Abstract:The small-scale fisheries have been making great contributions to world food security, poverty reduction, nutrition, etc. However, the communities engaged in small-scale fisheries are facing vulnerable and unsecured living and working conditions, and the importance of small-scale fisheries management has been paid attention by various countries. The whole world hasn’t yet made a unified conclusion and management methods due to the variation of small-scale fisheries. Based on a collection of the identification of small-scale fisheries and management information of FAO and countries who have had small-scale fisheries management experience, the author indicate that the single model for Chinese fishery management is no longer applicable to the current situation of fisheries resources. And with the widespread concern of human rights and fair, there is a need to make a distinction between small-scale fisheries and large-scale fisheries in the management. The paper proposes a definition of small-scale fisheries concerning with the way of operating, operating waters, which should protect small-scale fisheries practitioners’ equitable participation and sustainable development of fisheries and resources.

Abstract:Size data is the basic information in fishery stock assessment and management. The spatio-temporal distribution of length-frequency derived from one fisheries dependent data can be used to estimate the distribution of its stock and recruitment. Multivariate regression tree (MRT) is a data-mining methodology that can analyze the relationships between multispecies data and environmental characteristics. In this study, based on the dressed weight data in the logbooks collected by Tuna Technology Group of China Distant-water Fisheries Association from December 2007 to December 2009, Multivariate Regression Tree and Geographical Information System (GIS) were applied to analyze spatio distribution and seasonal variation of bigeye tuna size in the Central Atlantic Ocean. The result showed that the large-sized bigeye tuna mainly distributed in 7.5°N-15°N, 17.5°W-45°W area; Medium-sized bigeye tuna mainly distributed in 12.5°S-5°N, 17.5°W-45°W area; Small-sized individuals mainly distributed in 7.5°S-5°N,5°W-17.5°W area. The results of K-S test showed that size distribution had seasonal differences apparently; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test proved that there were significant differences in size distribution among spatial areas. Quarter 1 and 2 appeared relatively homogeneous, and quarter 3 and 4 appeared relatively homogeneous.

Abstract:In this paper, we studied effect of the breeding density and water quality to the effect of Epinephelus coioides in the growth, feed coefficient and immunity. Total 450 groupers which average weight was 146.3 g/tail were divided to three experiment densities. The initial densities were 14.6, 21.7 and 29.5 kg/m3, respectively. The results showed that, under the same experiment conditions, higher stocking densities have a negative effect on fish growth. The special growth rate of the three treatments was 1.07, 0.60 and 0.47, respectively. With the augment of density, the weight of experiment groups showed a significant difference, in which the weight gain of each treatment was 118.5, 63.3 and 44.1 g, respectively. It was also found that the stocking density had insignificant impact on feed coefficient rate and survival rate. In addition, the feeding rate of Epinephelus coioides showed a significant negative correlation with the ammonia-N maintained time and concentration, but showed no direct contact with the stocking density. The immunity content of lysozyme (LZM), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased with increased density, and showed a trend of increased at first and then decreased with the extension of culture period.

Abstract:The cryoprotective effects of new protein cryoprotectant ,conventional cryoprotectant and conventional with new cryoprotectant in bighead surimi’s protein denaturation were studied during frozen storage using waterholding capacity, gel strength, folding experiment, water-soluble protein and salt-soluble protein as indicators. The results indicated that the new protein cryoprotectant and conventional cryoprotectant can slow down the rate of rise of surimi dehydration speed, the new protein cryoprotectant adding 0.5%(w/w), the filtration rate increase speed is low; Adding Compound antifreeze surimi with the lowest of filtration. Add different cryoprotectant during frozen can keep higher folding test score. The new protein cryoprotectant and conventional cryoprotectant bighead surimi gel strength, breaking strength and depressions both to maintain good effect. Add cryoprotectant from the water-soluble content can greatly inhibit freezing denaturation during frozen storage, better than conventional cryoprotectant. The results were substantially the same with water holding capacity, gelling properties and folding experiment. Trend of bighead carp surimi salt soluble protein and its gel characteristics similar trend, indicating that the protection of cryoprotectants on the salt-soluble proteins ultimately contribute to maintaining the gel properties of these proteins.

Abstract:The thermocline features is related to fishing success of surface tuna fishery, however, the thermocline is varied with the difference of areas and seasons, so the impact of thermocline on the fishing operations is also different. The present study analyzed the thermocline features in the fishing ground of Chinese tuna purse seiner fleet operating in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean and explored the relationship between locally thermocline feature and rate of fishing success for tuna purse seiners with combining to sinking performance of purse seine measured on the sea and the correspondent fishing information. The results showed that (1) the upper depths of thermocline for 91.2 percent settings were over 100 m in the survey period, so the deeper upper depth of thermocline were the important features of thermocline in the fishing ground. (2) the 95% confidence intervals for maximum sinking depth of gear, the upper depth of thermocline, and sinking depth of purse seine within the thermocline ranged from 185.0 to 197.8 m, from 146.0 to 158.3 m and from 34.3 m to 44.0 m, respectively. (3) Correlation analysis showed that there is no significant correlation between rate of fishing success and thermocline (p>0.05), the possible reason was that the deeper upper depth of thermocline in the locally fishing ground allow targeted fish to escape in the larger space before they close to the thermocline, which result in the sharp temperature gradient of thermocline lost the effect to obstruct the fish.

Abstract:The most of fish species have the schooling behavior, due to the different causes and mechanism of schooling, which presented by varied definition of different words, such as shoal, cluster or aggregation even swam or flock etc. This article describes and analyses the definitions and classification based on their characteristics, and recommend the word “schooling” is mostly reflecting the phenomenon of fish migration in group. The way to explore the mechanism of schooling, the factors having impact on their behavior, and the methods used in the varied studies ?are reviewed. And the characteristic of the structure of fish school, sub-groups, the phenomena of self-organization etc are summarized. It is recommended that the mathematics model and simulation technical is an effective method to explore the mechanism of fish self-organization phenomenon. This is a way to understand nature by "linkage by phenomena only", based on observation data, experience and phenomena observed, building mathematics model for predicating and forecasting the fish behavior and schooling structure, the results of simulation will again be compared with the actual observation records, it might speculate or determine the dominant factors which effecting the schooling phenomenon or mechanism. Meanwhile, Computer technology provides support for the creation of complex models using simulation technology as an effective tool to study fish schooling behavior in recent years.

