Abstract:Mechanoreceptive hair cells are essential for hearing and balance in vertebrates. They have an ability of spontaneous regeneration after damage in lower vertebrate but not in mammals. The lateral line hair cells in fish share structural, functional, developmental and regenerative similarities with those in the inner ear. In order to understand the mechanism of hair cell regeneration and the role of key functional genes,eya1andsix1bduring this process, zebrafish lateral line neuromast hair cells were taken as the study subject in this report. We destroyed neuromast hair cells by treating zebrafish larvae of 5 days postfertilization in 400 μmol/L neomycin for 1 hour. Both the control and treatment groups were observed at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours post treatment (hpt) via methods of histological sections and in situ hybridization (ISH). It was found that, in control group, hair cells and supporting cells with regular shape were distributed ordinarily in top and lower respectively as two layers; however, the number of the cell in the top layer was significantly decreased during 2-4 hpt. During 8-12 hpt, the boundary between the top and lower layer was indistinct, and some supporting cells were elongated and separated from basement membrane. By 24 hpt, the number, shape, distribution of hair cells and supporting cells in some neuromasts were nearly recovered to the level of control samples. ISH results showed that both eya1andsix1b were expressed in the whole neuromast of the zebrafish larvae in control group. The expression levels of eya1andsix1b in hair cells, but not supporting cells, were significantly reduced during 2-4 hpt. The levels started increasing at 8 hpt, and gradually reached full recovery or even exceeded the level in the control group during 12-24 hpt. Our results indicate that, both the key functional genes eya1andsix1b are reactivated during the hair cell regeneration process in zebrafish lateral line neuromasts and the supporting cells may be involved in hair cell regeneration.

Abstract:Troponin I gene of Litopenaeus vannamei was clone by RT-PCR technology. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of troponin I were analyzed. The SNP of troponin I gene was searched by sequencing in different individuals. The results showed four splice variants of troponin Ⅰ were isolated from Litopenaeus vannamei tissues, and the deduced amino acid sequences encoded by different variants of troponin Ⅰ have same troponin super family domain, and these sequences highly conserve among arthropod animals. The phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequence shows that there is higher similarity in Tn-Ⅰ3 and Tn-Ⅰ4 of Litopenaeus vannamei, Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Crayfish, but Tn-Ⅰ1 ofLitopenaeus vannamei was together with Tn Ⅰ2 of Litopenaeus vannamei individually. Two (A/G) SNPs at nucleotide 302 and 472 in the same coding sequences of four splice variants of Litopenaeus vannamei Tn Ⅰ were found by sequencing, and a transition A G at nucleotide 302 caused a Glycine glutamate missense mutation. For the first time four splice variants of troponin Ⅰ in Litopenaeus vannamei were cloned and a missense mutation was founded，these provide a good foundation for further research on its function．

Abstract:Gymnocypris przewalskii is the only kind of economic fishes distributed in Qinghai Lake located on the Qinghai Tibet plateau. Ribosomal protein S3a (RPS3a) is one kind of multifunctional protein known as a component of the 40s small ribosomal subunit. Research concerning molecular mechanism of Gymnocypris przewalskii  under salinity stress will contribute to discovering the basic pattern of vital activity and provide theories for conservation and artificial reproduction of this species. In this study, the cDNA sequences of RPS3a ［KC818610.1］ were obtained from the naked carp through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE-PCR). According to real time PCR analysis, the transcriptions of RPS3a increased in embryogenesis and under salinity stress, and it was demonstrated that RPS3a played an important role in embryogenesis and salinity adaptation.

