Abstract:Induction of allotriploids in the hybrids between Oreochromis niloticus ♀ Sarotherodon melanotheron ♂ was investigated by cold shock. To identify the treatment optima for triploidy induction, the temperature (T), duration (D) and timing after-fertilization (TA) of cold shocks were altered. In the treatment with 9 ℃ and 30 min duration, when inductions were applied after 10 min, no triploid was found; In the treatment applied 7 min after fertilization and with 30 min duration, 100% triploid rate was found between 5 ℃ to 9 ℃. In the treatment applied 7 min after fertilization and with 9 ℃, when duration time was over 60 min, the hatching rate was 0. Trials suggested the following treatments to be close to the optima:9 ℃, 30 min duration, applied 7 min after fertilization. The triploid rate reached 98.3%-100%,the corresponding hatching rate ranged from 17.5 to 19.1%.In most cases, allotriploid individuals were more variable (hatching rate: 9.6%-19.1%) than diploid hybrid (hatching rate: 7.6%-8.5%).

Abstract:Urotensin Ⅱ receptor is a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor, and it is a specific receptor for urotensin Ⅱ which is the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor to date. There are four different UT-like genes(uts2r1, uts2r2, uts2r3 and uts2r4) in zebrafish, located on four different chromosomes, while the nucleotide sequence of these uts2r gene varies, UT of chromosome 3 and chromosome 12 shared the highest homology of 47%, and shared 41.6% and 33% homology with the uts2r gene from 6th chromosome and 16th chromosome, respectively. Specific primers were designed for each gene analyzing mRNA expression of different adult fish tissues. Quantitative PCR results showed that uts2r1 gene on chromosome 3 has the highest expression level in the kidney, uts2r2 gene on chromosome 6 has the highest expression level in the spinal cord, and uts2r3 gene on chromosome 12 expressed the highest level in the heart, while the highest peak of uts2r4 mRNA on 16th chromosome expression emerged in the dorsal muscles.

Abstract:In order to further explore the Chinese soft-shelled turtle(Pelodiscus sinensis) and provide theoretical basis for the mechanism of sex determination, we improved the preparation of chromosome specimen and used precision instrument to analyse its karyotype. The best chromosome specimens can be gained by the injection of colchicine 1 μg/g (weight), effecting 1 h. The karyotype formula of it is 2 n=66=4 m+4 st+34 sm+22T+ZZ/ZW, NF=104(male) and 105(female). In 33 pairs of chromosomes, the No.1-6 are large chromosomes, and the rest are small chromosomes. The sex chromosome types are ZZ(male) and ZW(female). The G-banding of chromosomes was made by trypsinase method, and the schema chart of it was mapped out.

Abstract:To evaluate the salt tolerance of four strains of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus, O. hornorum, cross hybrid (O. mossambicus♀×O. hornorum♂) and reciprocal cross hybrid (O. hornorum♀×O. mossambicus♂) at molecular level, expression profile of heat shock protein 70 gene (HSP70) in four tissues (gill, kidney, pituitary and muscle) of the four strains of tilapia under salt stress was studied using RT-PCR method. The results showed that at salinity 22, HSP70 gene expression in the four tissues of those tilapias increased first, peaked at 24 h and then dropped to initial level at 48 h, and there was no significant change in its expression level when the salinity was increased to 35. There were differences in the expression level of HSP70 gene among different strains of tilapia and among the four tissues under the treatment of salt stress. The expression level of HSP70 gene was not up-regulated in the gill of cross hybrid throughout the treatment. The expression level of HSP70 gene peaked earlier in the kidneys of cross and reciprocal cross hybrids compared to that in the parents at salinity 22. The expression level of HSP70 gene increased slowly from 0h to 48h, and peaked at 48h in the pituitary of reciprocal cross hybrid at salinity 22. The expression level of HSP70 gene in the muscle of O. mossambicus increased rapidly at salinity 22 and maintained high at salinity 35. In conclusion, the expression level of HSP70 gene was closely related to salt tolerance and stress level of tilapia. The expression level of HSP70 gene in the kidney of tilapia under salt stress was in positive correlation with their salt tolerance and it can be used as a potential molecular indicator for evaluating salt tolerance of tilapia.