Abstract:The symptom of muscle whitish occurred in marine cultured ridgetail white prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda, in Qidong, Jiangsu province. The muscle of abdomen, cephalothorax, pereiopoda, tail fan showed clearly pathological changes. The microscopical examination with wet mount of vivo revealed many spherical cysts existed in muscle tissues. Morphological and structural analysis of pathogen confirmed it was the microsporidian by using ultramicroscopic technique. The pathological analyses of infected tissues were also performed. The results indicated that this microsporidian was featured by sporophorous vesicle structure. Sporophorous vesicles containing eight spores measured 5.4 ± 0.55 (4.4~6.6) μm. The mature spores were oval-shaped, approximately 2.3±0.25 (1.7~2.8) μm ×1.5±0.19 (1.2~1.9) μm with 9-10 polar ?lament coils. Pathological analysis showed that the parasite invaded the gill, stomach, gut and muscle tissues of host and caused different pathological changes, especially worst in the skeletal muscle. Muscle fibres of the abdomen were largely replaced by spherical sporophorous vesicles. Myofibres were ruptured apparently. The number of vacuoles increased and the mitochondria disappeared. The hypertrophy and vacuolization, part of gill membranes necrosis, disappearing of nucleoplasm, cytoplasm and organelles were observed in gill cells. The electron densities of cytoplasmic matrix in the stomach cells increased and the spores lived around the lipid droplets in connective tissue. The nucleoplasm of the gut epithelial cell condensed and some muscularis disappeared. Parasites located between the submucosa and muscle layer in gut.

Abstract:This article through imitating the experiment of the optical properties of lamp boxes, depending on the collection experiments of different fish Aggregation lamp boxes, and using matlab7.0 software building the illuminate distribution model of saury aggregation lights, studies and contrasts the lamp effect of different light illumination in fishing gathering lamp. The results show that: different ground illumination distribution of fishing gathering lamp with distance increasing increases first and decreases; and the change laws of lamp strong values and the illumination distribution are different in different fish collection lights, there is the maximum at the distance of 1 meter, and the light intensity meets: upper light intensity > middle light intensity > lower light intensity; with the light moving from the upper to the lower, the light intensity coefficience of k(L) decreases gradually. It shows that the middle light intensity changes stability and it could represent the changes of the whole lamp boxes in some extent.

Abstract:Litopenaeus vannamei–GILI tilapia enclosure polyculture experiment was conducted in Dianbai, Maoming city, Guangdong province from June to August, 2011. Selecting an experiment pond, and setting up 24 enclosures(6×6×2m). These enclosures were divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E, F), each group has four parallels, among these groups, A, B, C, D and E was experimental group, stocking tilapia 4, 8, 12, 18, 24 tail in each enclosure, respectively, F was control group, not stocking tilapia. Experimental groups and control group all stocking shrimp 3000 tail each enclosure. During aquaculture time, investigations of water quality factors and phytoplankton Community were conducted .The results showed as follows: (1) Throughout the culture period, dissolved oxygen content was close in all group. Nitrite and ammonia concentration showed an increasing trend in each group, among them, C and D group were significantly lower than A, B, E and F group (P<0.05). The concentration of COD and TOC were experimental groups higher than control groups. In the experimental groups, A and B group were higher than C, D and E group. The increase amount of TN and TP, group A is highest, control group F is lowest, while in experimental groups, A and E were higher than B, C and D three groups. (2) 36 phytoplankton species were identified during the culture period. Dominant species is single and prominent. Phytoplankton community structure were better in C and D groups than A and B groups. Experimental groups Chlorophylla content were higher than control group, between the experimental groups A and B were higher than other three groups. These results indicate that polyculture appropriate density of tilapia in shrimp ponds is conducive to improving water quality, regulate and control the type and quantity of phytoplankton.

Abstract:In this study，the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of a total of 82 individuals from three Triplophysa xiangxiensis（T. xiangxiensis）populations which were sampled from three caves in Wulongshan mountain were evaluated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Cytochrome b(cytb) gene and Control region (D-loop) sequences．1140bp of the mitochondrial cytb partial sequences and 934 bp of D-loop partial sequences were obtained．No genetic variation were found in cyt b， and all sequences were identical， the contents of T,C,A,and G nucleotides occupied 28.3%、28.6%、28.1%、15.0%．In the control region，the sequence analysis of the 73 samples revealed 7 haplotypes with haplotype diversity ranging from 0.230 to 0.282．6 polymorphic sites were found from all samples，and all were singleton variable．Seven haplotypes were detected among the sequences，with one of them (haplotype 1) being popular which represented by 73 individuals?．As for annual samples, sequences of all individuals from year 2008 were completely identical except one，and four and five haplotypes were determined from specimens of year 2009 and 2010，respectively．The nucleotide diversisty ranged from 0.00009 to 0.00032，respectively．All of which revealed that the genetic diversity in these three T. xiangxiensis populations were low．Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) revealed that 100.89% of the genetic variability occurred within annual temporary samples，and negative value of 0.89% was contributed from among temporary samples．The network constructed by sequences of control region displayed a star-like topology，with the haplotype 1 in center and the other haplotypes connecting with it by one step of mutation reveals．

Abstract:Based on the investigations on Feb and August, 2004 in the Yangtze River Estuary, the concentration distributions of nitrate (NO₃-N), ammonium (NH₄-N) and phosphate (PO₄-P) in the bottom and surface layers are presented for analysis. It is found that the concentration of the new nutrient (nitrate) shows the high level near the coast and gradually decreases toward the continental shelf in two seasons; whereas the concentration of the generated nutrients (ammonium and phosphate) show the .high level in the bottom layer comparable to that in the surface layer in summer. Since the phytoplankton is the most active in summer, the nutrients in the upper layer are consumed largely due to the photoproduction. At the meanwhile, the nutrients regenerated on the sea floor can reenter the bottom layer of the water column and make up the nutrient content. Therefore, the concentration of regenerated nutrients is higher in the bottom layer than that in the surface layer. In winter, nutrient distributions in the surface and bottom layers show the similar way due to the strong vertical mixing in the water column. The further research on the nutrient limitation, according to the Redfield theory, shows that the phosphorus limitation dominates in the river estuary, and such a trend gradually shift to the nitrogen limitation toward the continental shelf. The variation of the nutrient limitation may be dependent on the relative strength between the Changjiang Diluted Water and the intrusion branch of Kuroshio.

