Abstract:The common carp（Cyprinus carpio L.）is the most extensively cultured fish in the world，as well as in China .Construction of genetic linkage map of common carp is necessary to increase the efficiency of selective breeding，especially complicated traits.In this study,a genetic linkage map has been constructed for the common carp（Cyprinus carpio L.）using the mode of cross Pollinators in JoinMap 4.0 software.The resuts showed that the framework of genetic linkage map consisted of 560 markers（174 SSR markers,41 EST markers and 345 SNP markers）in 50 linkage groups ranged in size from 1.5 cM（The unit is centimorgan）to 198.1 cM and consisted of 2 to 60 markers .The average markers of 50 linkage groups is 11.2. The total linkage distance spanned by these markers was 3 295.9 cM with an average of 7.21 cM for the whole framework map，and the map coverage is 76.26%.This mediumdensity genetic linkage map is an improvement of further QTL，fine mapping，marker assisted selection（MAS）linked to important traits and comparative genome mapping in common carp.

Abstract:Muskelin coded by MKLN1 gene participates in signal transduction, cellmatrix adhesion and cellular component movement as an intracellular protein. In previous study, MKLN1 containing 15 repeats of dinucleotide (CT) was identified from a cDNA library of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. To further investigate the polymorphism of the dinucleotide, we examined ten individuals from three different grass carp population in this research and identified other different repeats of dinucleotide as (CT)₉、(CT)₁₀、(CT)₁₁ and (CT)₁₃ . Each individual owning at most two loci indicates only one copy MKLN1 in the genome of grass carp. Compared with its orthologure in zebrafish (Danio rerio) or fugu (Takifugu rubripes) genome, the dinucleotide microsatellite was found not in an exon, but in one intron corresponding 10th intron of MKLN1 in Danio rerio or Takifugu rubripes. Further investigation mRNA fragment spanning from 10th to 11th exons showed that there existed mRNA alternative splicing in MKLN1 and the microsatellite was indeed located in unspliced 10th intron in grass carp. Terminal code “TGA” locating in unspliced intron leads the transcript to translate into truncated muskelin. The truncated muskelin might lose partial function because of kelch domain broken. Moreover, the abundance of unspliced transcript was higher than that of spliced transcript in gill, intestine, head kidney, skin, hepatopancreas, muscle and kidney. Taken together, the microsatellite we found in one EST of MKLN1 is from an unspliced intron, and the unspliced intron leads the transcript to encode truncate muskelin.

Abstract:Nineteen RAPD primers amplified a total of 182 scorable markers in 200 samples from the four different natural populations of H.tuba, thus a total of 19 983 bands which ranged in size from 250 to 2 500 bp were generated showing homogeneous RAPD patterns, and number of scorable bands for each primer varied from 4 to 17 with an average of 5.28 bands per RAPD primer. 81.87% of the total genetic diversity was found among the four populations which contained approximately 149 polymorphic loci. 66.48%, 47.25%, 44.51%, 36.81% of the total genetic diversity were attributable to genetic differences within Beihai, Zhanjiang, Wenzhou, Lianyungang populations. Estimates of Nei’s Gene Diversity and the Shannon’s Diversity Index provided similar results of diversity, from high to low, that is, Beihai, Zhanjiang, Wenzhou, Lianyungang populations. The cluster analysis of the four populations was based on Genetic Distance, which was measured between 0.054 2-0.137 4. The results showed the populations of Beihai and Zhanjiang first assembled one branch, Wenzhou and Lianyungang then assembled another, and the two branches assembled finally.

Abstract:Cytokeratin 18 (K18) is an ‘S’ keratin and is the first of the intermediate filament proteins to be expressed during mammalian and amphibian development. According to the published conserved DNA sequences of keratin 18 from human, xenopus and zebrafish ,two pairs of primers were designed to obtain 2 779 bp of keratin 18 gene derived from the genome DNA of Gobiocypris rarus by PCR. And then through the genome walking upstream and downstream sequences were also amplified. And then the full amplified fragment of keratin 18 was inserted into Escherichia coli cloning vector pMD19T and sequenced. The result indicated that the keratin 18 of Gobiocypris rarus was successfully obtained about 3 765 bp. The analysis of NCBI's blastn showed that comparing Gobiocypris rarus with zebrafish ,the keratin 18 DNA sequence was highly conserved with 73.6% similarity. Finally, biologically analysis and ORF prediction showed that the keratin 18 DNA sequence contained 7 exons and 6 introns, and coded for a protein with 367 amino acids.