Abstract:Japanese eel larvae Anguilla japonica were collected in Jingjiang section of Yangtze River Estuary from January to April, 2012. The elements of sagittal otolith extracted from five larval eels were detected by using synchrotron radiation X ray fluorescence (SRXRF). Results showed that fourteen elements could be accurately detected. It included two major elements Ca and Sr, the average contens of which in otolith could reach 240 215.928 μg/g and 2 383.221 μg/g respectively. The other twelve were recognized as minor elements. Their contents sequentially decreased in the following order: Ba, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Hg, Se, Co, Cu, Au, V. The average concentrations of Ba, Fe, Mn, Zn were 1-10 μg/g and the average concentrations of the other elements Cr, Ni, Hg, Se, Co, Cu, Au, V were less than 1 μg/g. According to spatial distribution and the content variation of all measured elements, Ca and Sr were the most stable elements whose coefficient of variation were 10.11% and 21.83%.By comparison, the coefficient of variation of Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co varied from 23.11% to 35.88% and V, Hg, Au, Ba even exceeded 50%. The most unsteady element was Se for its coefficient of variation reached 134.31%. We also found that the variation of Sr/Ca ratios might be delayed in the otolith when Japanese eels larvae migrated from sea to freshwater.

Abstract:In this study, embryonic development and larval growth of Tarim schizothorax (Schizothorax biddulphiGünther) were observed by using artificial propagation techniques in Tarim schizothorax artificial breeding practice base in Qiemo County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from April to June in 2012. The total of 68 thousand fertilized eggs ware obtained and the average rates of fertilization and hatching were 83% and 89% respectively. The fertilized eggs and embryonic development spent about 93 hours at water temperature of 16-19 ℃, in which they experienced cleavage stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage, incubation stage and so on. The full length of newly hatched larvae was (7.29±0.18) mm. Four stages were observed for larvae fish growth during 25 day’ developmental period. The development of every stage was found allometry by analyzing the specific growth rate of total length (LT), head length (LH), trunk length (LQ), tail length (LC), eyes diameter (D), body height (HB), head height (HH), wet weight (W). The quadratic equations growth characteristics were found in LT, TC, LH, HH, HB, D. Meanwhile, and body length and wet weight.

Abstract:Coilia ectenes is an abundant species in Qingcaosha reservoir and plays an important ecosystem role. Seasonal surveys were conducted in 2011 to sample the specimens of Coilia ectenes for studying their biological property. Statistical approaches were used in data analysis to describe the biological characteristics of Coilia ectenesin Qingcaosha reservoir. The dominant total length (TL) of the samples of both females and males was 20-25 cm with the means of 25 cm and 23.4 cm, respectively. And also, the dominant round weight of different sex samples was same with the range of 20-40 g. The relationships between TL and BW (body weight), TL and DW (dressed weight) of all samples could be described as W_B = 0.0008L_T^3.3983 andW_D= 0.0006L_T^3.4286. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation existing in both gonad weight versus total length and gonad weight versus round weight for different sex samples. Moreover, it showed a trend that the gonad weight of Coilia ectenes increased with both their total length and round weight. The sex ratio of the samples of C.ectenes was 2.6∶1 which was not in accord with 1∶1. The gonad analysis indicated that more mature individuals were found in May and July, and the dominant maturity samples were mainly at stageⅡwhich accounted for 69.6% for femals and 72.2% for males; Furthermore, the mature individuals ’gonad somatic index (GSI) was obviously higher than immature individuals’ and the immature individuals’ GSI tended to increase with total length and conversely for the mature individuals’. The main prey of Coilia ectenes was shrimp and the feeding intensity was mostly in the class 0 and 1 which accounted for 61.11% of the total in the samples.

Abstract:Female honeycomb grouper, Epinephelus merra, was selected as research object in this study. Artificial hormones HCG and LHRHa were used for the description and analysis of gonad developmental changes and sexual steroids fluctuation following hormone injection. Purpose of this study is to establish reliable fundamental information for artificial reproduction of honeycomb grouper, and offer significant reference on manipulation practice. According to the results, both the hormones HCG and LHRHa significantly induced spawning and the releasing of MIS, which determines success of ovulation; Estradiol level of honeycomb grouper decreased significantly after spawning identifying the lunar related periodicity of the ovary development in honeycomb grouper species; In fishery productive practice, it is very important to confirm the ovary developmental stage before hormone injection in order to enhance success of inducing maturation, especially for LHRHa injection of which the effectiveness of inducing maturation was the best; As for honeycomb grouper with most oocytes that were in early stage of development, effectiveness of HCG was higher than that of LHRHa, but it was still unsatisfying. Considering the best effectiveness for the ovaries which completed vitellogenesis in LHRHa treatment group and its other advantages over HCG, we highly recommend the application of LHRHa in honeybomb grouper reproductive industry.