Abstract:The oceanic squid is a kind of short life cycle species which has the characteristics of being dead immediately after spawning, and the stock size entirely depends on the recruitment, while the recruitment mainly depends on the mortality of the oceanic squid in the early life stages. Ommastrephes bartramii is an important economic cephalopod, and widely distribute in the North Pacific Ocean, therefore understanding the progress of the early life history of Ommastrephes bartramii thoroughly can play an important role on predicting the changes of recruitment in the next year. For this purpose, this paper mainly reviews and discusses the distribution of paralarval and juvenile of Ommastrephes bartramii, feeding, age and growth, natural mortality, also the correlation between the environment and recruitment. This passage also gives a brief introduction of the progress of embryonic development and morphological changes of larvae. The early life history which is from spawning to hatching and embryonic development to grow to be larvae is a very important and least understood stage. Future research should focus on this stage by studying the growth and death of the larvae and the influents of environment changes on the squid hatching success, as well as the stock recruitment.

Abstract:Ras is mainly involved in the epidermal growth factor family regulating the signaling pathway of cell proliferation.To investigate the relationship between ras expression and metamorphosis in Paralichthys olivaceus, the full-length cDNA of ras-2 gene with 2384bp was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The ras-2 gene encodes 187 amino acids with typic structure such as switchⅠ, switchⅡ, P-loop and CAAX box, sharing 96.3% sequence similarity with another flatfish Platichthys flesus. RT-qPCR revealed that ras-2 gene was expressed universally in adult P. olivaceus. The highest expression of ras-2 was found in the fin, while the lowest expression in the muscle. During metamophosis of P. olivaceus, expressional level of ras-2 gene was decreasing significantly. The whole mount RNA in situ hybridization further showed the expression pattern of ras-2 during metamorphosis of P.olivaceus and revealed it expression mainly in the epidermal tissues locating in fin, jaw, orbit, nostril, lateral line and so on. Higher expression signals were observed mainly in fin, lateral line, jaw and gill during metamorphosis. Since Ras-MAPK pathway is well-known in regulating cell proliferation, basing on expressional pattern of ras-2 gene, we postulate that ras-2 might participate in eye migration and development of lateral line, dorsal fin and gill via regulating epidermic cell proliferation during metamorphosis of P.olivaceus.

Abstract:We observed the embryonic development of normal diploid (N), gynogenetic diploid (G) and haploid (H) of Nibea albiflora , and its early growth were compared. The results were as follows: (1) Fertilization rate N>H>G, Hatching rate N>G>H, Deformity rate H>G>N, 72 hours survival rate N>G>H. (2) It took about 21 hours 10 minutes for the normal diploid, for gynogenetic diploid and haploid, however, it took 23 hours 10 minutes and 23 hours 30 minutes to hatch, respectively. The embryonic development lag phenomenon were mainly appeared in early gastrula stage and hatching stage for gynogenetic diploid, in late gastrula stage for haploid. Morphologically, the haploid embryos showed typical haploid syndrome, while the gynogenetic diploid and normal diploid embryos had normal morphology and no significant difference between them. The death peak appeared in late gastrula stage for each group, all haploid larvae dead before mouth-open period. (3) Before 60 days age, the growth rate of gynogenetic diploid was obviously slower than normal diploid and individual quite different within the former group.

Abstract:Gobiocypris rarus is a small cyprinids (carp) ，as a new model organism used in experimental research.In this study, using the ordinary PCR method to get a long sequence of 6299 bp. According to 5 'end of 6299 bp sequence , design two pairs of specific primers, using walking genome technology,to get 1285 bp sequence.7573 bp sequence after sequence assembly , which vitellogenin gene sequences of 6595 bp, upstream regulatory sequences of 978 bp. By open reading frame analysis , Gobiocypris rarus vitellogenin gene contains 26 exons and 25 introns, encoding 1299 amino acid sequence, CDS length 3900 bp. By BLAST comparison, Gobiocypris rarus vitellogenin upstream regulatory sequence 220 bp-838 bp interval and Acheilognathus yamatsutae vitellogenin gene promoter sequences 2857 bp-3144 bp interval have 80% similarity.

Abstract:Many fish are capable of producing sounds for communication. Sound characteristics and sound production system of marbled rockfish Sebasticus marmoratus were investigated. The sound production system consists of swimbladder and swimbladder muscles. The muscles originate on the base of the pterotic bones of skull, pass the I-VII ribs, then attach on the posterior portion of the swimbladder dorsolaterally. During dyadic agonistic encounters, the fish produce the sounds consist of a series of individual pulses with average duration of 32.6±2.6 ms, average interpulse intervals of 51.8±81.4ms, and dominant frequency of 68-175 Hz from fishes about 13cm in body length. The dominant frequency is consistent with the reciprocal of second energy cycle of pulse. The results suggested that the sound was produced by the contracting and relaxation of swimbladder muscles.

Abstract:Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) is located at the key site of plant carbon metabolism pathways which can regulate the protein content and the lipid content in cell, and the down-regulation of PEPC expression caused increased lipid accumulation. In this study, we cloned the fragment of the "bacterial-type" pepc2 gene from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (named Crpepc2)and the Hsp70A-RBCS2 promoter (named HR), inserted the HR and Crpepc2 into pSP124s vector, then the reverse recombinant vector pSP124s-HR-reve-Crpepc2 was obtained. The pSP124s and pSP124s-HR-reve-Crpepc2 vector was transformed into C. reinhardtii cc-503 strain through biolistic, respectively, the blank strain and reverse stain was obtained. The relative expression of pepc2 gene was measured in wild stain, blank strain and reverse stain by using qPCR. The date showed that the pSP24s in the blank strain didn’t obviously influence the relative expression of pepc2 gene, which was 92.95% of that of the wild stain, and the reve-Crpepc2 in the reverse stain significant inhibition the relative expression of pepc2 gene, which was only 2.94% of that of the wild stain. This result indicated that we have established the method to detect the relative expression of pepc2 gene in C.reinhardtii by using qPCR, and it also proved that “reverse vector method (RVM)” could effectively inhibit the expression of pepc2 gene in C.reinhardtii. These efforts were lay a good foundation for screening high-lipid content reverse strain.

Abstract:By retrieving the SICE of the Thomson Reuters Web of Science database, the author found there are 1015 SCI papers participating in Shanghai Ocean University authors. Around these papers, this article analysis and compare to the status of Shanghai Ocean University in papers published in SCI from published year, country, cooperation agency, funding situation, research direction, and cited situation. And thus certain extent reflects the level of research capacity and the ability of the university. The author thinks that the university has more fast of upgrade and development of research level and strength in recent years, but there is a gap with the domestic and international advanced level. So the university also needs considerable development and progress.

