Abstract:The techniques of Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends were used to clone the Penaeus monodon calreticulin gene (PmCRT). The full length cDNA of PmCRT contained a 5′untranslated region (UTR) of 37 bp, an ORF of 1 221 bp encoding a polypeptide of 406 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 46.8 ku and a 3′UTR of 414 bp. Sequence alignment analysis showed that the PmCRT and Fenneropenaeus chinensis shared a similarity of 100%, and a homology of 98.8%. The quantification result of PmCRT mRNA in 8 tissues of Penaeus monodon showed that，in ovary the highest levels，followed by muscle, intestines, stomach, eyestalk, hepatopancreas, heart and brain. Furthermore, the PmCRT expression was found to be at high level in the six ovarian stages of development and the expression of ovarian growth levels in the third growth phase was significantly higher than that of others, while the lowest in the first growth phase. The study provided essential materials and laid a firm foundation for the further research of the function of PmCRT in ovary development.

Abstract:Paraffin section and HE section were adopted to examine the structure of the retina and visual characteristics of Siniperca chuatsi fertilized eggs and from newly hatched to 30 days old larvae. The main results obtained are as follows: (1)At 54 h after fertilization, lens and undifferentiated retina formed. At 80 h after hatching, the retina differentiated into four layers, including outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer and ganglion cell layer. At 98 h, pigment epithelium, rods and cones layer and optic nerve fibers layer were observed. At 124 h, outer plexiform layer formed and the retina was composed of ten layers. At 4 days after hatching, a couple of jaw teeth and pharyngeal teeth appeared; At 5 days and 14 days, palatine teeth and vomer teeth appeared respectively; At 15 days, gill rakers grew but small. In one word, the quantity of the teeth increased with the growth of larvae, until nearly the same as that of the adult. (2) The structure of the inner nuclear layer of S.chuatsi has only a layer of horizontal cells, bipolar cells and amacrine cells, which shows that the retina of S.chuatsi is not sensitive to light.(3) The teeth appeared before the maturity of the digestive system in the S.chuatsi larvae, which serves to improve the success rate in catching prey. It is a full reflection of the adaptation of individual growth to the environment in its evolutionary process. (4)The quantity of the ganglion cell decreased with the development of S.chuatsi. At 29 days, the structure of the ganglion cell layer of S.chuatsi decreased to a layer of ganglion cell, which indicates that S.chuatsi larvae had adapted to the dark environment. It is revealed that the changes of visual structure of S.chuatsi are adapted to the ecological shift from pelagic to benthic habitats and to the changes of feeding methods.

Abstract:Ultrastructural changes during spermatogenesis of Scapharca broughtoni were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Results showed that spermatogenesis in this species underwent successive stages of spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid and spermatozoa. The changes during spermiogenesis mainly include acrosome development, morphological transformation of nucleus and formation of tail. In these processes, proacrosomal granules accumulated and fused into acrosomal vesicle and finally became a coneshaped acrosome. The nucleus changed from round or oval to tympaniform. The chromatin in nucleus changed gradually from agglomerate to granule and eventually became homogenous with high electron density. Mitochondria accumulated and fused with larger size. At the same time, they gradually moved to the nucleus posterior and participated in formation of the midpiece. Mature spermatozoon contained three parts: head, midpiece and tail. The head consisted of an acrosome and a nucleus. The midpiece comprised five mitochondria surrounding the distal centriole. The tail was a slender flagellum.

Abstract:The salinity tolerance of Pseudosciaena crocea during early development (newlyhatched larvae, mouthopened larvae, yolksac disappeared larvae, oil globules disappeared larvae, fry and 30dayold juvenile) was examined at salinites of 5, 10, 25, 40 and 45. The mortality, mean death time (MDT), median death time (DT₅₀), and median lethal salinity72 h (MLS-72) were employed as indicators of salinity tolerance. The results showed that suitable salinity for 30dayold juvenile, yolksac disappeared larvae, mouthopened larvae, fry, and newlyhatched larvae ranged from 5.5 to 41.0, 6.8 to 23.3, 8.2 to 39.4, 9.3to 26.7, 18.9 to 33.1, respectively. Therefore, the salinity tolerance of 30dayold juvenile of P.crocea is rather strong, especially it can tolerate lowsalinity of 5.5. The results lay a theoretical foundation for desalting culture and the fresh water treatment for white spot disease of P.crocea . In normal seawater, the median death time (the pointofnoreturn, PNR) at different developmental stages without feeding was determined as follows: newlyhatched larvae (8.6 d) ＞ mouthopened larvae (6.5 d) ＞ 30dayold juvenile (5.5 d) ＞ yolksac disappeared larvae (4.6 d) ＞ fry (4.0 d) ＞ oil globules disappeared larvae (1.8 d). These indicate that the feeding of exogenous nutrients should be enhanced before the oil globules disappeared, was it will help to improve lowsalinity tolerance and survival of P.crocea ’s larvae.