Abstract:Insulin is one of the most important endocrine hormones, playing a critical physiological role in regulating metabolism and glucostasis in fish. In this paper, the complete cDNA of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) insulin gene was cloned by reverse transcriptionPCR (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods, and its encoding amino acid sequence as well as the protein structure was analyzed. The insulin fulllength cDNA sequence consists of 655 bp, comprising a 101 bp 5′untranslated region, a 213 bp 3′untranslated region and an open reading frame (ORF) of 351 bp in length. The ORF encodes a preproinsulin of 116 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 12.7 ku and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.44, from which a signal peptide, a Bchain, a Cpeptide and an Achain could be derived. Online analysis suggests that the deduced preproinsulin contains a transmembrane region, and that it has a signal peptide whose cleavage site occurs between Alanine²⁴ and Phenylalanine²⁵. Comparative analysis of preproinsulin amino acid sequences related indicates that Achain and Bchain sequences of propreinsulins are highly conserved between teleost and other vertebrate species, and that the preproinsulin amino acid sequence of largemouth bass shares high similarity of 75%-94% to those of other teleosts, but low similarity of 59%-62% to those of other vertebrates. The phylogenetic tree by the Neighborjoining method shows that the preproinsulin of largemouth bass has high homology with that of some of the other Perciformes fishes, such as rock bass, greater amberjack and tilapia.

Abstract:Morphology of two Leiognathus brevirostris stocks was analyzed by multivariate and geometric morphometrics. The first two principal components (76.29%) could obviously identify two stocks from Yangjiang and Zhanjiang in principal components analysis by multivariate morphometrics. The first three principal components (64.03%) could also obviously identify two stocks in relative warps anlysis. Morphology difference was mainly on the head of Leiognathus brevirostris from grid deformation. Compared to traditional multivariate morphometrics, landmark method avoided uneven and redundant aspects of form, and allowed graphic reconstruction of shape to investigate minute shape variation among objects of study.

Abstract:In order to inquire into the genetic state of the C.aurutus in Qihe River, three multivariate statistics analysis methods including cluster analysis, discriminant analysis and principal component analysis were applied to study comparatively on meristic morphological characters, measurable and truss frameworks morphological characters of the four colonies C.aurutus in Qihe River, Jindihe River, Beiyunhe River and Qinhe River which belonged to Yellow River system and the Haihe River system respectively. The results showed: (1) Compared with the other three C.aurutus colonies, C.aurutus in Qihe River had significantly morphological specificity. The means of the scales above the lateral line, scales below the lateral line and the anal fin numbers of the C.aurutus in Qihe River were all significantly higher than that of the other three colonies C.aurutus, and its means of the scales of lateral line were lower than that of the C.aurutus in Jindihe River. The C.aurutus in Qihe River had significant advantages on its body width, length of dorsal fin, length of trunk, length and height of cauda, meanwhile it had significant disadvantages on the length of anal fin, the size of the head and the body depth. (2) There was close relationship between C.aurutus in Qihe River and the C.aurutus in the Beiyunhe River, C.aurutus in Jindihe River had close relationship with C.aurutus in Qinhe River. Compared with the C.aurutus in Qinhe River, the C.aurutus in Qihe River had a closer relationship with the C.aurutus in Jindihe River. The C.aurutus in Qihe River still preserved special genetic character, which had not significant influence from the exotic genetic.

