Abstract:To evaluate the current status of 〖WTBX〗Sinibrama macrops〖WTBZ〗 population in Qiandao Lake, age、 growth and reproduction characters were studied using 707 specimens collected from July 2008 to April 2009. Ages were determined by reading annuli on scales, The estimated age ranges were between 0⁺-5⁺years for females and 0⁺-4⁺years for males, the age group advantage is 1⁺-2⁺, which accounts 74.1%. The body length and body weight range of population is 9.2 cm-20.4 cm, 18-195 g. The growth trait of the length and weight was similar as W=0.0248L^2.8985（r=0.9482）, The body growth pattern can be well described by von Bertalanffy equation and they were L_t=24.04［1-e^{-0.1477(t+2.8540)}］，W_t=249.38［1-e^{-0.1477(t+2.8540)}]^2.8985, The growth age at inflection point was 4.35 year old and the corresponding body length and body weight were 15.74 cm，73.13 g. The sex ratio for female and male is 1.27∶1, The individual absolute fecundity varied from 1 870-18 665 eggs(average 6 279), and the individual relative fecundity(FL) varied from 38-215 eggs/g (average 98), The gonadosomatic index for female and male is 22.85%,12.56%, and the female fish are total spawners. Growth indexs in general declined with age growth, and the condition factor reached in its peak in March. According to the body length and body weight in inflexion there had overfished condition, therefore, the countermeasures should be taken such as restricting the individual which is below 4 age, in order to protect the resources of Sinibrama macrops.

Abstract:Effect of polyβ-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) on survival and growth of Artemia was investigated. Various levels of PHB concentration (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400 and 800 mg/L, respectively) and different enrichment periods (24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively) were applied during Artemia enrichment in two separate trials. PHB suspension was prepared with ultrasonicator to make the particle size smaller (ranging from 10 to 50 μm) and fed to the newlyhatched Artemia nauplii according to the designed concentration. The initial density of Artemia nauplii was 100 ind/200 mL. The results showed that survival of Artemia enriched with 100 mg/L PHB for 24 h was significantly higher than that of other treatments, which was reduced remarkably when Artemia were enriched with other PHB concentrations and longer periods (48 h and 72 h) (P<0.05). And the 72 hgrowth of Artemia enriched with 100 mg/L PHB was also significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). The result of quantitative determination indicated that, within 24 h enrichment, PHB content in Artemia increased along with enrichment time and reached the highest at 24 h, accounting for 10.73% of Artemia dry weight. In conclusion, we proposed that PHB can be applied efficiently in larviculture through Artemia enrichment at a level of 100 mg/L PHB for 24 h.

Abstract:The method for determination of 10 pyrethroids residues such as tefluthrin in Penaeus vannamei by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) was developed. Pyrethroids were extracted with hexanethylacetateactone organic solvent and lipids were removed with petroleum ether saturated with acetonitrile. After purification by Florisil column, 10 pyrethroids residues were detected simultaneously by GC-ECD. The results indicated that the working curves were linear (r≥0.999 51) in the range of 1-100 ng/mL for 10 pyrethroids . When spiked with 2 μg/kg, 10 μg/kg and 20 μg/kg of pyrethroids (1 μg/kg, 5 μg/kg and 10 μg/kg for tefluthrin) in Penaeus vannamei blank sample, the average recoveries were 78.0%-110.0% and the intraday RSD (n=6) were 4.0%-12.0% and the interday RSD (n=3) were 2.3%-12.0%. The detection limit as estimated by 10 times signal to noise method for tefluthrin was 1.0 μg/kg and that for bifenthrin, fenpropanate, cyhalothrin, pemethrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, taufluvalinate, fenvalate, deltamethrin was 2.0 μg/kg respectively. This method can detect pyrethroids residues in aquatic product quickly and exactly.

