Abstract:Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship in goldfish(Carssius auratus var) were examined using mitochondrial D-Loop partial sequences at eight representative varieties of goldfishes and wild crucian carp.The eight representative varieties were Red Common Goldfish(RC),Red Fantail(RF),White Oranda with Red Carp(WR),White Pearlscale(WP),Red Tigerhead(RT),Black Moor(BM),Red Moor with Butterfly Tail(MB) and Red Bubble-eye with Dorsal Fin(RB).699 base-pair nucleotide sequences of Mitochondrial D-Loop were examined and analyzed for genetic polymorphism.Sequences data showed that all 129 sequences were grouped into 17 haplotypes.Nine representative varieties shared same haplotype.Five representative varieties of goldfishes(BM,MB,WR,RF,RC)had haplotypes respectively.The results from the analyses of genetic distance and cluster analysis showed that six representative varieties(WP,BM,MB,RT,WR,RB) were clustered together first,which then clustered together with RF and finally clustered together with RC and WC.Wild common carp evolved to common goldfish first,and then common goldfish evolved to some primitive varieties of fantail goldfish,then differentiated to other representative varieties.

Abstract:The thymus of mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)was studied by general histology method and immunohistochemical method.The thymus is located on the edge of the gill cover close to the opercular cavity,triangle,is distributed symmetrically.Lobules of thymus are more evident along with increasing age.The parenchyma of thymus is divided into outer zone,middle zone and inner zone,with middle zone and inner zone being equal to cortex and medulla of mammal thymus respectively.The outer zone chiefly consists of squamous epithelium cells and mucous cells.Large numbers of reticulate fibres and lympoid cells are shown in middle zone,and the inner zone is full of deep-blue staining lympoid cells which are distributed loosely.Furthermore,Hassal's corpuscules and epithelial cysts are observed under light microscope.The result of immunohistochemistry shows that B lympoid cells of thymus are mostly distribute in the outer zone and middle zone,especially between the two lobules.cell membrane is positive evidently,brownish yellow.

Abstract:利用RAPD标记技术对罗氏沼虾缅甸引进群体和浙江本地群体及其一对一杂交产生的F1的分离方式进行了研究,并分析了双亲及F1的遗传结构。结果显示,50个RAPD随机引物中有9个可扩增出多态性位点,共产生47个位点,其中22个有多态性,占总位点的46.8%;9个位点可用于遗传连锁作图;13个为偏分离位点,1个为异常分离位点。克隆分析该异常分离位点发现,其大小为707 bp,与已知序列同源性极低。父母本之间的遗传距离为0.185 7,双亲与F1间的距离分别为0.158 2和0.107 3。以上结果表明,F1群体可以作为作图群体应用于罗氏沼虾遗传图谱的构建。

Abstract:对北极海冰获得的14株低温微生物进行培养条件和胞外水解酶活力的研究,结果表明:(1)菌株最适生长温度均为15℃和20℃左右,最适pH在8.0左右,在酸性条件下几乎不生长。生长需要一定浓度的盐,在3%NaC l的培养基中能很好的生长,而在没有NaC l的培养基中不生长。(2)14株菌株能不同程度的分泌胞外水解酶。(3)菌株i429,i539在低温下产纤维素酶的活力最高,具有低温酶的特性。

Abstract:The ability for removing ammonia-nitrogen of biomembrane cultured in fresh water decreased gradually with increases in salinity and its rise velocity.When the salinity rose to 13.3,23.9 and 31.3 from 0.6 respectively and was steadied for 48 h,the removing rates of the ammonia-nitrogen of biomembrane were 100%,93.0% and 86.9% respectively.When the salinity reduced to 0.6 from 31.3 with different velocity,the ability of removing ammonia-nitrogen of biomembrane resumed basically to normal,and removing rate of ammonia-nitrogen reached over 90%.The ability for removing ammonia-nitrogen of zeolite by absorption for 24-36 h was stronger than that of porcelain biochemical ring.But by absorption for 48 h,removing rate(95.1%) of ammonia-nitrogen of the porcelain biochemical ring was close to that(100.0%) of zeolite.The removing rate(99.2%) of ammonia-nitrogen of biological zeolite for 48 h was slightly higher than that(95.2%) of natural zeolite.