Abstract:Primers for PCR cloning were designed according to periplasmic hemin- binding protein(HutB)gene sequence of Vibrio alginolyticus published in GenBank. The hutB gene of V.alginolyticus strain HY9901 was amplified by PCR and cloned into pMD18-T vector. Sequence analysis revealed that hutB gene is 870 bp and encodes a putative protein of 289 amino acids. The predicted molecular weight (MW) of HutB was 30.59 kD with an estimated pI of 6.45. Using SignalP 4.0 and TMHMM Server 2.0 software, it was predicted that the HutB protein was located in periplasmic. It contained a signal peptide cutting site, but did not have transmembranous region. This protein had one cAMP- and cGMP- dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, four protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, and so on. To further analyze the evolutionary relationship among HutB, a molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega 5.0 software. In this tree, the HutB protein showed high genetic relationship with Vibrio campbellii and Vibrio harveyi. Using qRT-PCR, the expression changes of hutB under various iron sources were examed. Cultured in iron-rich medium containing FeCl₃, the expression levels of hutB changed a little compared with the control group. However, in the medium with hemin, the expression level of hutB increased, specifically in the iron-restricted environment exists with hemin, the expression of hutB increased significantly(P<0.01). At the same time, the expression of hutB under iron limiting environment with: 2,2'-Dipyridyl was lower than control group(P<0.01).

Abstract:In this article, Litopenaeus vannamei were challenged by microcystin-LR through injection. Shrimp hepatopancreas and blood samples were taken to analyze the transcriptome data using Illumina Hiseq 2500. The expression profiles were analyzed by differential expression analysis and enrichment analysis. The results showed that prophenoloxidase, trypsin, C-type lectin and other genes were significantly differentially expressed. In GO enrichment analysis, we found that cell adhesion, cell killing and cell adhesion molecule binding were differentially expressed. In blood KEEG enrichment analysis, we found phagosome, apoptosis, endocytosis and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and other passways were significantly differentially expressed. Those results suggested that when L. vannamei was challenged by MC-LR, they would take a positive immune response to resist the infection, and cellular immune response was one of the crucial part. Phagocytosis and cell adhesion play important roles against the toxicity of MC-LR in the immune response.

Abstract:DNA barcoding (a technology to provide rapid, accurate and automated species identifications by using short orthologous DNA sequences) has been fundamentally important in the past few years in system classification, molecular genetic diversity and species relationships of marine organisms as well as evolutionary relationships, and so on. The data set in DNA barcoding is obtained from a single specimen without regard to life stage or morphological characters of targets. Many times foreign scholars elucidated the impact of some predation on prey populations using DNA barcoding, nevertheless, we did less. Herein we introduce DNA barcodes, then discuss the relative merits in relation to the utility of DNA barcoding in identifying prey items of fish diets. The DNA barcoding shows promise in providing a practical, species-level identification tool that can be used for taxonomy and ecological studies, and many more.

