Abstract:Based on the data taken from two fishery resource surveys near the sea area of Qushan Island in March and June 2008, this study investigated distributions of Hoplocarida and Decapoda shrimp (simply called “shrimp”) resource density, species composition, richness and diversity (H') ; analyzed the contribution of the dominant species to total shrimp density. Results showed that 18 Decapoda and 1 Hoplocarida species were identified. Among them Alpheus japonicus, Palaemon gravieri and Exopalaemon annandalei were dominant species in March, while Alpheus japonicus was the dominant species in June. Weight density was 840.65 kg/km² and individual density was 797.3410³ ind/km²in March, and 923.52 kg/km²and 647.3210³ ind/km² in June respectively. Both weight and individual distribution showed the same tendency that the densities in the south area were higher than those in the north area. Based on theβ value, we come to the conclusion that the change of shrimp density was closely related with the change of the main dominant species density.

Abstract:Based on the catch and fishing effort data from small scale traditional light seining fisheries of Zhejiang Province and abundance data estimated by Fisheries Agency of Japan, the influence of the sea surface temperature (SST) from East China Sea and sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) from Niňo 3.4 area on the stock size of chub mackerel in East China Sea was analyzed. The results showed that there were significant positive relation (P<0.05) between SST and CPUE derived from small scale traditional light seining fisheries of Zhejiang Province and significant negative relation (P<0.05) between SST and abundance from Japan. The averaged SSTA of Niňo 3.4 from January to March can be considered as an index which roughly reflected abundance levels. When the averaged SSTA was negative, there was a great chance in lean year for chub mackerel stock, and vice versa. The opposite relationships between SST and abundance from different areas may be attributed to the influence of SST on migration of chub mackerel. La Niňa event would have a negative impact on the resource in the whole East China Sea, but the reason needs to be investigated in the future. The results indicated that the temporal and spatial dynamics of the stock should be included in the stock assessment for chub mackerel.

Abstract:Sea water temperature (SST) is one of the important factors that impact growth, reproduction and recruitment of chub mackerel. According to the catch and standardized CPUE data of purse seine fishery with lights (PSFL) and monthly sea surface temperature of the spawning ground in February from 1998 to 2006, the author developed a surplus production model for chub mackerel based on SST, and analyzed the impact of SST on the chub mackerel stock and its sustainable yield. The result indicates the relationship between sustainable yield and SST, can be expressed as Y_t=1 080.97 f_t-0.006f²_t+114.51SST_t f_t-2.91SST²_tf_t. Variations of chub mackerel stock biomass and sustainable yield are controlled mainly by SST in the spawning ground and fishing effort. The optimal SST range for chub mackerel spawning is 18.5- 20.6℃. It is suggested that the maximum sustainable yield may be estimated based on the annual different environmental conditions, and the fishery management measures should be adjusted in realtime.

Abstract:Base on the systematically measure to the fishing capability and the capacity utilization of Chinese inshore fleets by the data envelope analysis method, it was set up separately for the quantity relations between the fishing capacity and the income, the capacity utilization and the fishing capacity, and the income of per unit capacity and the capacity utilization. Making use of these models, the possible effect to fishing capacity was simulated by charging different fee for per unit of fishing capacity from 1996 to 2005. The results showed: through charging by 100 yuan for a ton fishing capacity to Chinese inshore fishing fleets for ten years, the fishing capacity would be curtailed to 40% of the original ones if the other management measures were not changed. So it will be necessary for controlling fishing capacity to introduce the system of charging in Chinese inshore fishing management. In the same time, the research also discovered that charging to fishing fleets will improve the whole fishing industry’s efficiency. But only when the fee rate isn’t too low, the effect of charging for protecting fishery resources will be seen, After that, the design of the proper fee rate for controlling fishing capacity to given aim was studied by the method of programming solution. It provides a reference method for constituting effective fee rate to the policies of charging. At last, through analyzing the difference between charging and taxing, it is suggested to collect the protecting fee of fishery resources for Chinese inshore fleets.