Abstract:From August 2009 to August 2010, larval and juvenile fishes were monthly collected by a seine net(1m×4m，1 mm meshaperture) in the surf zones of south branch of Yangtze River estuary and north coast of Hangzhou Bay. 267 hauls were conducted in the Yangtze River estuary, and a total of 11 066 catches belonging to 43 species from 23 families were collected, the most dominant species was Coilia nasus which comprised 64.44% of the total catches.195 hauls were conducted in Hangzhou Bay, a total of 3 841 catches belonging to 62 species from 23 families were collected, Acentrogobius pflaumii and Eleutheronema rhadinum comprised 61.73% of the total catches. The differences of geography and aquatic environment between two areas affected composition of fish assemblage, while 26 mutual species occurred, the dissimilarity index still rose to 0.927. Developmental stage of fish larvae and juveniles also showed some differences, postflexion and juvenile fish dominated the total catches in Hangzhou Bay, whereas the variation in Yangtze River estuary was not in evidence.Community diversity of Hangzhou Bay is higher than that of the Yangtze River estuary, and the Margalef index, ShannonWierner index and Pielou eveness index were all higher. Kdominance curves revealed that the species richness was higher in Hangzhou Bay.

Abstract:In order to establish an economical and simple method to kill Enteromorpha prolifera which competitively grow together with Porphyra haitanensis in the Porphyra cultivation net, the blades of P.haitanensis and E.prolifera in different sizes were treated with direct refrigeration and acid. The results showed that there were significant differences in cell survival rates of the young blades (1-2 cm) between P.haitanensis and E.prolifera which were directly refrigerated for 5 days. The cell survival rate of the former was 90% and the latter was 50%. The blades of P.haitanensis grew well except that some dead cells appeared in the blade head after recover culture for 30 days, but the blades of E.prolifera became yellow and died gradually. When the blades grew up to 5 cm, they were treated with citric acid (pH=2.0) for 3 min the cell survival rate of P.haitanensis was about 90.9%, whereas it was only 58.5% for E.prolifera. The growth inhibition appeared in the blades of E.prolifera but not in P.haitanensis. It was better to treat them with hydrochloric acid solution (pH=2.3). After treatment for 1 min, the cell survival rate of E.prolifera was less than 20%; however, it was still up to 97% for P.haitanensis. Refrigerating the small blades (1-2 cm length) and treating the bigger blades (5 cm length) with acids would be a good method to get rid of E.prolifera.

Abstract:In order to obtain large and high quality pearls, the methods of the pearl culture in visceral mass combined with inserting large pearlnucleus cocultured by dissociating mantle cell were studied. The mantle cell was cultured by two different culture mediums that were named medium 1 and medium 2. The cell viability was detected at the different time points (2, 4, 6 and 12 h) during the process of culture. Then large pearlnucleus was cocultured by the two different dissociating cell groups. 500 Hyriopsis cumingii, divided into two groups, were separately inserted with the two kinds of cocultured pearlnucleus in their visceral mass. The results showed that the cell viability significantly increased with the cultured time in both culture mediums . The cell viabilities at 6 h and 12 h were both obviously higher than those at 4 h and 2 h (P<0.05), the difference of the cell viability was insignificant between the groups of 6 h and 12 h (P>0.05). As for the two different culture mediums, the difference of the cell viability at 2 h was insignificant (P >0.05). While, at 4 h，6 h and 12 h, the cell viability of medium 2 was apparently higher than that of medium 1 (P<0.05). The pearlnucleus cocultured by the medium 2 was attached with more cells than that by medium 1. After 5month cultivation , large and glossy pearl with 0.8 mm nacrum was obtained in the group of medium 2. Howere, the rate of pearlnucleus without nacrum in the group of medium 1 was much higher than that in the group of medium 2. The research indicated that the improved culture medium was more beneficial to the mantle cell culture and the nucleated pearl culture in visceral mass of Hyriopsis cumingii, which provides practical basis for the mantle cell culture and theoretical foundation for the large nucleated pearl culture in freshwater mussels.