Abstract:In order to study the flora structure in the intestinal tract and the virus-carrying condition of the different aquatic farm shrimps, we used conventional method of bacteria isolation, cultivation, purification and bacteria 16SrDNA sequences analysis to analyze the total number of culturable bacteria, the species and numbers of dominant bacteria and we used Nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR) method to detect shrimp virus in Litopenaeus vannamei and Fenneorpenaeus chinensis cultivated in different farms of Jiangsu, Shandong and the Republic of Korea. The results showed that the total number of culturable bacteria of Litopenaeus vannamei and Fenneorpenaeus chinensis is between 10⁵ and 10⁹ CFU/g, and identified the dominant bacteria isolated from the intestinal tract to genus (species). The results showed that the dominant bacterial respectively belong to Lactococcus sp, Vibrio sp, Bacillus sp, Photobacterium sp, Shewanella sp, Arthrobacter sp and Microbacterium sp. Litopenaeus vannamei and Fenneorpenaeus chinensis samples are tested positive for WSSV, 6 batches of shrimp samples which were tested positive WSSV, are isolated Vibrio sp from intestinal tract, accounting for 33%-93.58% of culturable bacteria, 2 batches of shrimp samples which were tested positive WSSV, are isolated Shewanella sp, from intestinal tract, accounting for 21.67%-34.21% of culturable bacteria, 4 batches of shrimp samples which were tested positive WSSV, are isolated Photobacterium sp, from intestinal tract, accounting for 21.03%-66.83% of culturable bacteria.

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of verapamil on metabolism and elimination of enrofloxacin in ridgetail white prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda. The shrimps were randomly divided into two groups with different experimental diets. The first group was fed enrofloxacin diet at a dosage of 10 mg/kg·d for seven days and served as control. The second group was fed enrofloxacin diet at a dosage of 10 mg/kg·d for seven days, and simultaneously bathed with verapamil at 4 mg/L for seven days, and as verapamil group. The drug concentrations and elimination parameters were compared. The results showed that the enrofloxcin concentration decreased with the days in hepatopancreas, muscle and gill, and the concentrations of enrofloxacin in tissues were significantly higher in verapamil group than those in control group (P<0.05), however, the concentrations of enrofloxacin metabolite ciprofloxacin in tissues were significantly lower in verapamil group than those of control group (P<0.05). The elimination rate constant (β) and clearance rate (CL) of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were significantly lower in verapamil group than those in control group (P<0.05). The results showed that verapamil inhibited the metabolism and elimination of enrofloxacin in E. carinicauda. Especially, P-glycoprotein might be involved in the elimination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in E. carinicauda.

Abstract:To reduce the pollution of water by cage culture of fish and explore the environmentally-friendly net cages, we took the Pistia stratiotes and Ceratophyllum demersum, the preponderant aquatic plants, as the objects of the research, with the intention of examining their effects on water purification in terms of cage culture by installing Ceratophyllum demersum-Pistia stratiotes mixotrophic ecological net cage. The conventional net cage was only covered with shade cloth without aquatic plants.The net cage for the experiment was 5 m×4 m×2.5 m; the width of the periphery cage was 1.5 m and its depth was 1 m. Ceratophyllum demersum was grown in the periphery cage and Pistia stratiotes L in the net cage. The results indicate that the recovery rates of nitrogen and phosphorus of ecological cage with Ceratophyllum demersum-Pistia stratiotes L. mixed culture were 49.86%±0.94% and 38.07%±0.62%, respectively, and the recovery rates of nitrogen and phosphorus of the traditional cage were 44.60%±0.85% and 33.17%±0.58%, respectively. For the collection rates of nitrogen and phosphorus, there was striking variation between ecological cage and traditional cage (P<0.05). The rates of usage of nitrogen and phosphorus of ecological cage with Ceratophyllum demersum-Pistia stratiotes mixed culture were 28.13%±1.48% and 16.95%±1.09%, respectively, and the utilization rates of nitrogen and phosphorus of the traditional cage were 26.40%±1.89% and 15.64%±1.47%, respectively. For the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, there was no significant difference between ecological cage and traditional cage(P>0.05). Through analysis of the means and the total amount of input and output of nitrogen and phosphorus in cage fishing system, we concluded that there is zero emission of nitrogen and phosphorus in cages of culture of Lieocassis longiristris, if the ratio of the area of the cage to the area of culture of Pistia stratiotes and Ceratophyllum demersum is 1:17.00.