Abstract:This paper mainly studied the uptake kinetics of NO₃—N and PO₄—P by Ulva prolifera in laboratory. The results showed that: (1) The higher the density of algae, the higher removal efficiency on the NO₃—N and PO₄—P in Ulva prolifera is. When the algae density is 10g/L, the concentration of PO₄—P in the culture medium are 94.27 percent lower than the starting time after 6 h; (2) The absorption rates of U. prolifera on nitrogen and phosphorus can be described by the MihcaelsiMenton equation (R2> 0.95); The absorption rates of U. prolifera on nitrogen and phosphorus had a relationship with their contents in the medium. With increasing of NO₃ —N and PO₄—P concentrations in the medium, the absorption rates are at higher levels and eventually leveling off balance. When the concentrations of PO₄—P rise to 20 μmol/L, or NO₃—N rise to 45 μmol/L in the medium, the uptake rates both reached the maximum. (3) With the extension of time, there were three different stages for U. prolifera uptaking NO₃—N and PO₄—P: the first 60 min ,called rapid uptake stage , within the the maximum uptake rate of 250.43 and 5.82 μmol/(gh), respectively, while in the subsequent 60-320 min the changes of uptake rates are relatively slow, and with the maximum absorption rate of 155.12 and 2.36 μmol/(gh), respectively. After 320-720 min, the uptake rates are close to flat, the maximum absorption rates of U. prolifera are 36.72 and 1.32 μmol/(gh), respectively. This study provided a theoretical basis for exploring the mechanism of U. prolifera outbreak and its marine ecological effects assessment.

Abstract:The clone library of 16S rDNA and the phylogenetic tree were constructed with extraction of bacterial DNA from seaweed bed sediment sample of Gouqi Island , PCR amplification of bacterial 16S rDNA by universal primers, molecular clone, sequencing of 16S rDNA fragments and sequence analysis. The biodiversity of bacteria and phylogenetic analysis showed that the bacterial community fell into five main lineages: Proteobacteria(48.2%), Firmicutes(22.2%), Actinobacteria(14.8%), Chloroflexi(3.7%), Acidobacteria(3.7%), In addition, a part of unidentified bacteria (7.4%) was detected. Gammaproteobacteria played the dominant role in the Proteobacteria community of the seaweed bed sediment, it was about 46.1%, followed by the Alphaproteobacteria（23.1%),Betaproteobacteria(15.4%), Epsilonproteobacteria(7.7%), Deltaproteobacteria(7.7%). As the preponderant bacteria of marine sediment, the composition of Proteobacteria community was different in dissimilar ecosystems. It explained that the composition of the functional group is closely related to the mechanism of ecosystem. As the two branches of Grampositive bacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria mostly participated in decomposition of detritus and heterotrophic nutrient cycle in the seaweed beds of Gouqi Island.

Abstract:In summer of 2008, green tides broke out in south Yellow Sea.First,the nutrition of floating algae was analyzed and then the algae were treated by sulphuric acid for getting reducing sugar. The effects of temperature(℃), treating time(min), sulphuric acid concentration(%), ratio of mass weight(%)on the biomass hydrolyzation were studied and the hydrolysis conditions were optimized by orthogonal analysis. The results showed that optimum conditions for floating Ulva prolifera biomass hydrolysis by sulphuric acid were 90 ℃ of treating temperature, 70 min of treating time, 5% of sulphuric acid concentration, 4.5% of ratio of the mass weight. Liquid chromatography analysis showed that the molar ratio of monosaccharides in hydrolyzate were glucose 1.71∶xylose 1.00∶rhamnose 1.29. Growth curves of five yeasts(IwSc1,S1,S2,1770,1766) were drawn in order to ferment the liquid at stationary phase.The results showed that S2 was the best for getting highest ethanol concentration with GC analysis. The ethanol concentration was 2.1 g/L and the ethanol conversion rate was 26%.Glucose concentration dropped from 18.26 g/L to 2.38 g/L and the utilization rate of it was 87%. S1, S2 and IwSc1 mainly use glucose compared with 1770,1766 which can use both glucose and xylose.