Abstract:To investigate the effects of different densities and sizes of spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) on production and nutrient recovery in integrated culture(IMTA) system of white shrimp, spotted scat and water spinach, an experiment was conducted using a 3 ×2 factorial design in 21 outdoor cement tanks (5×3×1.2m). Combinations of two kinds of sizes (10.0, 30.0 g fish-1) and three kinds of densities (1, 2 and 3 fish m-2) of spotted scat were set, while three additional tanks with shrimp monoculture were used as a control. There was no water exchange and feed input to all treatments was limited to the same amount. In comparison with monoculture, IMTA model increased the shrimp survival rate, total biomass and combined overall FCR remarkably. The combined nutrient recovery in IMTA tanks was significantly higher than in single shrimp tanks (P<0.05), ranging from 44.4% to 62.5% for total nitrogen and from 19.4% to 29.1% for total phosphorous. The optimal stocking density and size of spotted scat were 2 or 3 fish m-2 and 30.0 g fish-1.

Abstract:Flatfish larvae metamorphose from bilaterally symmetrical larvae into asymmetrically shaped juveniles with two eyes in ocular side, and the ocular side pectoral fin is larger than the one on blind side. Many members of Tbx family take part in many organogenesis processes, including heart, limb and eye. However, the relationship between Tbx gene and flatfish larvae metamorphosis has not been reported. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and bone/cartilage staining method to observe the morphology in Paralichthys olivaceus pre-metamorphosis stage (2 dph) and pro-metamorphosis stage (26 dph) larvae. The results indicate that pectoral fins bud appears at 2 dph, and pectoral and pelvic fins mature at 26 dph. The pectoral and pelvic fins are still bilaterally symmetric by that stage. Then we cloned partial CDS of Tbx5 gene, which encoded a polypeptide with conserved T-domain, sharing 93% identity with zebrafish Tbx5. Phylogentic analysis reveals that this partial CDS is grouped with teleost branch, but separated with tetrapod branch. The whole-mount in situ hybridization shows that Tbx5 gene is expressed in pectoral fins, eyes, vertebra, and allantoic vesicle at 26 dph larvae of Paralichthys olivaceus. In addition, the expression of Tbx5 gene in eyes and pectoral fins are asymmetry between the left and the right sides, which is higher expressed in the eyes and pectoral fins of the left side (ocular side) than the right side (blind side). All these results suggest that Tbx5 genes may involve in the metamorphosis process of Paralichthys olivaceus.

Abstract:The Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) is a new regime in the law of the sea, whose development is closed related to the expanding jurisdiction of littoral states, which has been widely identified by the international community after years of practice. China enjoy certain rights of sovereignty and jurisdiction by legislation, and practice a lot to legislation, law enforcing, exploration and conservation of resources, fisheries management, shipping management, marine science and technology, marine ecological environment protection, etc. However, there's much distance for advancing, such as legislation, law enforcement, management and rights protection, which are harmful to the exercise of jurisdiction and rights protection. Therefore, China faces great challenges in improving the legal system of EEZ, enhancing the level of law enforcement capacity, and promoting the sustainable development of natural resources, so as to be adapt to the development of international marine management. Some advice are issued in this essay on the basis of summarizing and concluding the problems on China EZZ management, expecting to help to enhance the integrated ability of management in EZZ.

Abstract:In resent years, the phenomenon of China's eastern coastal was invaded by Enteromorpha prolifera because of environmental change and anthropogenic factors occured frequently. The significance of the study on fermentation of E. prolifera is in order to make the high -quality macroalgae biomass feedstock to be used rationally and efficiently, and to turning waste into treasure; On the other hand, It is a method to rich types of raw materials of biogas in fermentation process to achieve the purpose of the development of renewable energy. In this paper, We research in the effects on the biomass production by anaerobic fermentation of E. prolifera at different granule sizes(coarse particles 0.30-0.85mm, medium-grained 0.15-0.30mm, fine-grained 0.075-0.15mm) and under different pretreatment methods(thermal pretreatment, dilute alkali pretreatment, acid pretreatment). The results show that, biogas production rate of volatile solids (VS) in anaerobic fermentation process of using E. prolifera at different granule sizes witch was mentioned above are 386.9ml/g, 434.4ml/g and 436.5ml/g.The production of biogas of E. prolifera at medium-grained showed 12.26% improvement than that at coarse particles, The experiments of E. prolifera at fine-grained showed 0.49% improvement than that at medium-grained. It shows that the smaller the particle size, the more improvement of utilization of E. prolifera in biogas production. It was found that, Compared with the group without pretreatment, efficiency of biogas production of the three pretreated groups (thermal, dilute alkali and acid pretreatment methods) showed 13.13%, 11.39% and 3.63% improvement when all the groups were under the same conditions(the same as the previous experiment). Alkaline pretreatment method showed the best result, biogas production rate of volatile solids of this group is 493.3ml/g. Alkaline pretreatment method improved biogas production efficiency in fermentation effectively, and the pH value in the process is relatively stable. This study tries to provide a theoretical reference to the research of biogas production process by anaerobic fermentation of E. prolifera.

Abstract:Generally, the lifespan of a Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is two years, and then the crab would be died after it finishes the reproduction. Theoretically, the Chinese mitten crabs of adjacent two years (e.g. 2010 and 2011) would not conduct genetic mating or gene flow. There is a highly hypothesis that there were two lineages or categories of the odd and even years in this crab. In this paper, genetic differentiation was analyzed and the hypothesis was tested using seven wild populations (sampled in 2004、2006 ~ 2011) from the Yangtze River based on 18 microsatellite loci. The results indicated that: ① the HO and HE of the odd year populations were significantly lower than these of the even year populations (P < 0.05 ); ② There were significant pairwise FST difference (P = 0.024) between the odd and even year populations; ③The phylogenetic dendrograms based on NJ methods showed obvious two clades, one clade consisted of the even year populations, another consisted of the odd populations; ④ Both Principal coordinate analysis and STRUCTURE genetic clustering analysis indicated that significant genetic differentiation between the odd and even year populations, but slight genetic introgression would had occurred between them; ⑤ Genetic bottleneck signal was detected in the two even year populations (2004, 2006) and odd year populations (2007, 2011). The results of this study demonstrated that the Chinese mitten crab in Yangtze River exist two lineages of the odd and even year populations, however, there were a level of gene flow between the two lineages.

