Abstract:Some proteins or enzymes play physiologic roles depending on its biotinylation via catalyzation of holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS), such as histones and carboxylases. So far, our understanding of HCS function is mainly from the researches on human cell lines. In order to understand the role of protein biotinylation in fish development, we cloned full length HCScDNA sequence with 2 942 bp. Intergrity open reading frame encodes 829 amino acids, containing conserved BirA ligase domain close to C termino. Further investigation using whole mount RNA in situ hybridization shows that HCSgene is expressed in wide tissues such as brain, spine cord, gill, heart, intestine and sarcomere, indicating that it might play universal roles during organs development. It is interesting that HCS gene is expressed in whole sarcomere at new hatching larvae, whereas at 6 DAH (day after hatching) larvae, expression signal of HCSgene concentrated on the middle of each sarcomere. Above results may be helpful for future studies on HCS function during fish development.

Abstract:Genetic diversity of cultivated Crassostrea angulata in coastal sea of Fujian was analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A total of 331 loci reproducible bands amplified with four AFLP primer combinations were assessed from 239 individuals in the eight domestic populations including four natural seeding cultivated populations and four artificial breeding populations, of which 233 (70.39%) were polymorphic. The proportion of polymorphic loci, the Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s Information Index of 8 cultivated populations were 57.10%-69.54%, 0.196 7-0.249 2, 0.290 2-0.362 6, respectively. Gst value and the AMOVA analysis indicated that the genetic variation mainly came from different individuals within the population. Cluster analysis based on UPGMA and PCA showed that genetic variation occurred within groups for each population, and there was no distinct boundary within the four natural seeding populations. Results showed that the genetic diversity of natural seeding cultivated populations had higher genetic diversity compared with artificial breeding cultivated populations, and a certain degree of genetic differentiation among populations was observed.

Abstract:In the present study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular marker was used to study the population genetic diversity and structure of five Zostera marina L. populations distributed in Shandong Peninsula: Laizhou bay, Xiaoshi Island, Li Island, Chu Island and Huiquan Bay. Based on the obtained results, suggestions for Z. marina population protection and for seaweed meadow restoration in Shandong peninsula were put forward. In the experiment, 42 bands were obtained by RAPD markers amplified through 10 selected primers. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 92.86%. The results showed that the populations in Shandong Peninsula had high genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation. The AMOVA demonstrated that the inter population component accounted for 99.68% of the total variation, while the intra population component accounted for 0.32%. Mantel tests showed that 5 populations of Z. marina L. had no correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. The population in Laizhou Bay that showed the lowest genetic diversity should be given priority protection. The populations in Li Island and Huiquan Bay that showed highest genetic diversity can be used as the first choice for seaweed meadow transplanting restoration in Shandong Peninsula.

Abstract:The hybrids derived from a complete diallel cross of the five selective strains of Oujiang color common carp (Cyprinus carpiovar.color) were used to observe and analyze developmental dynamics of five growth related traits (e.g. body weight (BW), total length (TL), standard length (SL), pre dorsal height (PDH) and pre dorsal width (PDW) in the five pigmentation types of Oujiang color common carp, including whole red (WR), whole red with big black spots (RB), whole red small black spots (RS), whole white with big black spots (WB) and whole white (WW). The results showed that the same “S” characteristics for growth were found in the five pigmentation types of carp. The highest absolute growth rate (AGR) and special growth rate (SGR) were observed during June and October， indicating their faster growth stages during these months. The fishes of RB and WB displayed higher growth rate than fishes of the other pigmentation types from juvenile stage, but the fish of WW was the slowest in growth. The relative high coefficient of variation (C.V=8%-35%) for body weight were detected in the five pigmentation types of carp in each month. There was significant linear correlation for body weight between each previous month and last month and the determination coefficients as gradually increased as growth (r2=0.000 2-0.993 6，P<0.01). Condition factors of the five pigmentation types of Oujiang color common carp were from 3.22 to 3.71 before July in the second year growth stage, then gradually increased to roughly 3.7 after July. Condition factors of WR were the highest at each month, however WW and WR showed relatively low condition factors in each study month. The study provided a theoretical basis for further selective breeding of Oujiang color common carp.