Abstract:Biological filtering is the core technology in maintaining the regular running of the high density of factory aquaculture.The proper running filter will be effective in nitrification,which will be affected by different working parameters.Although there are some reports on biological filtering,all lack the research on the practical system directly.In this paper,the water treatment rates of submerged biological filter under different conditions are compared.The results indicated that:(1) Without aeration,the best removal rate of NH4-N is 28.77% when the HRT is 18min.The removal rates of NO2-N is increased with the decreased water flow rates,which reach the top efficiency,67.20%,at the condition with 36 min HRT;The COD removal rate reaches the top at the condition with 36 min HRT,which is 6.65%.Additionally,the DO and pH of outlet water from the submerged biological filter at the conditions without aeration are lower obviously.(2) Under the conditions with aeration of 1 m3/h,the water treatment efficiency also increased with the reducing of the water influent.The removal rates of NH4-N and NO2-N are increased respectively from 7.54% and 49.30% at 9min HRT to 39.03% and 71.78% at 36 min HRT.The best removal rate of COD reaches 6.16% when the HRT is 36 min.And under these conditions,the DO and pH of outlet water have somewhat increased.(3) Under the conditions with aeration of 2 m3/h,the water treatment efficiency also increased with the decreased water flow rates.The best removal rate of NH4-N and NO2-N are 27.27% and 74.92% respectively which achieved at 36 min HRT.The removal rate of COD reaches the top when the HRT is 9min,which is 5.30%,and the DO and pH of outlet water also have some increase at these conditions with 2 m3/h aeration.(4) The results of comparison of the conditions without aeration to the conditions with aeration indicate that the water treatment efficiency under conditions with aeration is superior to that without aeration,and the treatment efficiency which achieved with 1 m3/h is relatively better than others.

Abstract:探讨了Cr6 、Mn7 和Hg2 三种重金属离子对青虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)的急性毒性及联合毒性作用。结果表明:Cr6 对青虾的24、48、72、96h的半致死浓度LC50分别为8.937、5.001、3.484、2.241mg/L;Mn7 对青虾24、48、96 h的LC50分别为45.497、34.191、13.293、2.460mg/L;Hg2 对青虾的24、48、72、96 h的LC50分别为0.0415、0.0239、0.0168、0.0131mg/L。急性毒性由强至弱依次为:Hg2 >Cr6 >Mn7 。Cr6 -Hg2 对青虾96 h的联合作用表现为协同作用;Mn7 -Hg2 对青虾的96 h联合急性毒性表现为:低浓度的Mn7 对Hg2 表现为协同作用,低浓度的Hg2 对Mn7 表现为拮抗作用;Mn7 -Cr6 96 h联合急性毒性表现为:高浓度的Mn7 对Cr6 表现为拮抗同作用,而非低浓度的Cr6 对Mn7 均表现为协同作用。并就Cr6 、Mn7 和Hg2 对青虾的急性致毒效应特征、安全浓度以及重金属离子间联合毒性效应进行了分析与探讨。

Abstract:使用广西水产研究所池塘人工驯化饲育3年的天然三角鲤亲鱼1676尾,采用经筛选的鱼类敏感药物(PG、LHRH-A2、HCG)单一或混合催产的方法,在2002-2005年,先后进行了10批共600组的三角鲤人工繁殖试验。收集受精卵795.5万粒,在水温20.0~28.5℃条件下,利用环道池孵化出鱼苗680.9万尾,平均孵化率为85.6%。并使用光学显微镜观察了自受精卵至鱼苗破膜而出的发育全过程,拍摄了各个阶段胚胎发育图谱。培育出2.5 cm以上鱼种631.7万尾,平均成活率达92.8%。

Abstract:研究了浙江千岛湖2004年浮游甲壳类的群落结构组成及现存量的时空变化。千岛湖浮游甲壳类主要由33种组成,其中桡足类14种,优势种为右突新镖水蚤(Neodiaptomus schmackeri)、特异荡镖水蚤(Neutrodiaptomus tumidus)、球状许水蚤(Schmackeria forbes)、近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinuss)等;枝角类19种,优势种为透明溞(Daphnia hyaline)、象鼻溞(Bosminaspp)、短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum)等。桡足类年平均密度为8.26±1.25 ind/L,年均生物量为0.13±0.09 mg/L,物种多样性指数为1.88;枝角类年平均密度为5.27±1.33 ind/L,年均生物量为0.42±0.23 mg/L,物种多样性指数为3.03。桡足类和枝角类密度均在8月份出现峰值,分别为42.76 ind/L和30.57 ind/L;水平分布上,千岛湖浮游甲壳类现存量在Ⅰ站点(宅上)最高,生物密度和生物重量分别达130.83 ind/L、7.83 mg/L,Ⅵ站点(湖村岛)最低,生物密度和生物重量仅有25.20 ind/L和2.93 mg/L。垂直分布以离水表8 m的生物量最高,分别为242.27 ind/L、13.98 mg/L。