Abstract:This paper studied the anesthetic effects of MS-222 at the concentration of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mg/L on largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides), then it studied the impact of water temperature at 10, 15, 20 and 25 ℃ in 20 mg/L MS-222 on anesthetic effects,and finally anesthesia simulated transportation was conducted at 20 ℃ and 20 mg/L MS-222. Anesthesia test results showed: With the rising of MS-222 concentration, anesthesia time shortened while full recovery time prolong. 10-20 mg/L MS-222 was suitable for largemouth bass anesthesia transportation. Anesthesia time shortened but recovery time increased with decreasing of water temperature. 20-25 ℃ water temperature was suitable for largemouth bass anesthesia transportation. Anesthesia simulated transportation test results showed: The survival rate was 100% after transportation 17h but it dropped to 70% after transportation 24h. Recovery time increased as transport duration increased. Muscle glycogen fell but lactic acid rose after anesthesia transportation. The differences of serum cortisol didn't change significantly but were significantly higher than the initial group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences of aspartate transaminase(AST), urea(UREA) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in the first 10 h transportation, then they all increased significantly (P<0.05). Glucose (GLU) increased with transportation time.

Abstract:The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ammonia excretion rate (AER) of pink heel splitter Potamilus alatus were studied using closed respirometry under three different water temperature conditions. The respiratory metabolic differences between male and female mussels and the diurnal variation were studied.. The results show that when water temperature ranges from 17 ℃ to 27 ℃, both OCR and AER increase with the increase of water temperature; the OCR of male mussels is higher than that of females but the difference is not significant, whereas the AER of males is lower than that of females and the difference is significant at 22 ℃ and 27 ℃(P=0.014,P<0.01). At 27 ℃, the oxygen nitrogen ratio of male mussels is significantly higher than that of females(P=0.019, P<0.05), possibly due to their physiological differences. When temperature is at 22 ℃,there are obvious diurnal variations in both OCR and AER which are significantly higher in nighttime than daytime; the respiratory metabolism peak of both males and females appears in the early morning from AM 1:00 to 3:00, while all troughs are found in the afternoon from 15:00 to 17:00 except that the AER of males appears between AM 9:00-11:00;during the whole day, the males show a higher average OCR and lower AER compared with females, but the difference is not significant (P>0.05). The present study preliminarily reveals the effect of temperature on the respiratory metabolism and diurnal variation of pink heel splitters, providing theoretical references for enhancing the domestication survival rate, improving reasonable pond stocking and for further research on male-female growth differences.

Abstract:Based on sediment monitoring results of the sea area around Lvhua relieving platform in spring, summer, autumn of 2012, this paper educes the following conclusion :(1)In this area, the content of mercury(Hg),arsenic(As),copper(Cu),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd) and chromium(Cr) accorded with the first class evaluation criterion in the marine sediment quality; Compared with 2006,the content of iron(Fe) increased significantly.(2)Both evaluation results of the geoaccumulation index and the potential ecological risk index led to the same conclusion that Hg, As, Pb and Cr were not contaminated, while Cu was slightly polluted and the situation of Cd was even worse.(3)According to the potential ecological risk index evaluation,for potential ecological hazards, Hg, As, Cu, Pb and Cr were of low levels while Cd was of higher degree.The comprehensive potential hazards of the above 6 kinds of heavy metal were of moderate levels in this area.(4) The discussion of different effects with various background parameters indicated that an appropriate choice of parameters was of great meaning in heavy metal pollution assessment.

Abstract:The quantitative distribution properties and species composition of Ulva microscopic propagules in the South Yellow Sea during April, August in 2012 and 2013 were investigated. During the earlier stage (April) of the green tide blooms, Ulva microscopic propagules widely existed in the South Yellow Sea, and mainly distributed at the coast of Rudong and Dafeng sea area. The density was 1312 ind/L at the coast of Dafeng sea area in April 2012 and 884 ind/L at the coast of Rudong sea area in April 2013. With the floating green algae gradually disappeared, the number of Ulva microscopic propagules at the coast of Rudong and Dafeng sea area reduced to a low level, and the density was in range of 0-38 ind/L and 0-28 ind/L in August 2012 and 2013, respectively. Ulva microscopic propagules were composed by Ulva flexuosa, Ulva prolifera and Ulva linza in April 2012 and 2013, while Ulva flexuosa and Ulva prolifera in August 2012 and 2013. Seed bank may exist at the earlier stage of the green algae blooms due to Ulva microscopic propagules widely existing at the coast of Rudong and Dafeng sea area in April. Large amounts of microscopic propagules would rapidly germinate when the surface temperature increased during the period of April－May, which was partly contributed to the biomass of early green algae blooms.