Abstract:Effects of dietary protein levels (34%,38%,42%) on the growth and survival of Penaeus monodon from 16 families were studied under laboratory conditions. The growth and survival of Penaeus monodon were significantly affected by the dietary protein levels. Except for shrimp from F14 family and F15 family, the specific growth rate (SGR) of Penaeus monodon increased with the increasing of dietary protein levels. A total of 11 families achieved the highest survival rate when the dietary protein level was 38%, and 5 families achieved the highest survival rate when the dietary protein level was 34%, while only 4 families achieved the highest survival rate when the dietary protein level was 42%. As the dietary protein level increased, the growth differences of the sixteen families reduced, and this may indicate that the genetic effects of shrimps in terms of growth can be revealed under lower dietary protein level. By comparing the parental source of the families, we found that Family 10 whose parents were from Africa achieved the highest SGR. Significant differences were found within the same group and among different protein level groups among those families whose parents were from the same region. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to get highly performed Penaeus monodonfamilies whose dietary protein requirement was low via family selection program.

Abstract:The community composition and density of the phytoplankton and environmental factors of 7 rivers in 7 destricts of Shanghai in August of 2011 were intestigated . In order to provide scientific basis to control the pollution , principal components analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were applied to analyze the relationships between the phytoplankton community structure and water parameters and to assess the environmental status of the water quality in the suburbs. 189 species of 8 phyla were identified ,including Chlorophyta (74 species), Bacillariophyta (45 species), Cyanophyta (41 species), Euglenophyta (18 species), Xanthophyceae (4 species ), Cryptophyta (3 species), Pyrroptata (3 species) and Chrysophyta(1 species). The dominent species were Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta. PCA analysis showed that DO, water nitrogen, phosphorus and COD_Mn were the main chemical factors affecting the phytoplankton abundance in the water bodies. CCA analysis indicated that SS, water nitrogen, phosphorus, COD_Mn and pH were the main factors driving the phytoplankton abundance and community structure. Results from combining biomass and dominance with diversity index of phytoplankon community structure showed that Liyaojing River in Qingpu and Qianzhong River in Fengxian district were in mesotrophic to eutrophic state,Xiejinggang River in Jinshan district was in mesotrophic, others were in mesotrophic to eutrophic state. Phytoplankton such as Dactylococcopsis rhaphidioides, Cryptomonas erosa and Cyclotella menighiniana etc were defined as the pollution indicator species of rivers in suburb in summer.

Abstract:Oxyrrhis marina is one of dinoflagellates and widely distributed in the global coastal waters, which can initiate algal blooms at the appropriate time and now became model marine planktons for laboratory marine biology experiments. However, preliminary studies on microscopic structures and feeding of Oxyrrhis marina are carried out only in China. Present study described the progress on morphology, taxonomic status, feeding method, laboratory culture, natural distribution of O. marina and discussed relationships of red tide, dimethylsulfide, other marine organisms and O. marina. Some advice was proposed on exploring research of ecological characteristics of Oxyrrhis marina and indicating that ecological characteristics are the basis to rationally use and effectively regulate the algae.

Abstract:“8-17” DNAzyme substrate gold nanoparticles conjugates (17S AuNPs) were prepared by ligand exchanged reaction. It was characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and UV Vis absorption spectrum. The results indicated that the well dispersed gold nanoparticles showed a surface plasma peak at 520 nm in the UV Vis absorption spectrum, whereas the peak of 17S AuNPs conjugates red shifted to wavelength 523 nm. Meanwhile, the hydrodynamic radius of AuNPs and 17S AuNPs were confirmed to be 21.8 nm and 38.6 nm, respectively, using DLS. Moreover, the stability toward salt induced aggregation of AuNPs and 17S AuNPs was further investigated, respectively. As the concentrations of Na+ increased gradually, the absorptiom peak of AuNPs increased at 600 nm, following with a color change from red to blue. For 17S AuNPs a peak at 600 nm is not observed, and the color of the 17S AuNPs solution keeps red. The aforementioned results indicated that 17S AuNPs showed a higher stability than that of AuNPs.

Abstract:The adsorption of ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solution on magnetite/zeolite composite (MZC) as a function of adsorbent dosage, solution pH, reaction time, initial adsorbate concentration, and coexisting ions was investigated. The ammonium and phosphate removal efficiencies of MZC increased with increasing adsorbent dosage. The ammonium adsorption capacity for MZC was relatively high at pH 4 9, and decreased with increasing pH from 9 to 11. The phosphate adsorption capacity for MZC decreased with increasing pH from 4 to 11. The adsorption kinetics of ammonium and phosphate on MZC could be described by a pseudo second order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data of ammonium on MZC could be described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The equilibrium adsorption data of phosphate on MZC could be described by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin Radushkevich isotherm models. Coexisting Ca²⁺, Na⁺or K⁺ in solution reduced the adsorption of ammonium on MZC. Coexisting Cl^-, SO4^2- or NO₃^- in solution slightly enhanced the adsorption of phosphate on MZC, while coexisting HCO₃^- slightly reduced the adsorption of phosphate on MZC. The ammonium molecules adsorbed on MZC could be completely desorbed in 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution. Most of phosphate molecules adsorbed on MZC could be desorbed in 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution.