Abstract:Total 144 samples of Eleutheronema rhadinum species were collected from the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Due to the widespread and ambiguous population structure of Eleutheronema rhadinum species, three multivariate analysis methods were used to comparably investigate the morphological variation of the species. By the cluster analysis, it showed the highest morphological similarity between species of Chongming and species of Qidong, also between species of Zhanjiang and Qionghai. In the principal component analysis of 32 characters of general and frame morphology, variations in the area between head and back account for the largest contribution ratio. Subsequent discrimination functions were established by means of stepwise discrimination method, with the general prediction accuracy of 87.4%. Our study revealed that variation emerged in these four geographical species.

Abstract:It is critical to take the fish body and fins as an integrated object to analyze the stress in the flow field which will be beneficial to conduct the research of its highly efficient swimming mechanism and bionic application. Taking carp as research objective, by the mathematical description of its body and importing the data to Fluent software to set up the model, the mechanics of the fish stressed by the flow field is conducted by the finite element method. Physical field in the calculation adopts the central difference interpolation method. Flow equation chooses standard k-ε model, then integrated with the detail parameters, the calculation is conducted. The results of the simulation indicated that the top three parts of resistance devoted in the direction of the negative x axis is the 45% of head part,29% of the fish body and 14% of pectoral fins; and also top three parts of resistance devoted in the direction of the positive y axis is the 47% of pectoral fins,29% of fish body and 14% of head part. Total force vector is (-7.88×10^-3, 2.00×10^-3,-5.87×10^-5) N. The data above show that focus should concentrated on the fish body and pectoral fins when designing the model mainly considering the lift force. The designing of fish body and head part should be focused on when mainly consider the resistance force. The simulation result provides a sound mechanics foundation for the future research of controlling of the bionic robot fish.

Abstract:This study was carried out to compare the fish body indicators, content and activity of digestive enzyme, basic nutrition and fatty acids components in the muscle of juvenile Coilia nasus and Coilia nasus taihuensis samples which were collected from the Yangtze River and Taihu lake, respectively. The nutrition value of the two species of Coilia and the effects of different ecological habitats were also evaluated. The results showed that:（1）The activity of digestive enzyme of C. nasuswas lower than that of C. nasus taihuensis , however , the difference was on the lipase activity of C. nasus which was 3 times higher than C. nasus taihuensis. Lipid peroxides which is harmful substances was not accumulated to large amount in C. nasus. (2) Crude fat content in C. nasus was 16.13%, which was 1.5 times higher than C. nasus taihuensis while crude protein was lower in C. nasus taihuensis. (3) There were 21 kinds of fatty acid components in juvenile C. nasus while only 17 in C. nasus taihuensis. The C22∶1, C24∶1, C20∶3n-6 and C20∶4n-6 fatty acids in the C. nasus taihuensis were not detected. Contents of ∑n-3, ∑n-6 and ∑n-6/∑n-3 in muscle of C. nasus taihuensis was higher than that of C.nasus, but content of EPA and DHA were significantly lower than those of C.nasus.