Abstract:The characteristics of the spatial distribution of plankton in the Hangzhou Bay estuary (27°38'- 28°02'N, 120°50'-121°14'E) were investigated in April, 2012. The correlation between the distribution of plankton and eutrophication was studied, and the results were presented in the paper. During the investigation, serious eutrophication prevailed with eutrophication index (E) higher than 1; the growth of phytoplankton was limited by light intensity due to high suspended particulate (SP) in the estuary. High abundance of phytoplankton was observed as light condition improved because of decreasing SP concentration. The distribution pattern of zooplankton was in coincidence with that of phytoplankton. The abundance of zooplankton was significantly correlated with that of phytoplankton, suggesting the limitation of eutrophication and SP on production in the Hangzhou Bay. In spring, the species number and the dominant species number (2 species) were relatively small, and also displayed the characters of high dominance and average abundance of single dominant species and average value relatively of diversity index low (1.78). Though the structure of zooplankton was not very stable, the coincidence in the distribution of zooplankton and phytoplankton indicates the grazing pressure of zooplankton on the growth of phytoplankton. We conclude that the ecosystem in the eutrophication areas of Hangzhou Bay was stabilized in spring.

Abstract:In order to investigate the toxic effect of light oil on marine phytoplankton, and provide theoretical basis for its prevention and control, we simulated the indoor toxicity stress experiment of light oil on two species of marine microalgae in different seasons (10, 16, 20 and 28 ℃), to research the effects of light oil on the growth of two species of marine microalgae. The results showed that light oil has certain inhibitory effect on the growth of two species of marine microalgae. The inhibition rate curve shows that the 96h inhibitory concentration of Prorocentrum donghaiense is 2.40 mg/L, and the 96 h inhibitory concentration of Heterosigma akashiwo is 4.10 mg/L. At the same time, because of the high volatile characteristics of light oil, with the concentration of light oil decreased in the course of the experiment, the growth rate of Prorocentrum donghaiense and Heterosigma akashiwo recovered. The effect of light oil on phytoplankton growth is also related with the temperature change. The higher the temperature, the more obvious effects, namely, the winter has minimum impact, while summer has the most obvious influence.

Abstract:Dosidicus gigas is one kind of important economic fish in the world and also one of the most important squid jigging species of Chinese Mainland. According to the fishery-dependent data of 2003-2004 and 2006-2012 by squid jigging boats of Chinses Mainland and the environment data from satellite remote sense, we standardised the CPUE of Dosidicus gigas off Peru by generalized linear model(GLM) and generalized additive model(GAM).We analysed the inter-annual variation of Dosidicus gigas off Peru.By significant testing, the 9 variables chosen into the model are year, month, latitude, longitude, concentration of chlorophyll-a, interaction of year and longitude, interaction of year and latitude, interaction of month and longitude and interaction of month and latitude. The results of GAM indicate that coefficient of determination (R²) is 42.3% which is high. The standardized CPUE has the same trends with nominal CPUE and the average value is a little lower than nominal CPUE. The inter-annual variation of Dosidicus gigas abundance off Peru during 2003－2012 is severe, the highest value of abundance appeared in 2004, the average CPUE after standardizing by GLM was 7.94t/d; the lowest value of abundance appeared in 2007, the average CPUE after standardizing by GLM was3.28t/d.