Abstract:Ras is mainly involved in the epidermal growth factor family regulating the signaling pathway of cell proliferation.To investigate the relationship between ras-2 expression and metamorphosis in Paralichthys olivaceus, the full length cDNA of ras-2 gene with 2 384 bp was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The ras-2 gene encodes 187 amino acids with typical structure such as switchⅠ, switchⅡ, P loop and CAAX box, sharing 96.3% sequence similarity with another flatfish Platichthys flesus. RT-qPCR revealed that ras-2 gene was expressed universally in adult Paralichthys olivaceus. The highest expression of ras-2 was found in the fin, while the lowest expression in the muscle. During metamophosis of Paralichthys olivaceus, expressional level of ras-2 gene was decreasing significantly. The whole mount RNA in situ hybridization further showed the expression pattern of ras-2 during metamorphosis of Paralichthys olivaceus and revealed its expression mainly in the epidermal tissues located in fin, jaw, orbit, nostril, lateral line and so on. Higher expression signals were observed mainly in fin, lateral line, jaw and gill during metamorphosis. Since Ras MAPK pathway is well known in regulating cell proliferation, based on expressional pattern of ras-2 gene, we postulate that ras-2 might participate in eye migration and development of lateral line, dorsal fin and gill via regulating epidermic cell proliferation during metamorphosis of Paralichthys olivaceus.

Abstract:Flatfish larvae metamorphose from bilaterally symmetrical larvae into asymmetrically shaped juveniles with two eyes on ocular side, and the ocular side pectoral fin is larger than the one on blind side. Many members of Tbx family take part in many organogenesis processes, including heart, limb and eye. However, the relationship between Tbx gene and flatfish larval metamorphosis has not been reported. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and bone/cartilage staining method to observe the morphology in Paralichthys olivaceus pre metamorphosis stage (2 dph) and pro metamorphosis stage (26 dph) larvae. The results indicate that pectoral fin bud appears at 2 dph, and pectoral and pelvic fins mature at 26 dph. The pectoral and pelvic fins are still bilaterally symmetric by that stage. Then we cloned partial CDS of Tbx5 gene, which encoded a polypeptide with conserved T domain, sharing 93% identity with zebrafish Tbx5. Phylogentic analysis reveals that this partial CDS is grouped with teleost branch, but separated with tetrapod branch. The whole mount in situ hybridization shows that Tbx5 gene is expressed in pectoral fins, eyes, vertebra, and allantoic vesicle at 26 dph larvae of Paralichthys olivaceus. In addition, the expression of Tbx5 gene in eyes and pectoral fins are asymmetric between the left and the right sides, which is more highly expressed in the eyes and pectoral fins of the left side (ocular side) than the right side (blind side). All these results suggest that Tbx5 genes may be involved in the metamorphosis process of Paralichthys olivaceus.

Abstract:Generally, the lifespan of a Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) is two years, and then the crab would die after it finishes the reproduction. Theoretically, the Chinese mitten crabs of adjacent two years (e.g. 2010 and 2011) would not conduct genetic mating or gene flow. There is a hypothesis that there were two lineages of the odd and even years in this crab. In this paper, genetic differentiation was analyzed and the hypothesis was tested using seven wild populations (sampled in 2004,2006-2011) from the Yangtze River based on 18 microsatellite loci. The results indicated that: (1)the HO and HE of the odd year populations were significantly lower than those of the even year populations (P<0.05 ); (2)There were significant pairwise F_ST differences (P=0.024) between the odd and even year populations; (3)The phylogenetic dendrograms based on NJ methods showed obvious two clades, one clade consisted of the even year populations, another consisted of the odd populations; (4)Both principal coordinate analysis and STRUCTURE genetic clustering analysis indicated that significant genetic differentiation between the odd and even year populations, but slight genetic introgression would have occurred between them; (5)Genetic bottleneck signal was detected in the two even year populations (2004, 2006) and odd year populations (2007, 2011). The results of this study demonstrated that the Chinese mitten crab in Yangtze River have two lineages of the odd and even year populations, however, there was a certain level of gene flow between the two lineages.

Abstract:Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) is located at the key site of plant carbon metabolism pathways which can regulate the protein content and the lipid content in cell, and the down regulation of PEPC expression caused increased lipid accumulation. In this study, we cloned the fragment of the “bacterial type” pepc2 gene from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (named Crpepc2)and the Hsp70A RBCS2 promoter (named HR), inserted the HR and Crpepc2 into pSP124s vector, then the reverse recombinant vector pSP124s HR reve Crpepc2 was obtained. The pSP124s and pSP124s HR reve Crpepc2 vector were transformed into C. reinhardtii cc 503 strain through biolistic, respectively, the blank strain and reverse strain were obtained. The relative expression of pepc2 gene was measured in wild strain, blank strain and reverse strain by using qPCR. The date showed that the pSP24s in the blank strain didn’t obviously influence the relative expression of pepc2 gene, which was 92.95% of that of the wild strain, and the reve Crpepc2 in the reverse strain significantly inhibited the relative expression of pepc2 gene, which was only 2.94% of that of the wild strain. This result indicated that we have established the method to detect the relative expression of pepc2 gene in C.reinhardtii by using qPCR, and it also proved that “reverse vector method (RVM)” could effectively inhibit the expression of pepc2 gene in C.reinhardtii. These findings may lay a good foundation for screening high lipid content reverse strain.

Abstract:Many fishes are capable of producing sounds for communication. Sound characteristics and sound production system of marbled rockfish Sebasticus marmoratus were investigated. The sound production system consists of swimbladder and swimbladder muscles. The muscles originate on the base of the pterotic bones of skull, pass the I VII ribs, then attach on the posterior portion of the swimbladder dorsolaterally. During dyadic agonistic encounters, the fish produce the sounds that consist of a series of individual pulses with average duration of (32.6±2.6) ms, average interpulse intervals of (51.8±81.4) ms, and dominant frequency of 68-175 Hz from fish about 13 cm in body length. The dominant frequency is consistent with the reciprocal of second energy cycle of pulse. The results suggested that the sound was produced by the contracting and relaxation of swimbladder muscles.