Abstract:Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in nutrient media that contained different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in order to investigate the influence of concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus or their ratio on algal growth. Meanwhile, grazing experiments of Daphnia hyalina were conducted at different temperatures (11, 17, 23 ℃), using the cultivated C. vulgaris as food to study the impact of temperature and food quality on the growth and reproduction of D. hyalina. Experimental results indicated that of the three N∶ P atomic ratios (normal BG11 medium, N∶ P=76.77∶1; 1/5fold and 5fold N∶ P ratios in normal medium), 1/5fold N∶ P normal ratio offered the best conditions for C. vulgaris growth with the lowest N∶ P ratio in C. vulgaris cells than other conditions.C. vulgaris cultivated under 5fold N∶ P normal ratio has a little higher N∶P ratio of the algal body and gave C. vulgaris a lower growth rate than the normal medium group. We further fed D. hyalina with the different quality of C. vulgaris. Results revealed that, regardless of the temperature, the net reproductive rate （R_o）and generation time（T）of D. hyalina showed the highest values in low N∶P group (36.14-120.83, 24.61-35.56 d), followed by the middle N∶P group (16.29-59.39, 20.52-33.59 d), and the high N∶P group (13.02-38.99, 18.99-33.51 d). The intrinsic rate of increase（rm) of D. hyalina showed the highest values in high N and high N∶P group (0.115-0.179), followed by the low N∶ P group (0.105-0.152), and the low P and high N∶P group (0.081-0.128). Besides, water temperature was one of the factors affecting the growth and reproduction of D. hyalina. 17 ℃ was the optimum temperature for the growth and reproduction of D. hyalina.

Abstract:The survival rate, gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activities and serum iNOS, PO, SOD, GSHPX, LSZ activities were compared in Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Litopenaeus vannamei and Marsupenaeus japonicus which were reared under control group (pH 8.2), low (pH 7.2), and high (pH 9.2) pH stress conditions in this study. Results showed that there were no negative effects among three species of shrimps when reared in the control group for 96 h. Under low or high pH stress conditions, the survival rates of M. japonicus, L. vannamei and F. chinensis for 96 h were 96.7% and 97.0%, 60.1% and 54.6%, 58.6％ and 13.3％, respectively. With respect to gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity, L. vannamei showed highest level and M. japonicus was lowest in control group. The change in gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity of F. chinensis was the biggest. But that of M. japonicas was smallest under both low and high pH stress conditions. Also, all three species of shrimps tend to change much more in gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity under pH 9.2. In the control, the activities of nonspecific immunityrelated enzymes of both L. vannamei and M. japonicus were significantly higher than that of F. chinensis and PO and SOD activities of M. japonicus were markedly higher than that of L. vannamei, while the LSZ activity of L. vannamei was higher than that of M. japonicus. The changes in nonspecific immunityrelated enzymatic activities for F. chinensis and L. vannamei were much higher than that for M. japonicus both in low and high pH stress conditions for 96 h. Serum iNOS, SOD, GSHPX and LSZ activity in F. chinensis and L. vannamei tended to change much more than in M. japonicas under low pH stress. The data obtained in the study indicated that M. japonicus has the strongest tolerance for pH stress among three species, then L. vannamei, and F. chinensis was the lowest.

Abstract:Gas chromatograph method was used to measure fatty acid composition in cell membrane of mud crab Scylla paramamosain from the different waters in winter in order to understand the impact of low temperature on fatty acid composition in membrane and the adaptation in winter. The results showed that the different changes of fatty acid composition appeared in cell membranes of different organs and tissues in S. paramamosain C16∶0 and C16∶1 relative content in cell membranes of gills and hepatopancreas in Ninghai waters were significant lower than these in Xiamen waters respectively (P<0.01 or P<0.05); C18∶0 relative content in cell membrane of hepatopancreas in Ninghai waters was significantly lower than that in Xiamen waters (P<0.01); C20∶4 in cell membranes of gill, hepatopancreas and muscle in Ninghai waters increased in contrast with Xiamen waters (P<0.01 or P<0.05); C20∶5 in hepatopancreas cell membrane was also significantly higher than that in Xiamen waters (P<0.01). Saturation index of ∑SFA/∑UFA in cell membranes of gill and hepatopancreas in Ninghai waters significantly decreased compared with the Xiamen waters (P<0.01 or P<0.05). For saturation index in cell membrane of muscle, there was no significant difference between Ninghai and Xiamen waters (P>0.05). In conclusion, in Ninghai waters with the lower temperature in winter, the increase of relative contents of nonsaturation fatty acids in cell membrane results in the decrease of saturation index to be used to keep the fluidity of cell membrane and ensure its ability to perform biological function.