Abstract:Based on Gnome model , the trajectory and diffusion of oil released from anchorage out of Yangtze River Estuary were simulated. Tidal current filed modeled by FVCOM and dominant wind were used to drive GNOME model. The 40t medium crude was chosen to simulate the oil slick drifting track and diffusion area at flood fast tide, transition from flood slack to ebb tide, ebb fast tide and transition from ebb slack to flood tide within 4 d and the final distribution was given. The results show: oil slick drifts spirally toward southwest in 4 d under no wind; oil slick drifts spirally toward south in 4 d under northwest wind; oil slick drifts spirally in Hangzhou Bay(some stuck to the shore of Shanghai) under southeast wind ,specially, oil slick drifts northward when oil spill happened at flood fast tide; the drift distance under northwest wind is farther than under southeast wind while the diffusion area under northwest wind is smaller than under southeast wind.

Abstract:To clarify the damage rates of elver nets on some commerical fishes in Yangtze River estuary, fishes were collected from 8 stations (5 in the North Branch of Yangtze river estuary and 3 in the South Branch of Yangtze river estuary) from March to April in 2011. A total of 3 755 by catch fish were collected representing 35 species from 16 families by 96 nets, including 12 marine species, 14 estuarine species, 3 migration species and 6 freshwater species. The developmental stages of fishes were from post flextion to young stage. Coilia nasus was the most dominant species accounting for 31.99% of the total, and followed by Pseudolaubuca engraulis(10.09%), Coilia mystus(9.93%), Lophiogobius ocellicauda (8.92%), Taenioides rubicundus(7.32%), Cynoglossus joyneri(5.32%).There were 20 species of economic fishes which accounting for 61.60% of the total fish. Average were 24.10 ind./net and it showed a higher proportion and quantity. A total of 182 elvers were collected, and each elver collected would damage 12.71 economic fish. Our results indicate that elver nets bycatch fish of species and number are relevant with nets, location, mode of operation and tidal, and early life stages of economic fishes were damaged seriously by elver nets, especially for Coilia nasus. It is one of the important reasons led the Coilia nasus resource declining in the past. In order to protect fish recruitment stock and recover fish resources in Yangtze River estuary, the management should not only limit the quantity and operational periods of elver nets, but also regulate the mesh size.

Abstract:The fish domestication at present is mainly operated manually in ocean ranching. Automatic fish domestication is an important technical measure to construct efficient operating mode. A new type of fish domestication equipment is designed according to the fish’s sensitivity to sound or light. It involves the function of timing control of sound and light as well as feed supply corresponding with the requirement. A wireless underwater video monitoring and positioning instrument is designed to supervise the domestication effect and realize positioning function. Taking Sparus macrocephalus fries as the research object, after 30 days of domestication, Sparus macrocephalus fries cluster obviously after starting the sound and light. Experiment results show the domestication effect is prominent and the whole system is designed reasonably. The sound, light, feed supply and energy system work regularly. The system reaches the design requirements which supplies an effective equipment for automatic fish domestication in ocean ranching.

Abstract:The teledyne benthos C3D bathymetry side scan sonar system is a pioneer and innovator designed to serve marine surveys. C3D is a fully integrated sonar system that acquires high resolution side scan sonar imagery plus high resolution wide swath bathymetry to produce an accurate 3D map of the ocean floor in shallow water surveys. The C3D is a phase-differencing bathymetric sonar that uses the CAATI (Computed Angle of Arrival Transient Imaging) Algorithm to solve for multiple angles of arrival to achieve a 10 times water depth swath (for bathymetry) of high resolution (vertical 5 cm) bathymetry and imagery (horizontal 10 cm). Firstly, the basic principle, composition, performance, advantages and application of C3D System were introduced in this paper. Then, the C3D surveying system was designed and applied in artificial reef construction for the first time in China. In design, construction and monitoring phases of artificial reef, the C3D surveying system could provide high accuracy bathymetry data, high resolution submarine geomorphology imagery, depth contour, seabed grade, location and conditions of artificial reef, etc.. These information were the necessary data for artificial reef construction successfully. The tests proved the C3D is a superior performance underwater survey system which could be successfully used in various phases of artificial reef construction and guarantee the construction effect.