Abstract:Gobiocypris rarus is a unique species of small fish in China. At present study, a fragment of 6 299 bp was cloned by PCR method. It was found that the sequence identity of coding area of this fragment is 100% compared to the cDNA sequence of vitellogenin of Gobiocypris rarus. By using genome walking technique, a product of 1 285 bp was acquired based on the 6 299 bp sequence. Finally, a sequence of 7 573 bp was gotten by comparing the two fragments of 1 285 bp and 6 299 bp, with a vitellogenin gene of 6 595 bp and upstream sequence of 978 bp. After the ORF analysis , it was found there were 26 exons and 25 introns, the CDS was 3 900 bp which code 1 200 amino acid. Blast analysis found there existed 80% sequence identity between the upstream fragment of 220-838 bp of our sequence and the promoter sequence of 2 875-3 469 bp of vitellogenin of Acheilognathas yamatsutae.

Abstract:In this study，the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of a total of 82 individuals from three Triplophysa xiangxiensis populations which were sampled from three caves in Wulongshan mountain were evaluated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)， cytochrome b(Cytb) gene and control region (D-loop) sequences．1 140 bp of the mitochondrial Cytb partial sequences and 934 bp of D-loop partial sequences were obtained．No genetic variation was found in cyt b， and all sequences were identical， the contents of T,C,A,and G nucleotides occounted for 28.3%，28.6%，28.1%，15.0%．In the control region，the sequence analysis of the 73 samples revealed 7 haplotypes with haplotype diversity ranging from 0.083 to 0.282．6 polymorphic sites were found from all samples，and all were singleton variables．Seven haplotypes were detected among the sequences，with one of them (haplotype 1) being popular which was represented by 73 individuals．As for annual samples, sequences of all individuals from year 2008 were completely identical except one，and four and five haplotypes were determined from specimens of year 2009 and 2010，respectively．The nucleotide diversisty ranged from 0.000 09 to 0.000 32，respectively．All of which revealed that the genetic diversity in these three T. xiangxiensis populations was low．Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) revealed that 100.89% of the genetic variability occurred within annual temporary samples，and negative value of 0.89% came from among temporary samples．The network constructed by sequences of control region displayed a star like topology，with the haplotype 1 in center and the other haplotypes connecting with it by one step of mutation．

Abstract:We observed the embryonic development of normal diploid (N), gynogenetic diploid (G) and haploid (H) of Nibea albiflora , and its early growth were compared. The results were as follows: (1) Fertilization rate N>H>G, Hatching rate N>G>H, Deformity rate H>G>N, 72 hours survival rate N>G>H. (2) It took about 21 hours 10 minutes for the normal diploid, for gynogenetic diploid and haploid, however, it took 23 hours 10 minutes and 23 hours 30 minutes to hatch, respectively. The embryonic development lag phenomenon were mainly appeared in early gastrula stage and hatching stage for gynogenetic diploid, in late gastrula stage for haploid. Morphologically, the haploid embryos showed typical haploid syndrome, while the gynogenetic diploid and normal diploid embryos had normal morphology and no significant difference between them. The death peak appeared in late gastrula stage for each group, all haploid larvae dead before mouth open period. (3) Before 60 days age, the growth rate of gynogenetic diploid was obviously slower than normal diploid and individual quite different within the former group.

Abstract:Litopenaeus vannamei GILI tilapia enclosure polyculture experiment was conducted in Dianbai, Maoming city, Guangdong province from June to August, 2011. Selecting an experiment pond, and setting up 24 enclosures. These enclosures were divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E, F), each group has four parallels, among these groups F was control group, not stocking tilapia. During aquaculture time, investigations of water quality factors and phytoplankton community were conducted .The results showed as follows: (1) Throughout the culture period, dissolved oxygen content was close in all groups. Nitrite and ammonia concentration showed an increasing trend in each group, and among them, C and D groups were significantly lower than A, B, E and F groups (P<0.05). The concentration of COD and TOC were experimental groups higher than control groups. In the experimental groups, A and B groups were higher than C, D and E groups. As for the increase amount of TN and TP, group A is highest, control group F is lowest, while in experimental groups, A and E were higher than B, C and D groups. (2) 36 phytoplankton species were identified during the culture period. Dominant species is single and prominent. Experimental groups Chlorophyll a content were higher than control group, and between the experimental groups, A and B were higher than other three groups. These results indicate that polyculture appropriate density of tilapia in shrimp ponds is conducive to improving water quality, and can regulate and control the type and quantity of phytoplankton.

Abstract:In this paper, we studied effect of the breeding density and water quality on Epinephelus coioides in the growth, feed coefficient and immunity. Total 450 groupers whose average weight was 146.3 g/tail were divided into three experiment densities. The initial densities were 14.6, 21.7 and 29.5 kg/m³, respectively. The results showed that, the content of ammonia nitrogen was influenced significantly (P<0.05) by the stocking density, and the feeding rate of Epinephelus coioides showed a significant negative correlation with the ammonia N maintained time and concentration. Under the same experiment conditions, higher stocking densities have a negative effect on fish growth. The specific growth rate of the three treatments was 1.07, 0.60 and 0.47, respectively. With the augmentation of density, the weight of experiment groups showed a significant difference, in which the weight gain of each treatment was 118.5, 63.3 and 44.1 g, respectively. It was also found that the stocking density had insignificant impact on feed coefficient rate and survival rate. The immunity content of lysozyme (LZM), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased with increased density, and showed a trend of increase at first and then decreased with the extension of culture period. The article revealed that one mechanisms of breeding density influenced Epinephelus coioides growth, maybe density caused water quality to change, which in turn affects the feeding rate of Epinephelus coioides, and resulting in the significant difference in growth performance of different density grouper.

Abstract:To investigate the effects of different densities and sizes of spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) on production and nutrient recovery in integrated culture（IMTA） system of white shrimp, spotted scat and water spinach, an experiment was conducted using a 3×2 factorial design in 21 outdoor cement tanks (5 m×3 m×1.2 m). Combinations of two kinds of sizes (10.0, 30.0 g/ind) and three kinds of densities (1, 2 and 3 ind/m²) of spotted scat were set, while three additional tanks with shrimp monoculture were used as a control. There was no water exchange and feed input to all treatments was limited to the same amount. In comparison with monoculture, IMTA model increased the shrimp survival rate, total biomass and combined overall FCR remarkably. The combined nutrient recovery in IMTA tanks was significantly higher than in single shrimp tanks (P<0.05), ranging from 44.4% to 62.5% for total nitrogen and from 19.4% to 29.1% for total phosphorous. The optimal stocking density and size of spotted scat were 2 or 3 ind/m² and 30.0 g/ind.