Abstract:A 90 day growth experiment was conducted to investigate the dietary inositol requirement of juvenile Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). The fish were randomly divided into six groups: a control group was fed with basal diet, and five treatment groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 mg/kg inositol, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile M. amblycephalawith initial average body weight (3.4±0.07)g. At the end of feeding trial, final average weight (FAW), weight gain rate (WRG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed diet 400 mg/kg inositol were significantly higher than those of the control (P<0.05); while feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly lower in the group supplemented with 400 mg/kg inositol (P<0.05). The concentrations of glucose(GLU), cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were higher in fish fed 800mg/kg inositol (P<0.05) and concentration of triglyceride (TG) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the control (P<0.05); In addition, the fat content in liver and muscle of the groups supplemented with 400, 800 mg/kg inositol were significantly lower than that of control (P<0.05); wherase crude protein in muscle was significantly enhanced compared with the control (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in survival rate, hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic ratio (VR), fullness coefficient(CF), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), moisture and ash in muscle (P>0.05) among the different groups. On the basis of SGR and FCR, the optimum dietary inositol requirement of juvenile M. amblycephalawas estimated to be 294.44 mg/kg and 284.85 mg/kg, using broken line regression analysis.

Abstract:To study the effect of triacontanol on the growth of gametophytic blades of the wild type strain (WT) in Pyropia haitanensis, the blades of WT strain were immersed in triacontanol solution at concentration of 1×10^-7, 3×10^-7, 5×10^-7 and 7×10^-7 for one day static culture respectively. Then the blades were transferred to aeration culture with normal culture medium. The results showed that, after 25 days of culture,3×10^-7 had the best treatment effect, 5×10^-7 took the second place,1×10^-7 triacontanol treated blades almost had no difference with the control group, while 7×10^-7 inhibited the growth of blades. Compared to the control group, the mean length of blades strain treated with 3×10^-7 triacontanol increased by 94.92%, and chlorophyll a, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin increased by 26.00%, 92.88% and 84.89%, respectively. The effect of triacontanol on the growth of blades of the WT strain showed initial increase then decrease, and the promotion effect could maintain about 20 days after treatment. These results revealed that 3×10^-7 triacontanol could constantly accelerate the growth of blades, and increase the contents of photosynthetic pigment and chromoproteins in the blades.

Abstract:In order to verify the practicability of interspecies cross between Pyropia haitanensis and other Pyropia, cross experiment between P. haitanensis from the temperate water of China and P. radi from the tropical water of India was carried out in the laboratory, marked with the color and size of the vacuoles and the chloroplasts in cells of parental blades. P. haitanensis was used as female parent, and its blades show brown green with an obvious pigment in cells of blades. P. radi was used as male parent, and its blades show brown in color and the cells of blades containing a large vacuole and small chloroplasts. Among the F₁ gametophytic blades from the cross of P. haitanensis (♀) × P. radi (♂), two parental colors (Ph and Pr) and four new colors (Ph′, the size of the vacuole similar to Ph and the color of the chloroplasts slightly yellower than Ph; Pr′, the size of the vacuole smaller than Pr and the color of the chloroplasts redder than Pr; Pr″, the size of the vacuole between Pr and Pr′ and the color of the chloroplasts lighter than Pr′; Pr, the size of the vacuole similar to Pr and the color of the chloroplasts slightly yellower than Pr) appeared. Linear segregation of colors occurred in the F₁ blades, and therefore, the color sectored blades with 2-4 sectors were formed. There were a large number of color sectored blades and a few of single color blades. These results indicate that the interspecies cross between P. haitanensis and P. radi succeeded and the F₁ gametophytic blades could survive and be fertile，which laid the foundation for the further selection of the new strains.