Abstract:The eel were cultivated in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Result shows that after 159 days cultivating, 10 522 eel survival rate was 99.7%. Total weight was increased to 1 478.0 kg from 584.6 kg. Stocking density was increased to 32.8 kg/m3 from 13.0 kg/m3. Total feed was 1 263.2 kg and the eel weight was increased by 893.4 kg. Feed conversion efficiency was 70.7%. By using adding nutrient solution and low stocking density, the water quality was stabilized after the eel stocking in the system. This method would reduce the risk value of preliminary stocking stage. The water quality parameters in the RAS were as follows: the ammonia nitrogen density 0.03-1.28 mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen density 0.02-0.75 mg/L, the nitrate nitrogen density 1.21-99.60 mg/L, DO 5-7 mg/L, pH 7.0-7.7, water temperature 23.8-32.4 ℃. The water exchange of the RAS was less than 5% in 24 hours. The water quality parameters in the RAS were suitable to eel. The eel dactylogyrosis was prevented and cured by using Chinese medicinal herb and nonpersistent pesticide. In conclusion, the RAS can maintain optimum water conditions to culture eel. This is a green, safe and water saving new culture mode.

Abstract:The influence of density on the welfare of juvenile jade perch during the 50–100 g growth stage was investigated in this paper. The experiment was conducted in tanks equipped with a biological filter, and two tanks for each density were used. The three densities studied were low density (LD, 100 fish /m³ , 5 kg/m³ ), medium density (MD, 260 fish/m³ , 13 kg/m³ ), and high density (HD, 360 fish/m³ , 18k g/m³ ).The experiment lasted 45 d. The welfare of the fish was studied by recording growth and physiological parameters during the whole period. Within the size and density range tested, fish welfare was impacted negatively by increasing density. The serum cortisol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity levels differed significantly (P < 0.05) among the three densities in 15 d, but at the end of the experiment（45 d） the significance disappeared. The effect of density on the serum C3 level was delayed, and a significant difference was not detected until the experiment ended. The body weight showed a significant difference among the three densities. The average body weight of the LD group was 96.62 ± 2.99 g, and that of the HD group was （75.54±6.36） g. The results showed that although the perch in this study were able to withstand the negative effects of high stocking density, it still influenced the fish’s growth.

Abstract:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary energy and protein levels on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp (average initial body weight, 10±0.5 g). 960 fish were randomly distributed into 32 tanks (3.0 m×1.0 m×0.8 m) at a density of 30 fish per tank. Fish were fed eight practical diets with two digestible energy (DE) levels (13.5 and 14.5 MJ/kg) and four crude protein (CP) levels (26%，30%，33% and 36%) three times daily for 8 weeks. The results indicated that weight gain rate(WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased with increasing dietary protein levels although no significant difference was observed (P＞0.05). WGR, SGR and feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved significantly (P<0.05) as dietary energy levels increased. WGR and SGR of fish fed diets P36E14.5 and P33E14.5 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of fish fed diets P26E13.5, P30L13.5 and P33L13.5, but showed little difference from those of the other groups (P＞0.05). Protein efficiency ratio and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) decreased significantly (P<0.01) as dietary protein levels increased. In addition, NRE increased significantly (P<0.05) as dietary energy levels increased. Contrary to moisture, relative feed intake, hepatosomatic index and wholebody lipid content decreased significantly (P<0.05) as dietary protein levels increased. Intestine protease activities increased significantly (P<0.05) as dietary protein levels increased, whereas little difference was observed in lipase and amylase activities (P＞0.05). These results demonstrated that the diet which contains 33% protein and 14.5 MJ/kg energy is optimal for growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile Jian carp. Nitrogenfree extract could be used effectively by juvenile Jian carp and has a proteinsparing effect.