Abstract:The study of reproductive system is a vital component in reproductive biology of marine species. In order to better understand the reproductive biology of cephalopod, the research progress on histological structure of reproductive system in cephalopod has been summarized in this study, and the histological structure and function of the reproductive system of cephalopod are reviewed systematically. In general, the system in both males and females consists of a gonad (testis and ovary), one or two separate gonoducts and a complex of accessory glands or reproductive sac. The male’s accessory glands are complex but the basic composed unit is the same, which are responsible for the production of spermatophores. However, the female’s accessory glands are relatively simple but the basic composed unit is not the same for different species, which plays the function on forming of egg coats. However, the mechanism of gonad communicating with the gonaducts and the way with which the gemmates shed into the gonaducts remain unclear if we only use the methodology of anatomy and histology, and so does the effect of changing habitat environment on the reproductive system. The peculiarities of allometric growth of different parts of the spermatophoric organ and the mechanism of waste generating in the spermatophoric organ are also unclear. Therefore, the methodology of the developmental biology, cellular biochemistry, endocrinology and evolutionary ecology should be explored in the research on the reproductive biology of cephalopod in future.

Abstract:The width of the waters between China and ROK is not enough to entitle the two countries to 200 nautical miles， exclusive economic zone and continental shelf for their claims. The two countries have difference in the principles of delimitation in the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf demarcation. This paper mainly discusses the disputes of maritime rights and interests between the two countries in the demarcation of exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, fisheries, marine scientific research, marine resources development and utilization. To protect maritime rights and interests, China should release the “declaration of islands and waters of China” and make clear the sea demarcation between our country and other countries as soon as possible; strengthen the research of ROK’s policy; improve and perfect the related laws and regulations of China’s maritime rights and interests; To strengthen the construction of maritime law enforcement powers and implement jurisdiction over the waters under the jurisdiction China claims in accordance with the law; Popularize marine legal knowledge and enhance national marine legal consciousness; Establish the regional ocean management organization among China, Japan and Korea, to protect and develop the marine resources mutually and rationally.

Abstract:Understanding of the fishing behaviour and the dynamic information on fishing ground of Antarctic krill fishery can provide an important support to modeling the interaction between fishery and ecosystem. Based on the data of Antarctic krill fishery in 2009/2010 to 2011/2012 fishing season collected by the fishery observers, the present study analyzes the fishing ground dynamics of Chinese Antarctic krill fishery and the behaviour pattern of fishing vessels using the barycenter of fishing ground. The results show that the main fishing ground is shifted from subarea 48.1 to subarea 48.2 during 2009/2010 to 2011/2012 fishing season in view of fishing net, but the reverse trend can be found for the catch. The barycenter of fishing ground in the 10 day period has only occurred in 4 SSMUs (APDPW, APDPE, APBSE and SOW), although the fishing sites are located in 6 SSMUs. The selection of fishing ground of Chinese Antarctic krill fishery is affected by local abundance of Antarctic krill and predetermined decision making, the condition of fishing vessel and marketing factors.

Abstract:Based on the fishing data including months, the number of vessels, the catch per day of the red flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in jigging fishery by Chinese fishing fleet, and the data of the corresponding oceanic environment, i.e. longitude, latitude, the water temperature at 5 m (T005), 46 m(T046), 112 m(T112), 317 m(T317) under surface, chlorophyll a(CHA), and sea surface height anomaly(SSHA) in the North Pacific Ocean during June and November in 1998 to 2004, the BP neural networks model was applied to predict the emergence and distribution of fishing grounds of red flying squid after the standardization of CPUE. The total of 13 models with different hidden layers have been tested. The optimum model was selected by comparing the values of the simulation residual of each model structure statistically. The result shows that the BP neural networks model with 9 7 1 networks structure with 0.008 570 simulation residual only can be used for better predicting the fishing ground of the red flying squid in North Pacific Ocean.