Abstract:This experiment was conducted to analyse the species and drug resistance of hemorrhagic pathogens from Monopterus albus. One hemorrhagic disease pathogens(HM₁) of M. albus from Mingshan in Sichuan was isolated using bacteria classification and identification technique, and was identified according to the morphological, physiological and biological characteristics and the phylogenetic analysis. On pathogenicity test of animals, the experimental Ictalurus nebulosus demonstrated weak pathogenic symptom, but not any pahthogenic symptom in mice and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Morphological and physiological biochemical character homophyly of HM₁ strain was in accordance with Micrococcus luteus, which presented gram positive coccus, nonmotility, arranged in couples or quadruple or clumps, nonchainlike conformation, nonsporulation; catalasepositive, gelatin liquefactionpositive, lactosenegative, mannitolnegative, glucosenegative, aesculin hydrolysisnegative, nitrate reductionnegative, arginine hydrolytic enzymenegative and so on. The 16S rDNA gene of HM₁ was amplified by PCR using the universal primers. Then, the 16S rDNA gene was cloned and sequenced. A sequence of 1 382 base pair (bp) was obtained from HM₁ (GenBank accession number: HM044913). The analysis using online Classifer software form the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) database showed that the strain HM₁ was classified in Micrococcus. The nucleotide sequences homology of 16S rDNA from HM1 strain had 99% identity with 7 strains M. luteus in GenBank. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed based on genes 16S rDNA indicate that the strains of HM₁ and other M. luteus in GenBank are clustered in the same clade. The results suggest that the isolated strain (HM₁) was classified in M. luteus. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the isolated strain (HM₁) was sensitive to 18 kinds of drugs inculding norfloxacin, cefazolin sodium and carbenicillin, etc; and was medium sensitive to ceftazidime; and insusceptible to 5 kind of drugs such as nalidixic acid, gatifloxacin and sulfafurazole, etc.

Abstract:231 Setipinna taty individuals were sampled by singlestake stownet fishery from Lüsi Fishing Ground in the south of the Yellow Sea to analyze sagittal otolith morphology and information contained. The results indicated that the otolith length ranged from 1.88 to 4.91 mm with mean of 3.75 mm and otolith weight ranged from 0.8 to 13.7 mg with mean of 6.4mg. Observation of the otoliths of Setipinna taty showed that the growth equation was fitted by the all otolith length ( L_OA, mm) and fork length as follows, L_OA=2.6322 ln(L)-8.2612. The relationship between L_OA and otolith weight (W_O, mg) was W_O=0.196×L_OA^-2.6186. It is induced that the age range of the Setipinna taty individuals measured was 60-258 days, in which 90~150 days dominated the age range, accounting for 69.5%. The linear growth equation between fork length and age (day) was L=0.2034×A+69.12. The estimated hatch dates of Setipinna taty in the south of the Yellow Sea were distributed between January and March and 83.6% concentrated in February.

Abstract:The growth relationship between statolith and individual of the jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas) sampled in waters off Costa Rica from July to August in 2009 was studied with multiple statistical methods. It was found that the growth relationship between statolith and mantle length (ML) was significant (P<0.01), and the biggest coefficient were ventral dorsal dome length (DDL) and total statolith length (TSL). Statolith growth contained two phases, rapid growth of statolith before ML was smaller than 26-30 cm, and after that there has a slow growth of statolith. The dorsal length (DL), rostrum inside length (RIL) and DDL grew faster than the TSL, but the ventral dorsal dome angle (DDA), rostrum lateral dome angle (RDA) and rostrum angle (RA) were reduced during the growth process. So the morphology of lateral dome and rostrum were changed significantly (P<0.05). Although the significant changes of statolith morphology preceded the growth changes and the significant changes of various parts in morphology were not synchronized, the morphological changes mainly occurred in individuals with 23-29 cm ML, after that the morphology kept stabilized. The significant changes of growth and morphology were associated with habitat changed of water layer, and the jumbo flying squid statolith was coincided with the characteristics of pelagic cephalopods.

Abstract:It could be beneficial to reducing the incidental catch of nontarget species, and improving the accuracy of CPUE standardization to study on the effective fishing effort and fishing efficiency of the longline fishing gears. A survey on tuna longline fishery has been conducted in waters near Gilbert Islands from October to December 2009. The traditional and experimental fishing gears were used in the survey. The bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) nominal CPUE in the different depth classes were used to estimate its habitat preference. The “deterministic habitat based standardization” was applied to estimate the effective fishing effort of the traditional and experimental fishing gears. The difference of the fishing efficiency between the traditional and experimental fishing gears was tested by the Ttest. This study suggested that: （1）There was significant difference between the nominal CPUE of the traditional gear and that of the experimental gear, and the nominal CPUE of the traditional gear was less than that of the experimental gear;There was significant difference between the nominal fishing effort and the effective fishing effort, and the effective fishing effort was less than the nominal fishing effort; （2）The efficiency of the experimental gear for the bigeye tuna was greater than that of the traditional gear; （3）When the target species was bigeye tuna, the experimental gear was suggested to be used in the operation to increase the fishing efficiency; （4）The different fishing gear has the different fishing efficiency to the same catch species; the distribution of bigeye tuna CPUE in the different depth classes could be used to estimate the habitat preferences of the bigeye tuna and estimate the fishing efficiency of the fishing gear for the bigeye tuna; and the “deterministic habitat based standardization” model could be used in the CPUE standardization to improve the accuracy of the stock assessment for the respective catch species.