Abstract:This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (XOS) levels on the intestinal histology, microflora, and disease resistance of the tilapia (〖WTBX〗Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus〖WTBZ〗). 960 fishes with an initial weight of (5.09±0.12) g were randomly assigned to 6 groups. The fishes were respectively fed a basal diet and 5 diets supplemented with 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1 000 mg/kg XOS, named G0 (control), G200, G400, G600, G800 and G 1000. During 8 weeks feeding period, the number of intestinal microflora was measured every 2 weeks. Midgut was sampled in 4th and 8th week for histology analysis. At the end of feeding, the fish were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. During 96 hours of artificial infection, the survival rate (SR) was measured. The results showed that in 4th and 8th week, compared with G0, the folding area and the muscle thickness of the intestine in the groups with XOS were significantly higher. Dietary XOS affected significantly the number of intestinal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Compared with G0, the number of Bifidobacterium in G600 and G800 was significantly higher (P<0.05) in 4th week, in G400 and G600 significantly higher (P<0.05) in 6th week. In 8th week, the number of Lactobacillus in G800 was significantly higher than that in G0 (P<0.05). The number of E. coli in the groups with XOS tended to decrease with the feeding time in creasing, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). After 96 hours of infection by Aeromonas hydrophila, SR in G0 was 26.7%, and that in the groups with XOS was from 78.3 to 95.0%. The results suggested that the supplementation of XOS into the practical diet could improve the intestinal histology, promote the intestinal bacteria, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus proliferation, while decrease the number of E.coli to some extent, and improve the resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus).

Abstract:Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of three selected feed ingredients fishmeal, soybean meal and corn gluten meal of Takifugu obscurus were measured. A basal diet was formulated to contain 45.52% crude protein, and three kinds of test diets were formulated by combining the basal diet and each of the tested ingredients at a ratio of 70∶30.Chromicoxide was added at 0.5% in the basal diet and test diets as inertmarker. A basal diet was formulated to contain 45.40% crude protein, two experiments diets were prepared by adding 0.050% and 0.075 % multi-enzyme, respectively, the apparent digestibility of above three diets were measured. The results showed that the protein apparent digestibility of fish meal, soybean meal and corn gluten meal were higher, 93.40%，91.83% and 94.97%,respectively. Feed dry matter apparent digestibility of fish meal, soybean meal and corn gluten were 88.13%, 85.73% and 89.25%, respectively. Multi-enzyme supplemented could significantly improve the apparent digestibility of protein and dry matter of Takifugu obscurus. However, apparent digestibility has no significant difference between the 0.050% and 0.075% experimental groups.

Abstract:The effect of fresh thalli, dry powder and ethanol extracts from macroalga, Sargassum fusiforme, on the growth of a bloomforming microalga, Cylindrotheca closterium, was studied in coculture under controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed that the fresh thalli, dry powder and ethanol extracts exhibited strong inhibitory effect on the growth of C.closterium, and a concentrationeffect relationship was observed between the initial concentration of dry powder and the ethanol extracts and the growth inhibition of C.closterium. The relationship between the growth inhibition and the initial concentration of dry powder is y = -0.3801x² + 1.1636x, and it is y = -0.1445x² + 1.4279x between the growth inhibition and the initial concentration of ethanol extracts at 72 h. All the cells of C.closterium was dead in 3d when the concentration of dry powder reached 1.6 g/L, or in 2 d with the concentration of ethanol extracts reached 0.8 g/L. The latter exhibited stronger inhibition effects on C.closterium than the former because the concentration of ethanol extracts was expressed by the quality of dry powder before it was extracted. Under 1.6 g/L of ethanol extracts, the nuclei of C.closterium were broken in several hours. Up to 24 h, the cell membrane became obscure and difficult to be recognized, the whole cell shrank seriously and broke into fragments gradually.

Abstract:The cellulaseproducing strains have been isolated from Ningbo sea area by two ways. The first way is from the resource library of marine bacteria in our lab, and the second is from medium with CMCNa as the one and only carbon source. In the first way, 27 cullulaseproducing strains have been obtained from all the 365 marine bacteria by the CMC/Congo Red method. The proportion of cellulaseproducing strains is 7.40%. In the second way, 70 strains have been isolated and 68 strains can produce cellulase. The proportion of cellulaseproducing strains is 97.14%. The proportion of cellulaseproducing strains in the second way is much higher than that in the first way, but the enzyme activities are reverse. The proportion of cellulaseproducing strains with Hc greater than 2 is 25.93% in the first way and 0 in the second way.