Abstract:Assimilation efficiency (AE) of triangle sail mussel Hyriopsis cumingii which fed on eight species of microalgae was determined during the 24 hours trial, at 21 ℃ of water temperature. Oxygen consumption and ammonia N excretion rates of Hyriopsis cumingii were also studied in laboratory. Results showed that AE of Hyriopsis cumingii on Bacillariophyta (0.660±0.003) was higher than that on other microalgae species at the same level of algal density. The highest oxygen rates of consumption and the highest ammonia N excretion rates were found with the group fed on the Cyanophyta, which were at 1.346±0.024 μg/(g·h) and 25.78±0.237 μg/(g·h), respectively. while the lowest ammonia N excretion rate and the lowest oxygen rate were in Chlorophyta group (0.795±0.015 μg/(g·h)) and the Bacillariophyta group (13.307±0.127 μg/(g·h)) .Furthermore, the O∶N ratio revealed that protein was consumed by Hyriopsis cumingii when they fed on Bacillariophyta, while more fat and protein were consumed when fed on Cyanophyta or Chlorophyta.

Abstract:Plants of different growth forms have different plant traits, while plant traits determine their adaptive capacity to the environment. Dianshan Lake is a typical eutrophic lake in China. In order to find out the key driver in the succession of submerged vegetation and the future direction of succession, the research investigated the present state of submerged vegetation in Dianshan Lake, measured plant traits, analyzed the adaptive capacity and response mechanism .The results indicated that: submerged vegetation of different growth forms adopted different strategies, which determine their distribution. Magnopotamids plants Potamogeton malaianus could establish communities in large area of waters, because of its high tissue intensity. Parvopotamids plantsHydrilla verticillata, whose characteristics are small leaf, high specific leaf area, high specific leaf area divided by shoot dry weight and locating most leaves in upper water layer, were capable to exclude other species and form density communities in small area of waters. The disappearance of communities of Vallisnerids plants Vallisneria natans was mostly due to the traits of large leaf and locating most leaves at the bottom of water. Species capable to survive in eutrophic waters all had the traits of small leaf and locating most leaves in upper water layer, which helps to get the light in upper water layer. These results indicated that the available light underwater was the key factor to drive submerged vegetation succession.

Abstract:A comprehensive investigation was carried out at 16 stations in the Yangtze River hypoxia area and the adjacent East China Sea in August, 2011. The hypoxia area located in the bottom with an area of about 1 028 km² and the lowest dissolved oxygen concentration was measured to be 1.85 mg/L. Total 82 water samples of phytoplankton were collected in this sea area and were analyzed by Utermhl method. 82 phytoplankton species was indentifed and belonged to 37 genera of 4 classes. Diatoms were the dominant population in the area, and Skeletonema costatum was the dominant species. The phytoplankton ecological type belonged to temperate zone nearshore algae and euryhaline algae. Cell abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 6.31×10³ cells/L to 7.80×10⁶ cells/L, and the average cell abundance was about 7.59×10⁵ cells/L. The phytoplankton cell abundance reduced rapidly from water surface layer to bottom. It was found that the cell abundance, diversity index, evenness index was the core low oxygen area > not core low oxygen area > the non low oxygen area in turn, but there were no significant difference for phytoplankton species. And the phytoplankton cell abundance had the positive relation with temperature, COD, chlorophyll a,and nitrate concentration, but the negtive relation with salinity. And there was no significant effect between the phytoplankton cell abundance and the dissolved oxygen content, suspended matter content, phosphlate and ammonia nitrogen concentration.

Abstract:How to control the potential ecological risks posed by heavy metals (HM) through the landscape regulation in coastal and estuary areas is a hot issue in wetland science. Taking the Yancheng coastal zone as a case, the landscape pattern changing process in 1975，1991，2000 and 2006, and their associated effects on HM accumulating were analyzed, integrating the spatial interpolation analysis of 6 HM of Cr，Cu，Fe，Mn，Ni and Zn. The result showed that the landscape changed dramatically from natural wetlands and barren lands in 1975 to fish ponds and farm lands in 2006. Artificial landscapes kept expanding while natural landscapes continued reducing. The landscape changing process reflected the development modes of the coastal areas. The HM analysis showed that the concentration of Cr，Cu，Mn，Ni，Zn had varied from the background values of 46.71, 20.22, 375.19, 21.68, and 60.69, to the values of 54.52, 19.14,548.83, 26.49, and 62.59（mg/kg）in 2007. It revealed a high correlation by the coupling analysis of landscape changing patterns and HM spatial concentration. How to establish quantitative coupling models of landscape pattern and process of HM accumulation to help regulating the landscape to reduce the regional ecological risks posed by HM is still a hot and hard question to be further studied.