Abstract:在人工育苗条件下,对0~36日龄舟山本地牙鲆仔稚幼鱼的摄食形为和生长特性进行了研究。水温19~22℃时,初孵仔鱼~15 d属于仔鱼期,16~35 d为稚鱼期,36 d起转为幼鱼期。牙鲆全长与日龄的关系式为Y=1.028 2 0.7011x-0.018 4x2 0.000 6x3,R2=0.992;肛前长与日龄的关系式为Y=0.179 7 0.371 7x-0.012 1x2 0.000 2x3,R2=0.960;体高与日龄的关系式为Y=0.615 6-0.069 6x 0.022 4x2 0.000 3x3,R2=0.988。舟山本地牙鲆孵化后3 d开始开口摄食,试验用生物饵料为轮虫、卤虫无节幼体、配合饵料。在仔鱼阶段其摄食率为25%~100%,饱食率为25%~80%;到稚幼鱼阶段摄食率均达到100%,饱食率90%。摄食高峰基本出现在白天,属白天摄食类型,稚鱼期会出现早晨与黄昏二个摄食高峰,稚鱼期晚上基本不摄食。舟山本地牙鲆饱食时间随生长发育增加而缩短,消化时间随生长发育而增长。研究结果表明,除培育水温较北方牙鲆培育水温高而使生长发育较快外,摄食特性没有太大的差异。

Abstract:Sargassum beds in Gouqi Island,Zhejiang Province,are the target researching sea area in this paper.Based on the uptake experiments of Sargassum horneri(Turn.) Ag.on inorganic phosphate,silicate,nitrite and nitrogen,the fluctuation of the uptake rate in 80 hours is analyzed :the uptake rate of inorganic phosphate decreases with time exponentially;the uptake rate of silicate decreases with time linearly;the uptake rate of nitrite increases with time logarithmically and is suppressed at the initial stage;Sargassum horneri(Turn.) Ag.absorbs nitrogen as N nutrient preferentially.Based on the uptake experiment of Sargassum horneri(Turn.) Ag.on silicate with gradient biomass of Sargassum horneri(Turn.) Ag.and initial silicate consistency,the fluctuation and the correlation factors of the silicate consistency and the dissolve rate of the silicate in seawater and the uptake rate of the Sargassum horneri(Turn.) Ag.on silicate are analyzed: the fluctuation of silicate in 10 days correlates with oriental silicate consistency,and doesn't correlate with biomass of Sargassum horneri(Turn.) Ag.;the fluctuation of the fierce degree of silicate consistency in seawater correlates with both biomass of Sargassum horneri(Turn.) Ag.and oriental silicate consistency.

Abstract:根据2006年4-6月我国鱿钓船在智利外海茎柔鱼渔场实际测定的灯光分布和生产统计资料,对金属卤化物灯和高压钠灯的光照度分布及其钓捕效果进行了比较分析。经测定分析和模型拟合,金属卤化物灯和高压钠灯的灯光衰减曲线符合指数模型,金属卤化物灯和高压钠灯的衰减系数分别为0.199 8和0.635 3。在180盏×2 kW金属卤化物灯情况下,在距船舷2 m的垂直断面,其水深5m内的光照度多在100 lx以上,10lx的等光照度曲线在18 m水层左右,0.01 lx的等光照度曲线在40 m水层附近。在30盏×500 W高压钠灯情况下,在距船舷2 m的垂直断面,其海面的平均光照度为10 lx左右,0.01 lx的等光照度曲线在20 m水层附近。以一些头足类的适宜光照度0.01~10 lx估算,30盏×500 W高压钠灯适宜照度的水体体积仅为180盏×2 kW金属卤化物灯的1/8左右。研究还表明,钓捕茎柔鱼时的金属卤化物灯适宜总功率为260~274 kW。

Abstract:In order to protect and rationally utilize living aquatic resources in accordance with law,we implement living aquatic resources enhancement action.Public participation and its legislation practice in China and other countries are discussed.The present situation and development of public participation in fishery resources protection and enhancement action are introduced,and the problems are analyzed.Finally,the writer thinks that the government must play a leading role in protecting public resources.Propaganda and education should be strengthened so as to enhance public consciousness of protection,mobilize the enthusiasm of all sides,and create the sound atmosphere of public mobilization and active participation.Moreover,necessary financial guarantees for living aquatic resources should be provided through establishing multiplexed mechanism of investment and financing.