Abstract:30 surface sediment samples were collected from the islands of Shanghai .All of the samples were analyzed by using LS13320 laser particle size analyzer. There are five sediment types in the study area of six nonresident islands, among all types of sediments, the silt sediment is the most abundant. The sediment parameters of all samples are generally bad sorting, positively skewed, leptokurtic. The study area is located in the Yangtze River Estuary. The open mouth provides a broad space for the development of the tidal flat and the influence of the strong river runoff, tidal flow and waves provide dynamical factors to form the tidal flat. By drawing Pejurp triangle pattern, it displays that all the samples are in Ⅲand Ⅳdynamic sections which means the hydrodynamic condition is strong generally. Besides Guyuan Sha, accompanied by the declining hydrodynamic conditions, from ocean to shore, the grain size decreases and the sand content decreases, clay and silt increases.

Abstract:From the beginning of the 21st century, Japan has strengthened national marine legislation to implement new marine strategy, especially in the aspects of marine policy, marine safety, marine territory and marine resources. To Japan, Japan’s new marine legislation has a positive effect on dealing with Diaoyu Island problems and the delimitation on the East China Sea with China. To China, the new marine legislation has a negative effect on developing China’s marine strategic space, maintaining ocean passage safety and solving marine disputes peacefully. Japan’s marine legislation provides us some revelations: (1)Formulate the new century national oceanic strategy, to adapt to new international situation; (2) Improve the system on comprehensive approach to ocean problems, so as to command national marine affairs; (3) Further strengthen talent training and marine science and technology investment, to realize sustainable development of China’s marine economy ; (4) Strengthen maritime law enforcement reserves, to maintain China’s marine rights and interests effectively; (5) Strengthen marine education to enhance people’s marine awareness.

Abstract:Fisheries resources is an kind of important marine natural resources, its output accounts for about 50% of China’s marine economy. At present, China’s coastal fishery resources is in the state of overfishing, although fishing production is high but the individual catch become smaller and younger, and its sustainable development level is in low, the above problems are not really reflected in the existing national economic accounting system because of the lack of value accounting for fishery resources assets. Since the fishery resources have the characteristics such as hidden, migratory and shared, which make fisheries resources accounting face with many difficulties. Based on the theories and methods of natural resource accounting, combined with characteristics of fisheries resources, the paper propose the accounting methods and procedures for fishery resource, which will provised some guidances for sustainable use and scientific manage of fishery resources.

Abstract:According to the sampled squid, Dosidicus gigas, collected from the fishing and survey by Chinese squid fishing boats for many years off EEZ of Peru, Chile and Costa Rica, the biological characteristics of D. gigas form three different fishing areas are compared. The results indicated that their mantle lengths of D. gigas off EEZ of Peru, Chile and Costa Rica ranged from 209 to 1 149 mm, from 166 to 837 mm and from 204 to 429 mm respectively, their dominant mantle lengths were 250-400 mm ,300-450 mm and 250-350 mm accordingly, and their average sex ratio in the catch were 3.87∶1, 2.50∶1 and 3.75∶1 respectively. Based on the mantle length composition and sexual maturity, it is suggested that three groups including largesized, mediumsized and smallsized groups that existed off EEZ of Peru, the main mediumsized group and a small group of largesized group are distributed off EEZ of Chile, and the main smallsized group and a small amount of mediumsized groups existed off EEZ of Costa Rica. Off waters of Peru and Chile, the value of growth parameters for the relationship between body weight and mantle length reached 3.06-3.17, while off waters of Costa Rica the value is 2.57-2.63. Off waters of Peru and Chile, the maturity stage of D. gigas mainly composed of stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ, while off waters of Costa Rica stages Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ are dominant. The changes in monthly feeding level have significant difference, but the levels from 0 to 2 are the main. It is concluded that the population structures and biological characteristics of D. gigas in the three fishing areas have a difference as a whole.