Abstract:In this paper, for laying the foundation in future for the forecast and potential evaluation of green tide occurrence in the Yellow Sea, the photosynthetic physiological characteristics parameters and grade evaluation of free floating algae,Ulva prolifera drifting along Qingdao coast were studied. According to the difference of algae physiological states corresponding to the maximum light quantum yield (Fv/Fm), the floating Ulva proliferaare divided into four categories: Grade I: green healthy algae (G), the range of Fv/Fm value is from 0.70 to 0.75; Grade Ⅱ: green yellow sub health algae (GY), the range of Fv/Fm value is from 0.60 to 0.69; Grade Ⅲ: yellow ill health algae (Y), the range of Fv/Fm value is from 0.41 to 0.59; Grade IV: white decayed algae (W), the range of Fv/Fm value is from 0 to 0.40. The free floating algae sampled at various sampling points along Qingdao coast in 2011 can be classified into the following three categories after the measurement and evaluation on the algae state: Grade Ⅱ, the highest Fv/Fm value was 0.68 corresponding to the total chlorophyll content was (0.608±0.032) mg/g; Grade Ⅲ, the highest Fv/Fm value was 0.57 corresponding to the total chlorophyll content was (0.226±0.031) mg/g; Grade IV, the highest Fv/Fm value was 0.29 corresponding to the total chlorophyll content was (0.088±0.029) mg/g. Furthermore, the healthy levels of floating thalli were mainly composed of Grade Ⅲ (51.34% 71.37%) and Grade IV (17.84% 28.08%) in QD1 3 sampling points, and were predominated by Grade Ⅲ (above 95.13%) in QD4 6 sampling points, indicating that most free floating green tide algae could not survive in Qingdao coast. In addition, the results showed that the chlorophyll content was in direct proportion to the photosynthetic activity of U. prolifera(F=25.106,R=0.782,P<0.01), which provides a basis to explore the coupling relationship and consummate the evaluation system in the future.

Abstract:The infection of cyprinid herpesvirus Ⅱ (CyHV 2) in cultured gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) is a newly emerged severe disease and has caused huge economic losses. Currently, little information about the pathogenesis of disease is available. In this study, the healthy gibel carp was peritoneally injected with the ultra filtrated homogenate from the inner organs of diseased gibel carp infected by CyHV-2. 3 days later, the periphery blood from the infected gibel carp and the control group were collected for the investigation of blood biochemical indices, including haematocyte number, differential leucocyte count (DLC), phagocytic activity of phagocytes and serum biochemical indices, etc. The results showed, compared with the control group, the total cell number in periphery blood of the artificially infected fish had no apparent change, but the percentages of monocyte and lymphocyte were increased significantly, in which the lymphocyte percentage indicated highly significant difference（P＜0.01）and the monocyte percentage was of significant difference（0.01＜P＜0.05）; The percentages of neutrophilic granulocyt and thrombocyte in the infected group were declined at significant level（0.01＜P＜0.05). Meanwhile, the phagocytic percentage(PP) and phagocytic index (PI) of monocyte in the infected group was significantly higher than that of the control group（P＜0.01）, and the PP and PI of erythrocyte showed significant difference（0.01＜P＜0.05）.The total protein in the serum of infected fish was （34.32±2.52）mmol/L, which was significantly higher than that in the control group（28.00±2.17）mmol/L（0.01＜P＜0.05）; Highly significant increases of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alkaline phosphatase were found in the infected fish compared to the healthy fish（P＜0.01）.The concentrations of ALT,AST and ALP were （21.50±1.58）U/L,（407.50±4.52）U/L and （51.00±5.27）U/L in the challenged fish, respectively, while in the control group, they were （12.67±1.32）U/L,（346.50±3.07）U/L and （17.50±4.88）U/L. In contrast, the concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol and blood glucose in the infected group were declined, but showing no significant difference（P＞0.05）.

