevant literature, the top three research contents of the studies were species abundance, biology and species distribution. China's research on this issue is still in its infancy. On the basis of existing studies,increasing the research efforts of Chinese scholars in this field will help to improve the ability of China's fishery resources management to cope with climate change and achieve sustainable development of fisheries.

Abstract:According to the requirements of the marine instrument testing field construction, it is necessary to design and analyze the standpipe and its subsidiary structure which is applied for the marine instruments measurement like sensors. The equipment is composed of different diameter PE pipes,which is nested as the main body and can be used to test 5 sensors within diameter 50 mm.Sensor holding device can automatically adapt to the sea tide variation, and the propeller rotation can form a vortex to brush the biofouling organisms to slow down the adhesion. Through CFD simulation analysis of the flow around the cylinder and the failure analysis of the fixed clamp and bolt set, the results show the wave guiding tube can guide the flow around the cylinder. It can control the flow direction of the tail flow and weaken the influence of the vortex when the fluid flows through the standpipe, and the equipment has the better effect of wave resistance and reliability on the sea. Practical test operated at the Hydrometric Station of water testing station in Luchaogang of Pudong New District, Shanghai,shows that the overall structure, strength and deformation of the device meet the design standards and can satisfy the requirements of the measuring equipment in the marine instrument testing field.