Abstract:Constructing brand strategy of the recreational fisheries products is very important.It is not only related to the sustainable use of fisheries resources, but also related to the competitiveness of recreational fishery in the country and the world.And it is an inevitable choice to the recreational fishing operators in the market competition.Firstly,the author points out the essence of recereational fishery from brand strategy point of view.Operators design the brand image of recreational fishing,promote the brand of the company in a series of mass media,and make sure that the brand is known to the public.With their propaganda,the consumers from other parts of the country will be drawn to visit,have leisure and enjoy.By these efforts,the market competitive edge of recereational fishery will be raised.Secondly,based on the developmental status of the brand construction of recereational fishery in China,the author points out the necessity of the brand strategy construction on the recreational fisheries in China from these perspectives of operators, consumers and the whole nation.For example,it could help operators to seize market shares,carry out product variation to expand the economic benefits.And it also helps to fully exploit the local “Fish Culture” to improve culture tastes of recreational fishing.In addition,it could help customers to choose the best products.Importantly it is beneficial to the country to raise the whole competitiveness of recreational fisheries,and enhance our overall competitive strength of recreational fisheries.Lastly,the author points out some problems in constructing the brand strategy on the Chinese recreational fisheries.It contains that ecological brand positioning,integration of existing products,protection of brand quality,outstanding “Fish Culture” and consolidation of “fishing villiage”.

Abstract:Gammaproteobacteria were the dominant species playing different ecological roles in kelp beds and mussel farms. In order to demonstrate whether the environmental conditions were different in these areas, it was applied to study the relationship between heterotrophic bacterioplankton and environmental parameters during spring in the area of Gouqi Island. The results showed that abundance of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the area of KS_X, MS_X and S_X were 1.6×10⁸cells/L, 1.21×10⁸cells/L and 1.56×10⁸cells/L separately. Horizontal distribution of heterotrophic bacterioplankton was that abundance in KS_X was highest and 1.33 fold of number in MS_X which was lower than in that S_X. Heterotrophic bacterioplankton was positively correlated with chlorophyll a in KS_X. It was limited positively by ammonium in KS_X, because of algae depending on nitrate and the advantages of bacterioplankton absorbing nutrient and competing with phytoplankton; number of bacterioplankton was negatively influenced by ammionium and positively influenced by dissolved organic carbon in S_X. Therefore, Chlorophyll a and ammonium and dissolved organ carbon were the key limiting parameters of heterotrophic bacterioplankton during spring around kelp bed area of Gouqi Island.

Abstract:By using canonical correspondence analysis(CCA),this paper studied the relationship between phytoplankton species and its environmental factors. The speciesenvironment biplots were drawn based on the result of CCA. The result showed that total inorganic nitrogen, water temperature and transparency were the most important factors influencing the distribution of phytoplankton species. The distribution of main dominant phytoplankton species Chaetoceros muelleri and Eucompia zoodiacus correlated strongly with phosphate. CCA can be a useful tool to understand the spatial distribution of phytoplankton species in marine ecosystems.

Abstract:In this paper, the correlation between chlorophyll a and some environmental factors including pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, transparency, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and so on, was analyzed by regression statistical method, based on the investigation data in Dishui Lake from January to December in 2009. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of chlorophyll a were also analyzed.The results showed that the concentration of chlorophyll a ranged from 0.5 to 139.5 mg/m³ with the average value of （52.97±28.32） mg/m³.The highest concentration occurred in the period of April to June. Extremely significant differences of chlorophyll a existed between sampling site Ⅲ and VI, V, VI respectively and also between sampling site I and VI. In different sampling sites, the important environmental factors affecting chlorophyll a were different, thus different factors were chosen for the multiple stepwise regression. However, the relationship between lg(Y_Chl.a) and lg(X_TP) was positive, while that between lg(X_TN/TP and lg(X_TN/TP) was negative. The equations obtained were lg(Y_Chl.a)=2.146+0.530lg(X_TP)，lg(Y_Chl.a)=2.017－0.275lg(X_TN/TP), which were more practicable than the multiple stepwise regression equations.