Abstract:Stable isotope in the beaks has become a good material for ecological study of cephalopod as the characteristic of single structure and incorrosiveness. In this study, the stable isotopes of beak and its relationship between mantle length, age and sexual maturity were analyzed based on the samples of Dosidicus gigas collected by Chinese jigging vessel during July to August in 2009. The results showed that the mantle length of samples ranged from 25.6 to 35.8 cm, body weight ranged from 447.6 to 1 122.3 g,and these samples belonged to small group. The values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of lower beaks was higher than upper beak, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N increased by mantle length and age, their relationships were fitted by the linear model. The values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵ N were variable with different sexual maturity stage, and the sample with stage Ⅲ has the maximum value of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵ N. The results indicated that its habitat shifted from the continental shelf to the ocean and the scope of activities of Dosidicus gigas gathered toward more productive waters from the changes of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N during the growth process of Dosidicus gigas. At the same time, the changes of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵ N were closely related with sexual maturity and individual growth process. It is recommended that the stable isotope of the beak and other hard tissues and its different parts should be studied combined with marine plankton in the studying area in order to provide a basis to understand and master the ecology of Dosidicus gigas in the future.

Abstract:The fluoride accumulating abnormality of Antarctic krill is a unique and interesting physiological trait, and its mechanism has drawn more and more attention. Advances in the researches of fluoride accumulating mechanism of Antarctic krill were reviewed in this paper, including the source of fluoride, the distribution characteristics, chemical speciation, and the analysis of variations of fluoride in Krill, and the speculation of accumulation patterns. The prospects of research trends in future were also discussed.

Abstract:Marine fishing industry is the main field of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission.Fishing vessels are with low level and have large potential of energy saving.This paper summaried the present status of the fishing vessels energy consumption and emissions in China, analyzed the characteristics of the biodiesel and the advantages and disadvantages as an alternative fuel, proposed the improving measures to blend biodiesel in diesel engines according to the features of marine fishing vessels. It performed a cost benefit analysis for the energy saving effect of blending 5% biodiesel in fishing boat energy.The results showed that there would be an average reduction about 1 371 yuan in fuel costs and 2 000 yuan in maintenance costs per year per ship if blending 5% biodiesel in marine fishing vessels,but an expensive cost of renovation. If all of Chinese diesel marine fishing vessels were blended 5% biodiesel, there would be a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions each year nearly 134 000 tons,thus it would produce more than 4 million yuan of social environmental benefits each year according to the current international carbon trading price.Biodiesel has certain economic advantages and significant environmental performance that can promote energy conservation of Chine’s marine fishing vessels and implementation of national emission reduction targets.

Abstract:The development of marine culture industry is closely related to the prominence of marine economy and rising of marine culture status in the ocean century. Till now it has become an economic, social and cultural growth force, demonstrating huge development potentials. The Yangtze River Delta Region, one of the most vigorous economic areas in China today, abounds in rich marine culture resources and profound cultural deposits. In the future modernization process of the region, sustainable economic development should be maintained; simultaneously, a transformation should be made from the exploitation of increasingly sterile land resources to abundant ocean resources, and ocean culture industry should be attached much importance. The city of Nantong, which lies in the Delta region, has drawn upon the marine advantage and promoted the interaction of ocean culture and economic activities; accordingly, in the city, the ocean culture industry has been emerging and thriving. Nantong’s development of ocean culture industry attributes a lot to its designed and operated systems and institutions, such as linkage of rivers and the sea, scientific planning, innovative mechanism, etc. and the development ideas of exploring and upholding the local humanist spirits. This also strategically provides referential paths and strategies for development of the marine culture industry of the whole Yangtze River Delta Region.