Abstract:Remote sensing data can not provide subsurface reference information for the offshore marine fisheries analysis. Subsurface environmental conditions are often needed to assist fisheries forecast. Argo profiles can provide the data from the surface to 2 000 m. An Argo database of subsurface sea conditions is established in supporting fisheries analysis. Argo data automatically download and update the database regularly from the GDacs server. Akima interpolation method is used to process Argo vertical profile data. Thermocline and halocline are worked out by analyzing the changes in temperature and salinity. Their depth, thickness, strength and other information are also calculated out. Inverse distance weighted interpolation method is used to plot the marine environmental information map. With fisheries information, maps can be well used in fisheries analysis.

Abstract:This paper reported and compared macronutrient components of six species of marine and freshwater shellfish in China. Marine shellfish species included 〖Crassostrea ariakensis (the Jinjiang or Asian oyster), Solen strictus (razor clam), and Paphia undulata (shortnecked clam or undulated surf clam). Freshwater species were Anodonta woodiana (Chinese pond mussel, the Eastern Asiatic freshwater clam or swanmussel), Cipangopaludina cathayensis (river snail), and Bellamya purificata (mud snail). No significant differences were found in water content of edible portions among all species except the Chinese pond mussel. However, remarkable differences were detected in contents of crude protein, lipid, and ash. Razor and shortnecked clam was classified as shellfish with high protein, containing approximately 75% protein, 8% lipid, and 14% ash (at dry mass), respectively. Chinese pond mussel and the Jinjiang oyster belonged to shellfish species rich in lipid (14% lipid, 50% protein, and 6% ash). River and mud snails were grouped as shellfish with high ash (30% ash, 60% protein, and 3% lipid). Based on amino acid scores, protein quality of these shellfish was slightly lower than whole egg protein in general. However, score of lysine was higher than that of whole egg protein, indicating that shellfish meat can exert better complementary effects of proteins if combining with food stuffs in lack of lysine especially grains and cereals. Regarding lipid quality, marine shellfish showed more advantages than freshwater species since the former contained higher polyunsaturated fatty acids especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahaenoic acid (DHA) than the latter. The total amount of EPA and DHA in razor and shortnecked clams, and the Jinjiang oyster was 14.19%, 25.51% and 34.29%, respectively. However, no EPA or DHA was detected in river snail. In mineral nutrients, two species of snails possessed promising potential and might be applied in development of natural dietary supplements for minerals. This study provided useful information for consumers during decision on shellfish selection according to their nutritional requirements (fit for purpose).

Abstract:Hydantoin compounds were a kind of fivemembered heterocyclic compounds,and its derivatives could be used as important intermediate of pharmaceutical products, pesticides, disinfectant, photographic materials. The development of hydantoin compounds had great significance. In this paper, a series of new hydantoin compounds were synthesized by 3-bromo phenylacetic acid as starting material, 7-bromo-2-tetralone as intermediate and with Ullmann reaction, Suzuki reaction and BuchererBegs reaction as key steps. The structures of key intermediate and target compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. Bioactivity of target compounds was tested by the mode of oral administration and then using ammonia water induced cough model, respiratory tract of the mice was stimulated by ammonia with ultrasound nebuliser, and record the cough incubation period of mice and the cough times within two minutes. Bioactivity research showed that the target compounds could reduce ammonia spray frequency cough in mice, extend the cough incubation period, had significant antitussive effect on mice of ammonia-induced cough, and that could lay the basis for hydantoin compounds application development.

Abstract:Currently, a lot of nonart universities in China are lacking professional support, qualified teachers, good sources of students, admission policy support and so on. These socalled “innate deficiencies” have lead art education into a “no placeno fundsno authority” status. For nonart universities, the construction of arts and cultural associations is an important method to strengthen the art education. The multidimensional construction of nonart universities’ arts and cultural associations has the following meanings and values. These associations can affect, edify and create universities’ arts and cultural atmosphere and thus enhance students’ comprehensive abilities through various kinds of activities. They have a mutual radiation and leading effect on the formation of campus culture which leads the development of advanced arts and culture in nonart universities. The multidimensional construction of nonart universities’ arts and cultural associations can be promoted in three major initiatives. Firstly, multiple channels to ensure students’ arts and cultural associations should get enough support. Secondly, improve arts education focusing on diversification of sources of guidance teachers. Thirdly, establish incentive measures of students’ participation in these associations or clubs. The establishment of the longacting mechanism in the multidimensional construction of nonart universities’ arts and cultural associations is of great importance. The mechanism includes professional external management, standardized internal management, diversified management of tasks and activities and networked publicity and encouragement.