Abstract:The sea surface temperature (SST) is an important parameter of marine environment. The remote sensing technology is an effective means to retrieve the sea surface temperature. In this paper, we studied the retrieval of sea surface temperature by using the brightness temperature data obtained from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), the infrared data from the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and in situ SST data from the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment in the Northern Indian Ocean. The original brightness temperature data of the polarization channels from AMSR-E L2A and the original MODIS L1B thermal infrared data were preprocessed firstly, and then the retrieval model of AMSR-E SST was built on the multi parameters linear regression, based on the correlation among the AMSR-E brightness temperature and the in situ sea surface temperature. The MODIS SST was retrieved by Multichannel algorithm. Finally, we obtained the SST from the AMSR E brightness temperature and MODIS SST by an AMSR-E and MODIS SST retrieval model developed by the multi parameters linear regression. This retrieval model mainly relied on the AMSR E brightness temperature while making the MODIS surface temperature subsidiary. Compared with the in situ SST, the root mean square error of retrieved results is 0.323 97 ℃.

Abstract:With the deepening of global energy crisis, looking for the new energy to replace traditional energy becomes the only way for the development of energy. This paper designs a new oscillating water column ocean wave power generation device. It introduces the basic composition of the device and its structure, and its working principle and process. Combining the wave theory and calculation principle, the hydrodynamic matching criteria in wave generating system, wave power conversion efficiency theory, air dynamics theory, we analysed and calculated the energy conversion efficiency of the device. Suppose the device is under the action of linear wave, through the theoretical calculation, the theoretical efficiency of this device is up to 0.364 when the wave period is 4 s, wave height is 0.5 m, buoy side length is 0.3 m, wind pipe diameter is 0.05. Compared with common wave power generation device, this device has higher power generation efficiency.

Abstract:Litopenaeus vannamei head autolysate was consecutively extracted through ultrafiltration membrane with molecular weight cut offs (MWCO) at 3 000, 5 000 and 8 000 u, respectively. The distribution of relative molecular mass, composition of amino acid as well as ACE (Angiotensin I converting enzyme) inhibitory activity in different filtrates were measured. The results showed that ACE inhibitory activity of autolysate increased after extraction by extra fine membrane. Obviously, the inhibitory activity of the filtrate of 3 000 u extra fine membrane was 0.61 mg/mL, which ranked the first compared with other filtrates. Meanwhile, the most of macromolecular substance was retained by 8 000 u while the extracted peptides with relative molecular mass less than 3 000 u increased markedly with the decline of MWCO of membrane. In addition, the contents of aromatic amino acid and branched chain amino acid in filtrate of 3 000 u were higher than those in other filtrates.

Abstract:The drying properties of China date paste (CDP) during its processing to powder under microwave were investigated. Microwaves of 500, 700, and 900 W at 2 450 MHz were used for drying CDP samples with spreading thickness of 2, 4, and 6 mm, respectively. Hot air of 100, 110 and 120 ℃ were also conducted for drying the samples for comparison. Three kinds of drying models of exponential model (Lewis), Individual diffusion model (HF: Hustrulid and Flikke) and Page model were used in the fitting of MR of the CDP samples. The results indicated the temperature of CDP dried by microwave rose faster, which could increase drying rate and save drying time and energy. But the hot air drying had a better structure and hygroscopicity and smaller color difference. Page model shows the best fitting in drying process of CDP samples during hot air and microwave drying.

Abstract:The gelation properties of low salt tilapia surimi produced by different washing processes were investigated. The result showed that washing had great effects on the gelling properties of low salt tilapia surimi. The highest gel strength was obtained by conventional washing treatment, followed by alkaline saline washing method and the unwashed method, respectively. The higher gel forming ability was generally associated with both the lowered TCA soluble peptide content and the protein solubility of all kinds of surimi gels. The SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) revealed the higher myosin heavy chain (MHC) band intensity in conventional washing process. Microstructure of gels that received washing treatments showed more compacted network structure than the unwashed one. Therefore, the application of conventional water washing treatment could effectively improve the properties of low salt gel products from tilapia.

Abstract:According to the income and expenditure survey data from 10000 households of fishermen in China, this paper analyzes the trend about Chinese fishermen’s income, the income structure and expenditure structure in 2012. And by the exploratory case study method, we surveyed and interviewed the five regions fishermen family income and expenditure. Analysis showed that the fisherman’s income has increased quickly in China since 2004, and the average annual growth is 9.46%, but there are wide regional differences. The fishermen’s income from fishery production accounted for most of the total, but the fishermen’s income from fishery production is declining, multiple occupations’ income is increasing; about the income of household operation, the proportion of transitive income is growing because it mainly comes from the rapidly increasing 〖JP2〗production subsidies; The income level of coastal and inland provinces has bigger difference, but the income’s〖JP〗 structure does not have big difference. The fishery production played a larger role and contribution to increase fishermen’s income and improve the living standards of the Chinese fishermen.