Abstract:In order to describe microbial death kinetics under microwave treatment, the sugar solution with orange particles was used as the research material. As the sample, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes were suspended in sugar solution with orange particles. Two samples were exposed to microwave at 800W for 40 s, the bactericidal effect was evaluated. Linear, Weibull, log-logistic and Dose-Response functions were used to model survival curves of two pathogens in sample. The results showed that a treatment of 800W for 40s reduced the counts of Escherichia coli by 2.5 log10 and Listeria monocytogenes by 3.5 log10. Since the thermal sensitivity of two foodborne pathogens is different, the death rates of two foodborne pathogens were different in sterilization process. Both the survival curves showed a slow initial drop in bacterial counts followed by rapid drop when the treatment temperature to 60 ℃, the last tailing tail was caused by a diminishing inactivation rate. First order kinetic model can not be used to describe the law of microbial death under microwave sterilization. Weibull model, Log-Logistics Model and Dose-Response model all can better fit the inactivation of microorganisms. However, five model parameters were used for evaluating the stand or fall of model, the comparison of these indices indicates that Dose-Response model consistently produced better fits to inactivation data of Listeria monocytogenes than others. And Log-Logistic model had better fitting degree for Escherichia coli than others.

Abstract:Two κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides were prepared by acidic degradation. Then the maleyol derivatives (MA，MB) were synthesized with maleyol anhydride, respectively. The products were characterized by FTIR, the molecular weights (4 350, 4 540) were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method, and the substituting degrees (0.61, 0.44) were determined by colorimetry method. Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by the scavenging of superoxide anion, 1,1diphenyl2picrylhrazyl radicals (DPPH), H²O² and reducing power. The 50% inhibition concentrations (IC₅₀s) against superoxide anion of MA and MB were 0.441 and 0.489 mmol/L, respectively. As for DPPH radical scavenging, the IC₅₀s of MA and MB were 0.101 and 0.273 mmol/L, respectively. The IC₅₀against H²O² of MA was 0.052 mmol/L, MB failed to achieve halfinhibition in the test concentration. At a concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, and the absorbance of MA and MB was 0.894 and 0.487, respectively. The results indicated that MA showed better antioxidant activities than MB. The maleyol derivatives with higher substituting degrees have better antioxidant activity. It may be related to the nature of substituting group. In this paper, the relationship between the substituting degrees of the acylated κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides and their antioxidant activities was first reported. This research will be helpful to expand their applications in biomedicine.

Abstract:Constructing the socialist harmonious society is a strategic mission, raised by Hu Jintao, the generalsecretary of the Party Central Committee, due to the fact of our country's socialist development. Harmony among people is the basis of harmonious society. Socialist harmonious society is the society of democratic rule of law, equity and justice, honesty and fraternity, vigor and vitality, stability and order, and harmony between man and nature. Harmony between the government and citizens gives expression to the essence of harmonious society, and it is the key to the construction of harmonious society. Harmony between the government and citizens refers to the trust and cooperation, the consummation of the winwin, intimate relationship. Since the reform and openingup policy started to be carried out 30 years ago, the relationship of officers and public in our country is mostly harmonious. The Communist Party of China has been in office for a long time and has gained great achievements, but meanwhile something disharmonious occurred as well. If we don’t pay attention to improving and changing it, the circumstance will influence the construction of the harmonious society. In the process of the construction of harmonious society, we should attach importance to the opinion expressed by people, increase interest coordination, make all the people share the achievements of reform and development, continuously improve political style and party’s work style, promote the reform of political system and people’s political identity, mise people’s status in political life, so as to improve the relationship of government and citizen in order to promote social harmony.

Abstract:Deng Xiaoping advocated three criteria. Practice is the only criterion to test truth. There are two criteria:public ownership is the main part and common prosperity to judge socialism.He also put forward ‘three favors ’criterion. Practice criterion is the basis for quality criterion and value criterion, quality criterion and value criterion turn into one unity in practice. We must deal with their relations. There exist some phenomena sometimes in some places, for example, to substitute quality criterion for value criterion, to dissimilate value criterion and distort quality criterion,to emphasize quality criterion affecting value criterion, to substitute value criterion for quality criterion. All these phenomena deal with the practice criterion. To sum up the experience, we must realize and handle the relations among them. We must stick to practice criterion, deepen the knowledge about value criterion and quality criterion, try to find rule for development, and enhance socialism with Chinese characteristics.