Abstract:Three wild populations of Protosalanx hyalocranius were sampled from nature waters of Lianhuanhu lake in Heilongjiang Province(HL), Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province(JT) , Shitoukoumen Reservoir in Jilin Province (JS)respectively. The capture was conducted in December 2010. The muscle nutritional composition of P. hyalocraniuss from three different areas had measured by conventional biochemistry. As a result, crude protein and moisture content of fish from three areas had no significant difference (P >0.05) , while there was significant difference in crude fat content among the three populations (P<0.05) . Fish from JT had the highest total and nonessential amino acid contents (76.14%and 45.57%, dry weight) .The lowest total and nonessential amino acid contents were 71.54% and 42.64%, of fish from HL. There was significant difference of flavor acids in JS compared with that in other two populations (P<0.05). There was no significant difference of total fatty acid content among the three populations (P >0.05) . Fish from JT had higher essential amino acid index, amino acid score and chemical score than those of the other two populations. There was significant difference of total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents in HLcompared with that in other two populations (P<0.05). Based on the clustering analysis, it was apparent that the nutritional quality of fish from JT and JL was better than that from HL.

Abstract:The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of partial replacement of fish meal (FM) by corn gluten meal (CGM) on nitrogen and phosphorus retention of Carassius auratus gibelio. Two kinds of isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 0 (with 10% FM) and 8% of CGM respectively. Three sizes(initial weight of 26.90g, 51.70g, 97.67g) of Carassius auratus gibelio were fed for 97 days in cage culture, and sampled on 30th, 61th and 97th day. After feeding, nitrogen retention, phosphorus retention of muscle and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity of hepatopancreas and muscle were determined in different sizes of Carassius auratus gibelio in three feeding phases. The results showed that nitrogen contents of muscle inⅡand Ⅲ phases of small size,Ⅰphase of medium size and Ⅲ phase of large size were significantly, but the others were not significantly defferent between FM and CGM group; Phosphorus content of muscle inⅠandⅡ phases of small size were not significantly different except that phosphorus content of FM group were significantly higher than CGM group in Ⅲ phase (P<0.05), phosphorus content of CGM group were overall significantly higher than FM group in medium size and large size but Ⅲ phase of large size (P<0.05); Muscle nitrogen retention of FM group was significantly higher than CGM group (P<0.05) except forⅠphase of medium size; There were no significant differences on GDH activity of hepatopancreas with feeding; GDH activity of muscle of FM were not significantly different from CGM group without Ⅱ phase of medium size andⅠphase of large size; Phosphorus retention of muscle of CGM group was significantly lower than CGM group (P<0.05) withoutⅠphase. All results indicated that CGM group (replacing same amount of fish meal) reduced nitrogen and phosphorus retention in muscle of Carassius auratus gibelio compared with fish meal group and there was no significant effect on GDH activity of hepatopancreas and muscle. Protein catabolism was not significantly effected.

Abstract:The differences in physical and chemical characteristics and textural mechanical properties in muscles between 9 grass carps (body weight of 1295.7 ± 37.2 g) and 9 crisped grass carps (body weight of 706.8 ± 6.5 g) were investigated in the present study. The results indicated that the content of protein in crisped grass carp muscle was higher, while the contents of crude lipid and ferrum were lower than those in grass carp (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in muscle moisture, crude ash, calcium and chromium contents in both groups. Crisped grass carp had higher pH value, muscle fiber density and collagen content in muscle than those of grass carp (P<0.05). Compared with grass carp, muscle drip loss of crisped grass carp at 2 h, 4 h, was significantly lower (P<0.05), but not at 8 h. The hardness and chewiness of crisped grass carp muscle were higher than those of grass carp in textural mechanical properties (P<0.05). Among meat quality indexes analyzed above, muscle fiber density, pH value and collagen contents played an important role to improve the meat quality within a certain range; the contents of lipid showed a negative correlation with muscle hardness (P<0.05), and muscle fiber density showed a negative correlation with muscle drip loss (P<0.05).