Abstract:The existing problems of the traditional marine fishermen's income were introduced and were analyzed in terms of the fishery resources, the management policies and other factors, then the essence of the problems was pointed out that the limited marine fishery resources are insufficient to support serious excess fishing capacity, and the imbalance has been aggravated by the current external environment, and the corresponding management measures are not effective enough for improving marine fisheries resources, reducing excess fishing capacity, increasing fishermen population's income and narrowing the gaps between the different levels. Further, in order to solve the problems and increase the income of marine fishermen, we should strengthen the conservation and management of fishery resources to ensure the material basis for their production, establish and improve the fishermen' fishing rights protection mechanism to ensure their development rights, improve the fisheries management policies and systems to ensure that the rights of marine fishermen are equal and fair, strengthen the traditional fishermen' skills training to improve their ability and to increase their employment opportunities.

Abstract:To optimize the extraction process, the tilapia fish head oil was extracted by supercritical CO₂ extraction (SC-CO₂) from tilapia fish head. The signal factors were chosen by single-factor experiments and the optimal extraction conditions of tilapia fish oil by SC-CO₂ were optimized by response surface method. Then the quality and fatty acid composition of tilapia fish head oil were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum conditions were extraction pressure 36 MPa, extraction temperature 41℃ and extraction time 3.1 h, which was better than cooking method, alkali hydrolysis method and enzymatic method. The extraction rate under the optimal extraction condition by SC-CO₂ was 79.5%, and the iodine value, POV and acid value were 5.36±0.15 mg/kg, 4.27±0.33 mmol/kg and 139.0±8.9 g/100g respectively. The contents of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) were 27.85%, 41.74% and 30.41% respectively. The tilapia fish head oil was rich in fatty acid composition, which indicated excellent nutritional value and functionality.

Abstract:Aiming to guarantee the quality and safety of aquatic product and the realization of its traceability system, the production, processing, logistics and vendition sections of the whole aquatic product industry chain and existing quality safety problems in China are demonstrated and analyzed in this paper with the perspective of the aquaculture industry chain. Furthermore, an IoT-based aquaculture industry chain traceability system and its application in all sections of the industry chain are proposed by means of introducing the concept and technology of the Internet of Things (IoT) which includes Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), 2D bar code, Global Positioning System (GPS), Geographic Information System (GIS), etc. In addition, the implementation methods in every sector of the whole aquatic product industry chain are analyzed. On the basis of the above content, an enterprise-government-consumer-oriented governmental aquatic product industry chain tracking and supervision cloud service is designed while a dynamic tracking mechanism of aquaculture product based on EPC and RFID is presented. As an illustration, the specimens of tracking information and EPC coding samples of aquatic product are designed, which drives the realization of the static tracing and dynamic tracking for the aquatic product industry chain in the whole time space. As the application and practice, Eriocheir sinensis is taken as the object of study and the idea and methods have been eventually applied into practice for the Shanghai-Taiwan Eriocheir sinensis transmission commission by the construction of a juvenile crab quality dynamic whole-process traceability system, which assisted 255 Taiwan raisers to track and release over 0.7 million Eriocheir sinensis into ponds.

Abstract:Currently, no offshore test field has been built for experiment, test and evaluation of tidal current energy generating device in China. The study of tidal current energy generation device performance integrated assessment method is an important part of the theoretical study for construction of an offshore test field, providing a reliable basis for improving the performance of tidal current energy generating device. On the basis of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model using gray relational theory revision subjective weights, after analyzing performance indicators of tidal current energy generation device, the hierarchical model of device integrated assessment was given. By standardizing the indicators raw data, index values were in the (0,1), and the complexity of the calculations was reduced. Using the coefficient of variation and correlation corrected initial weight, a comprehensive weight value and the final assessment results of tidal current energy devices and more indicators were calculated. This method not only simplifies the process of standard AHP consistency test, but also avoids excessive subjective assessment results, improving the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of credibility. The measured data of two units of tidal current energy generation devices were evaluated, and the effectiveness of the assessment methods was verified.