Abstract:This paper analyzes Shanghai live-shellfish distribution channel by key investigation,sample investigation method,question investigation method and on-the-spot investigation.The author found that the shellfish sold in Shanghai are more than 30 species and the main species are Sinonovacula constricta,Meretrix meretrix,Cipangopaludina chinensis,Venerupis variegate,Moerella iridescens,Pecten grandis,Mytilus edulis,Cyclina sinensis,Pinna(Atrina) pectinate and Ostrea.The studies also show that the shellfish sold in Shanghai come basically from other parts of China such as Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shandong,Fujian,Liaoning and Hubei Provinces.There are about 20 thousand tons of live-shellfish from producing areas of which 17% is sold to luxury hotel and 83% to customers via retail markets.The studies also indicate the distribution channel and characteristics of Shanghai live-shellfish market.Finally,the author made a preliminary discussion on current problems and put forward some policy suggestion.

Abstract:The demand structure of aquatic products determines fisheries industry structure.The increasing demand of high quality aquatic products of citizens in Shanghai led to the great changes of fisheries industry structure in Shanghai in recent years.These changes include the rapid development farming fisheries for famous,special,and high quality species and the steady development of distant water fisheries.In Shanghai,the products from distant water fisheries are mainly sold abroad.In recent years,the aquatic product processing industry develops very slowly and the processing capability comparatively concentrates on several districts.However,the recreational fisheries develop very quickly and the logistics of fisheries are just making a beginning.In the paper,the authors discuss the fishery policies based on the analysis of these changes in recent years.The authors think that Shanghai should develop fishery ensuring system and pay more attention to the key fishery projects in order to promote the sustainable development.

Abstract:水温22℃下,显微观察了文蛤对塔玛亚历山大藻及海水小球藻,等鞭金藻和青岛大扁藻的表观消化状况,以灰化法测定了文蛤对四种单胞藻的同化率。结果表明,低浓度时文蛤对四种藻类的表观消化状况优于高浓度组;文蛤对海水小球藻、等鞭金藻和青岛大扁藻的同化率随着藻类浓度的升高而降低,其同化率变化范围分别为87.9%~67.4%、83.4%~58.7%和67.5%~37.9%。当塔玛亚历山大藻浓度低于5.0×103cell/mL时,文蛤不会产生假粪,该藻能够被文蛤摄食。藻浓度在1.0×103cell/mL到3.0×103cell/mL时,文蛤对该藻的同化率从81.8%降至52.3%,4.0×103cell/mL组的同化率升高至67.6%,藻浓度升高至5.0×103cell/mL时同化率又降至52.4%,塔玛亚历山大藻3.0×103cell/mL浓度组是一个分界点,同化率最低,大于这一浓度时,同化率又呈上升趋势。

Abstract:With a data collection of domestic and foreign marine fishing accidents and on-the-spot investigation,the present paper analyzes the realities of marine fishing accidents in China on the quantity and types of accident and makes a comparison with those of other trades and foreign fisheries.It reaches the conclusion that the situation of fishing safety is severe and the fishing mortality is high and finds out major causes as follows: decline of the overall guality of fishermen,poor seaworthiness of fishing vessels,disparity between the state of fishing ports and safety requirements,narrow scope of marine operation,underdevelopment of management,deterioration of fishery resources and the incomplete and inconsistent data statistics.A few proposals are put forward to improve the severe situation:(1) completing the law and regulation system of fishing safety;(2) optimizing fishermen structure;(3) improving the quality of fishing vessels;(4) emphasizing fishing port management;(5) emphasizing accident statistics;(6) establishing reasonable and efficient rescue system.

Abstract:Reasonable configuration of attracting fishing lamp is one of important issues in light fishery,and it needs to be analyzed and researched by theorization and practice to figure out the reasonableness of light configuration including varieties and distribution.In this paper,based on optics theory and characteristic of fishing lamp,a luminous intensity formula was established by regarding the lamp as area light source and using method of integral,this method is more precise than regarding the lamp as linear light source or spot light source.The validity of this method was verified by comparing true value and computed value,and the reason of bringing error between true value and computed value was also analyzed.According to this theory,illumination distribution of Type 8154 squid jigging ships on sea level was computed by using Mathematica4,and also the reasonable distance between Type 8154 squid jigging ships was studied.When illumination is 0.005 lx,the reasonable distance is 0.64 nm.