Abstract:Improvement of fishing ground forecasting is an important content in the field of fisheries oceanography. The geographic information system and other high technologies are applied to the fishing ground more and more. In this paper, based on the fishery data from Chinese squid jigging fleets and environmental data, the habitat suitability index (HSI) is used to establish intelligent fishery forecasting of Illex argentinus in the Southwest Atlantic, and the software system of fishery forecasting is developed by itself. Meanwhile, the paper uses realtime surface temperature, chlorophylla, sea surface height anomaly and other environmental factors to forecast the fishing ground and verify production data in 2009 by the forecasting model. The results indicated that the actual fishing grounds are basically located in the HSI area of more than 0.5, the prediction accuracy rates of fishing ground from January to April reached from 57% to 74%, and the average accuracy rate attained 68.29%. The results suggest that the HSI model can be used to accurately predict the fishing ground of Illex argentinus in the southwest Atlantic Ocean, and the high technologies such as geographic information system can realize intelligently forecasting the fishing ground.

Abstract:According to 854 samples of Ommastrephes bartramii, collected by squid jigging vessel in the east central waters of North Pacific Ocean during April to July in 2010, the mantle length (ML) composition, sex ratio, sexual maturity and other biological properties in the two areas (170°E-180°E and 170°W-180°W) are analyzed and compared. The results showed that the dominant ML of female was 25-29 cm and 35-43 cm, the average ML was 32.9 cm in the waters of 170°W-180°W, and the dominant ML for male squid was 23-27 cm and the average ML was 24.5 cm. While in the waters of 170°E-180°E, the dominant ML for female squid was 35-43 cm and the average ML was 36.9 cm, and only one male squid was sampled. The relationship between weight and ML showed that the females grow faster than males, especially in waters of west longitude. The sexual composition in the catch does not meet 1∶1. In the areas of 170°W-180°W , the female maturity for Ⅰ and Ⅱ stages accounts for 97.9% of the total, and the corresponding dominant ML were 23-27 cm and 35-43 cm respectively, the dominant ML for Ⅲ maturity stage is 45-49 cm. For the male sexual maturity, stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ are most and the corresponding dominant ML were 23-27 cm and 25-27 cm respectively. In the areas of 170 ° E-180 ° E, the female maturity for stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ is the main part and the corresponding ML was 29-35 cm and 35-43 cm respectively. The female MLs of first maturity were 47.3 cm and 50.7 cm in the waters of 170°W-180°W and 170°E-180°E respectively. It is concluded that all samples belonged to the fall spawning group, the largesize group is the main part and there are a few smallsize groups in the waters of 170°E-180°E, and smallsize group and largesize group are of the same proportion in the waters of 170°W-180°W.

Abstract:Stock enhancement is an important way to improve the environment of the waters, recover fishery resources, protect biological diversity and promote the sustainable development of ecosystem. Although the effort of stock enhancement is notable, there are many further tasks to do, especially in the basic research, institution management, releasing criterion and the effect evaluation. Present study briefly described the status of the management of stock enhancement and analyzed the potential problems. Some advice had been proposed on improving the management of stock enhancement in China, so as to enhance benefit and scientific management of stock enhancement and release.