Abstract:Based on the investigations in February and August, 2004 in the Yangtze River Estuary, the concentration distributions of nitrate (NO₃-N), ammonium (NH_{4-N) and phosphate (PO4-P) in the bottom and surface layers are presented for analysis. It is found that the concentration of the new nutrient (nitrate) shows the high level near the coast and gradually decreases toward the continental shelf in two seasons; whereas the concentration of the regenerated nutrients (ammonium and phosphate) show the high level in the bottom layer comparable to that in the surface layer in summer. Since the phytoplankton is the most active in summer, the nutrients in the upper layer are consumed largely due to the photosynthesis. In the meanwhile, the nutrients regenerated on the sea floor can reenter the bottom layer of the water column and make up the nutrient content. Therefore, the concentrations of regenerated nutrients are higher in the bottom layer than that in the surface layer. In winter, the nutrients are distributed in the similar way in the surface and bottom layers due to the strong vertical mixing in the water column. The further research on the nutrient limitation, according to the Redfield theory, shows that the phosphorus limitation dominates in the river mouth, and such a trend gradually shifts to the nitrogen limitation toward the continental shelf. The variation of the nutrient limitation may be dependent on the relative strength between the Changjiang diluted water and the intrusion branch of the Kuroshio Current.}

Abstract:Marine cultured ridgetail white prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda, in Qidong, Jiangsu province showed a typical sign of muscle whitening. The muscle in abdomen, cephalothorax, pereiopoda and tail fan all exhibited clearly pathological changes. Microscopical examination of fresh muscle demonstrated that there were lots of spherical cysts in the tissue. Further, morphological and structural analysis confirmed that the pathogen belonged to the species of microsporidian by using ultramicroscopic technique. Specifically, the pathogen was characterized by sporophorous vesicle structure which usually contained eight spores and was (5.4 ± 0.55) μm in size. The mature spores were oval shaped, approximately (2.3±0.25) μm in length and (1.5±0.19) μm in breadth. The polar filament was wrapped around the inside of the spore into 9-10 coils. In addition, pathological analysis showed that the parasite invaded the gill, stomach, gut and muscle tissues of host and caused pathological changes in different degree. Among these tissues, the skeletal muscle was damaged most severely. Muscle fibres in the abdomen were largely replaced by spherical sporophorous vesicles. Myofibrils were ruptured apparently. The number of vacuoles increased and the mitochondrion disappeared. The gill tissue exhibited signs of hypertrophy, vacuolization and membrane necrosis with the disappearing of nucleoplasm, cytoplasm and organelles. Electron density of cytoplasmic matrix in the stomach cells increased obviously and spores mainly distributed around the lipid droplets in the connective tissue. Whereas in gut, the parasite mainly distributed between the submucosa and muscle layer with the nucleoplasm of epithelial cells condensed and the muscle layer being destructed.

Abstract:The most of fish species have the schooling behavior, due to the different causes and mechanism of schooling, which are presented by varied definitions of different words, such as shoal, cluster or aggregation, even swam or flock, etc. This article describes and analyses the definitions and classification based on their characteristics, and recommends the word “schooling” is mostly reflecting the phenomenon of fish migration in group. The way to explore the mechanism of schooling, the factors having impact on their behavior, and the methods used in the varied studies are reviewed. And the characteristics of the structure of fish school, sub groups, the phenomena of self organization, etc. are summarized. It is recommended that the mathematics model and simulation technique are effective methods to explore the mechanism of fish self organization phenomenon. This is a way to understand nature by “linkage by phenomena only”, based on observation data, experience and phenomena observed, building mathematics model for predicating and forecasting the fish behavior and schooling structure, and the results of simulation will again be compared with the actual observation records. It might speculate or determine the dominant factors affecting the schooling phenomenon or mechanism. Meanwhile, computer technology provides support for the creation of complex models using simulation technology as an effective tool to study fish schooling behavior in recent years.

Abstract:The Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) is a new regime in the Law of the Sea, whose development is closely related to the expanding jurisdiction of littoral states, which has been widely identified by the international community after years of practice. China enjoys certain rights of sovereignty and jurisdiction by legislation, and practices a lot in legislation, law enforcement, exploration and conservation of resources, fisheries management, shipping management, marine science and technology, marine ecological environment protection, etc. However, there’s still a need to improve, such as legislation, law enforcement, management and rights protection, which is harmful to jurisdiction and rights protection. Therefore, China faces great challenges in improving the legal system of EEZ, enhancing the level of law enforcement capacity, and promoting the sustainable development of natural resources, so as to be in accord with the development of international marine management. Some advices are put forward in this essay on the basis of summarizing the problems on China’s EEZ management, expecting to enhance the integrated ability of management in EEZ

Abstract:The small scale fisheries have been making great contributions to world food security, poverty reduction, nutrition, etc. However, the communities engaged in small scale fisheries are facing vulnerable and unsecured living and working environment, and the importance of small scale fisheries management and difficulties it suffered have been paid attention to by various countries. The whole world hasn’t yet reached a unified conclusion and management methods due to the variation of small scale fisheries. Based on a collection of the identification of small scale fisheries and management information of FAO and countries who have had small scale fisheries management experience, the author maintains that the single model for Chinese fishery management is no longer applicable to the current situation of fisheries resources. And with the widespread concern of human rights and fairness, there is a need to make a distinction between small scale fisheries and large scale fisheries in the management. The paper proposes a definition of small scale fisheries considering the way of operating,and operating waters, which should protect small scale fisheries practitioners’ equitable participation and sustainable development of fisheries and resources.

Abstract:Ommastrephes bartramii is a kind of short life cycle species which has the characteristics of dying immediately after spawning, and the stock size entirely depends on the recruitment, while the recruitment mainly depends on its mortality in the early life stage.Ommastrephes bartramii is an important economic cephalopod, and is widely distribute in the North Pacific Ocean, therefore understanding the progress of the early life history of Ommastrephes bartramii thoroughly can play an important role in predicting the changes of recruitment in the next year. For this purpose, this paper mainly reviews and discusses the distribution of paralarvae and juveniles of Ommastrephes bartramii, feeding, age and growth, natural mortality, and also the correlation between the environment and recruitment. This paper also gives a brief introduction to the progress of embryonic development and morphological changes of larvae. The early life history which is from spawning to hatching and embryonic development to grow to be larvae is a very important and least understood stage. Future research should focus on this stage by studying the growth and death of the larvae and the influence of environment changes on the squid hatching success, as well as the stock recruitment.