Abstract:Ecological restoration of water environment is in the increasingly widespread concern. Aquatic ecological restoration engineering technology guided by algaeeating daphnia controlling algae was applied to improve water clarity by input algae-eating daphnia, then taking such planting submerged aquatic vegetation as the focus of a series of ecological restoration measures to rehabilitate eutrophication landscape water. In reclaimed water supply conditions, the landscape waterbodies of the Yuanmingyuan implementation projects of aquatic ecological restoration were guided by algaeeating daphnia controlling algae. In Fanghe, Jianbiting, and Yulinglongguan during April to June 2008, and Fenglingzhou during September to November, 2007, water quality monitoring was carried out during and after the restoration. The result indicates that the main indexes such as turbidity, COD, TN, TP and Chla were improved greatly. After restoration, they were 1-2NTU, 6-11 mg/L, 0.28-0.98 mg/L, 0.019-0.044 mg/L, 2.1-8.5 mg/m3 respectively. Compared with before the restoration, the four indicators mentioned above decreased 74%-99%, 63%-87%, 77%-85%, 77%-85% respectively, and the water quality was II-III grade compared with V grade before restoration.

Abstract:The optimum conditions for the extraction of cadmium from Oyster homogenate by succinic acid and citric acid were determined using single facter and orthogonal array design methodology. The results showed that the pH value of organic acid has the maximal effect on extraction rate of cadmium in Oyster homogenate, followed by materialliquid ratio and extraction time. The effects of concentration and temperature on extraction rate were found to be slightly dependent on the type of organic acid. The optimal conditions to obtain the highest extraction rate by succinic acid and citric acid were 2 h, 35 ℃, pH 3.0, 0.02 mol/L of sucinic acid and 1∶15 of material to solution, as well as 2 h, 35 ℃, pH 2.5, 0.04 mol/L of citric acid and 1∶15 of material to liquid, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, extraction rate of cadmium from Oyster homogenate by the two organic acids reached up to 90.2%-91.8%.

Abstract:In the public management major, teaching purpose of administrative law courses is to cultivate students’s, conception of rule and cultivating lawful management behavior and cultivating the capacity for bearing the legal liability for their management. So administrative law courses in the public management major need to establish a new curriculum knowledge system that complies with public management practice. From the analysis of logic, construction of the curriculum knowledge system of administrative law courses from the public management perspective, needs to clear three fundamental questions: how to understand the administrative law from the perspective of public management? how many administrative law systems for the public administration activities to rely on? What is the useful knowledge for the public management major? Accordingly, the knowledge system of administrative law courses from the view of public management posed by the theory of the basis of administrative law and the theory of the subject of administrative law and the theory of administrative legal behavior and administrative law supervision theory and the theory of administrative legal relief. They are interrelated and mutually supporting and together constitute a knowledge system of administrative law courses in the view of public management. Among them, the behavior theory of administrative law is the main line in the knowledge system of administrative law courses. Other theories support the teaching content in the knowledge system of administrative law courses from the view of public management.

Abstract:In the early 20th century, in order to safeguard the country’s maritime rights and interests and to develop national fisheries industry, the government of Qing Dynasty and Republic of China learning from Japan, United States and other countries’ experiences, began to develop China’s fisheries education. After the founding of new China, Shanghai Fisheries College and other fisheries colleges had been founded since 1952 in succession. In 1950’s and 1960’s, learning experiences from Soviet Union, the system of fisheries higher education was established in China. After decades of development, the fisheries higher education had made great achievements, and made outstanding contributions to the development of fisheries industry in China. In the late 20th century, to meet the needs of the marine industry development, and the selfdevelopment needs of fisheries higher education, and the needs of building a modern marine society, the fisheries colleges and universities have changed their names to marine universities, and have transformed from single discipline universities into multidisciplinary marine universities. The transformation has promoted the development of marine higher education in China. For the effective development of marine higher education, it is suggested to take higher starting point and the road of international education, and to develop basic sciences and applied sciences coordinated, and to optimize the structure of marine higher education further, and to build a good threedimensional linkage mechanism between the government, marine universities and the society.