Abstract:The unique marine ecosystem is more and more recognized as a source of extremely potent natural anticancer agents. The Molecular Electronegativity Distance Vector (MEDV-13) was used to describe the chemical structure of 44 Fascaplysin analogues, and resulting in a quantitative structureproperty relationship (QSAR) model of six parameters on IC₅₀ for CDk4 using variable selection and modeling based on prediction (VSMP), which was validated ty LOO method and external test set were respectively. The obtained model shows good estimation ability and strong predictive power for the external samples with a calibrated correlation coefficient of r=0.923 9 and LOO validated correlation coefficient of q=0.878 9. Last, the influences of each index on activity were calculated by its relative or fraction contribution. The results revealed that the main structural factors influencing the bioactivities are =C-(or-C-)、>C-、>N-、-O and benzene site in biphenyl, and parabiphenyl is advantageous to activity.

Abstract:Low power X-ray irradiator was used to irradiate the microorganisms in contaminated fresh beef from 3.08 to 18.48 Gy. D₁₀ values were gained by correlation analysis of microbial survival rate and irradiation dose in this condition. The radiation sensitivity of them was also discussed. The results showed that: theD₁₀ values for environmental polluted bacteria strains of Escherichia coil, Bacillus cereus and its spores were5.41, 5.00 and 23.81 Gy respectively. TheD₁₀ values for pathogenic bacteria strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were 5.35 and 6.45 Gy respectively. The D₁₀ values for spoilage bacteria strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and spores of Penicillium were 3.62，4.39，and 16.39 Gy respectively. Among the strains tested, spores of Bacillus cereus and Penicillium were more resistant to irradiation. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were more sensitive to irradiation. After being irradiated by low power Xray, the strains tested still had some bactericidal effects.

Abstract:This paper described the designing and developing of a management system of annual reports for fisheries statistics from aspects such as overall design, digitalizing process, database design, file storage, interface and searching methods. The system can benefit the protecting of documents as well as sharing and utilizing of the information. The system consists of annual reports management module, system management module, information querying module and individual tools module. Reports are managed on an annual basis in the system. The system can be divided into three submodules named annual statistics management, annual volumes management and statistic table management. Two of the information’s adding methods named batch adding method and recursive adding method are provided in the system. There are two of the information’s editing methods named integrated editing method and discrete editing method too. The system updates database using storage procedure and can backup easily on Web. The system is proved to be efficient and convenient in enterprise applications. The system improved the utilization of annual reports as well as keeping annual reports well. Implementation of the system can also enhance the image of enterprises to some extent.

Abstract:With the continuous evolution of civilization in inland, ocean civilization also had certain development in China. The ancient ocean concepts affected Chinese preQin philosophical system construction. In the preQin period, the philosophers interpreted their philosophy through using ocean idea to metaphorize Tao, human, politics. They metaphorized heaven Tao and Tao from the ocean idea which became the very important platform. People used ocean idea to metaphorize human in order to distinguish the different cognition and realm. Ocean idea was also compared to moral cultivation as a parable. They used ocean idea to metaphorize politics in order to require the rulers to be benevolent and unassertive which displayed the political philosophy characteristics. The ocean idea in preQin reflected rich connotation and diverse forms of preQin ocean culture. However, the ocean became the conquered object in western civilization. Chinese in preQin recognized the ocean in “nature and humanity” along with aesthetic way .It showed the harmony of man and ocean and embodied the characteristics of China's early ocean culture.

Abstract:With the rapid development and gradual popularization of China’s Internet industry, the wide application of Internet permeates every aspect of human life and is established as one of its major tools. The advent of the Internet fortifies collegelevel party organizations for it’s “political, innovative and effective consciousness” and it brings forth new opportunities. On behalf of the Communist Party of China, the collegelevel party organizations perform their important duties of maintaining close ties with the masses and guiding, organizing and uniting them, and implementing the Party’s line, principles and policies at the grassroots level. The application of Internet to the collegelevel Party organizations’ mass work innovates not only the concept of mass work itself, but also its methodology and working mechanism. The ideological innovation is the basis for the innovative application of Internet in the collegelevel Party organizations’ mass work. The innovation of mass work, a harmonious Partymass relationship and a sound development of collegelevel Party building could be all accomplished by establishing a network in which Party members can best contact and serve the masses, formulating the rules concerning the contact between the Party members and the masses, instituting a free and efficient mechanism for the masses to express their wishes and participate in politics.