Abstract:The thermocline featuress are related to fishing success of surface tuna fishery, however, the thermocline is varied with the change of areas and seasons, so the impact of thermocline on the fishing operations is also different. The present study analyzed the thermocline features in the fishing ground of Chinese tuna purse seiner fleet operating in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean and explored the relationship between local thermocline feature and rate of fishing success for tuna purse seiners with combining to sinking depth of purse seine measured at the sea and the correpondent fishing information. The results showed that (1) the upper depths of thermocline for 91.2 percent settings were over 100 m in the survey, so the deeper upper depth of thermocline were the important features of thermocline in the fishing ground. (2) the 95% confidence intervals for maximum sinking depth of gear, the upper depth of thermocline, and sinking depth of purse seine within the thermocline ranged from 185.0 to 197.8 m, from 146.0 to 158.3 m and from 34.3 m to 44.0 m, respectively. (3) Correlation analysis showed that there is no significant correlation between rate of fishing success and thermocline (P>0.05), and the possible reason was that the deeper upper depth of thermocline in the local fishing ground allow targeted fish to escape in the larger space before they come close to the thermocline, so what in the sharp temperature gradient of thermocline lost the effect to obstruct the fish.

Abstract:Size data is the basic information in fishery stock assessment and management. The spatio temporal distribution of length frequency derived from fisheries dependent data can be used to estimate the distribution of stock and recruitment. Multivariate regression tree (MRT) is a data mining methodology that can analyze the relationships between multispecies data and environmental characteristics. In this study, based on the dressed weight data in the logbooks collected by Tuna Technology Group of China Distant water Fisheries Association from December 2007 to December 2009, Multivariate Regression Tree and Geographical Information System (GIS) were applied to analyze spatial distribution and seasonal variation of bigeye tuna are size in the Central Atlantic Ocean. The result showed that the large sized bigeye tuna are mainly distributed in 7.5°N-15°N, 17.5°W-45°W area; Medium sized bigeye tuna are mainly distributed in 12.5°S-5°N, 17.5°W-45°W area; Small sized individuals are mainly distributed in 7.5°S-5°N,5°W-17.5°W area. The results of K S test showed that size distribution had seasonal differences apparently; Kolmogorov Smirnov test proved that there were significant differences in size distribution among spatial areas. Quarters 1 and 2 were relatively homogeneous, and quarters 3 and 4 were relatively homogeneous.

Abstract:This article, through imitating the experiment of the optical properties of lamp boxes, depending on the collection experiments of different fish aggregation lamp boxes, and using matlab 7.0 software building the illuminance distribution model of saury aggregation lights, studies and contrasts the lamp effect of different light illumination in fishing gathering lamp. The results show that: different ground illuminance distribution of fishing gathering lamp with distance increasing increases first and then decreases; and the change laws of lamp strong values and the illumination distribution are different in different fish collection lights. There is the maximum at the distance of 1 meter, and the light intensity meets: high light intensity > middle light intensity > lower light intensity; with the light moving from the upper to the lower, the light intensity coefficience of k(L) decreases gradually. It shows that the middle light intensity changes stability and it could represent the changes of the whole lamp boxes to some extent.

Abstract:In resent years, the phenomenon that China’s eastern coast was invaded by Enteromorpha prolifera because environmental change and anthropogenic factors occurred frequently. The significance of the study on fermentation of E. prolifera is in order to make the high quality macroalgae biomass feedstock to be used rationally and efficiently, and to turn waste into treasure; On the other hand, it is a method to enrich types of raw materials of biogas in fermentation process to achieve the purpose of the development of renewable energy. In this paper, we research the effects on the biomass production by anaerobic fermentation of E. prolifera of different granule sizes(coarse particles 0.30-0.85 mm, medium grained 0.15-0.30 mm, fine grained 0.075－0.15 mm) and under different pretreatment methods(thermal pretreatment, dilute alkali pretreatment, acid pretreatment). The results show that, biogas production rate of volatile solids (VS) in anaerobic fermentation process of using E. prolifera of different granule sizes mentioned above are 386.9 mL/g, 434.4 mL/g and 436.5 mL/g.The production of biogas of E. prolifera at medium grained showed 12.26% improvement than that at coarse particles. The experiments of E. prolifera at fine grained showed 0.49% improvement than that at medium grained. It shows that the smaller the particle size, the more improvement of utilization of E. prolifera in biogas production. It was found that, compared with the group without pretreatment, efficiency of biogas production of the three pretreated groups (thermal, dilute alkali and acid pretreatment methods) showed 13.13%, 11.39% and 3.63% improvement when all the groups were under the same conditions(the same as the previous experiment). Alkaline pretreatment method showed the best result, biogas production rate of volatile solids of this group is 493.3 mL/g. Alkaline pretreatment method improved biogas production efficiency in fermentation effectively, and the pH value in the process is relatively stable. This study tries to provide a theoretical reference to the research of biogas production process by anaerobic fermentation of E. prolifera.

Abstract:By retrieving the SICE of the Thomson Reuters Web of Science database, the author found there are 1015 SCI papers written by Shanghai Ocean University authors. Around these papers, this article analyses and compares the status of Shanghai Ocean University in papers published in SCI from published year, country, cooperation agency, funding situation, research direction, and cited situation. And this to certain extent reflects the level of research capacity and the ability of the university. The author thinks that the university has made faster upgrade and development of research level and strength in recent years, but there is a gap with the domestic and international advanced level. So the university also needs considerable development and progress.

Abstract:The cryoprotective effects of new protein cryoprotectant ，conventional cryoprotectant and conventional with new cryoprotectant in bighead carp surimi’s protein denaturation were studied during frozen storage using waterholding capacity, gel strength, folding experiment, water soluble protein and salt soluble protein as indicators. The results indicated that the new protein cryoprotectant and conventional cryoprotectant can slow down the rate of rise of surimi dehydration speed, the new protein cryoprotectant added 0.5%(w/w), the filtration rate increased speed was low; added compound cryoprotective surimi had the lowest of filtration. Added different cryoprotectant during frozen could keep higher folding test score. Added the new protein cryoprotectant and conventional cryoprotectant bighead surimi’ gel strength, breaking strength and depressions maintained good effects. Added cryoprotectant from the water soluble content could greatly inhibit freezing denaturation during frozen storage, better than conventional cryoprotectant. The results were substantially the same with water holding capacity, gelling properties and folding experiment. Trend of bighead carp surimi salt soluble protein and its gel characteristics similar trend are similar, which indicated that the protection of cryoprotectants on the salt soluble proteins ultimately contributes to maintaining the gel properties of these proteins.