Abstract:Coreoperca is a group of freshwater fishes endemic in East Asia.To study the genetic structure and differentiation of C.whiteheadi in China,the sequences of mitochondrial DNA control region of 34 samples,collected from Yangtze River,Qiantangjiang River,Xijiang River and Nandujiang River,respectively,were analyzed by PCR and sequencing methods.Among the 838 bp length homologous sequences,81 variable sites(9.67%) were detected.4 haplotypes were identified,each belonged to one single population.No haplotype was shared among four populations while each population had some fixed diagnostic sites.The nucleotide divergence(Dxy) among populations was 0.360%-8.043%,while Nandujiang population showed significant divergence with the others.The fixation index(Fst) calculated by the analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) reached 1.000(P<0.001).NJ tree of the control region suggested that the 4 populations were divided into two clades: one clade included Nandujiang population,another clade comprised Yangtze,Qiantangjiang,Xijiang populations.These results suggested that genetic variance of C.whiteheadi is relatively low and the genetic differentiation among the four populations is significant;the Nandujiang population diverged distinctly from the other three populations.

Abstract:Gynogenetic diploid eggs by inhibiting the second polar body with 6-DMAP in Chlamys farreri were induced by genetically inactivated Crassostrea gigas sperms with ultraviolet.We observed nuclear behaviors of its gynogenetic embryos using fluorescent micro-technique during its early developmental stages.According to cytological observation,the ultraviolet-irradiated sperm nucleus could gently expand once after incorporating into egg and developed into a male pronucleus,but could not form chromosomes and became a dense chromatin body(DCB).DCB was seen either in the region of the furrow or in the cytoplasm of the blastomere,but could not fuse with the female pronucleus.The developmental progress of gynogenetic embryo was seriously delayed,but when added 6-DMAP,comparing with gynogenetic diploid,the developmental progress of gynogenetic diploid embryo was quickened and was also synchronous.In this study, we also reported and analyzed the embryo with complicated ploidy yielded in gynogenetic diploid group,besides gynogenetic diploid,there were hybrid,heterologous triploid,gynogenetic haploid,gynogenetic tetraploid,etc.Cytological evidence of gynogenesis in Chlamys farreri induced by heterologous sperm was demonstrated.

Abstract:Structure and function of the gonopod in mud crab, Scylla serrata, were studied with electron microscope techniques from June 2000 to December 2002. The ejaculatory duct of Scylla serrata opens on the coxae or sternum of eighth segment by short muscular penis. The first gonopod consists of a basal protopodite and an elongated endopodite, in which the cuticle folded the entire length of a tube which functions as an ejaculatory canal. The second pleopod fits into this cuticular fold,while the penis fits into a slit on the lateral side at the base of the endopodite. During coitus, seminal fluid is ejected by muscular action through the penis into the ejaculatory canal of the first pleopod. The ejaculate is further pushed down the canal by the pumping and inner folds and form the lateral slot. Several types of setae are quite conspicuous on the first and second gonopod. There are also some long processes and setae on the lateral slot. Pinnate setae are present on the medial and lateral margins of the basal part of the endodite and the protopodite. The pinnate setae are inserted via a characteristic annular insertion.

Abstract:通过海上捕获灰鲳亲体进行人工授精,对东海灰鲳的胚胎发育和仔鱼形态进行了连续观察,详细地描述了东海灰鲳胚胎和仔鱼发育各期的形态特征。结果表明：东海灰鲳受精卵为圆球形,透明,油球1个,位于卵中央,卵径范围在1.150-1.315 mm之间,平均卵径1.260 mm,油球径范围在0.368-0.395 mm,平均油球径0.374 mm。在水温在28-29℃,盐度28时,孵化时间约为24 h;初孵仔鱼,肌节约33对,全长2.785 mm。孵出后2 d就开口,3 d卵黄囊完全消失,5 d油球完全消失。2 d胸鳍张开,10 d尾脊上翘。

Abstract:The tryosinase activity and the concentration of carotenoids and luteins in blood serum,skin and squama of seven freshwater fishes,such as Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Carassius auratus auratus,Megalobrama amblycephala,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Monopterus albus,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Ictalurus punctatus,were determined in order to discover the differences among species and the different parts of the same fish.The results showed that the tryosinase exists in blood serum,skin and squama.The concentration of carotenoids and luteins in skin and squama also have remarkable difference among different species.Concentration of carotenoids and luteins in backside and belly skin of Monopterus albus and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were higher than other species(P<0.05).Concentration of carotenoids and luteins in skin and serum of ctenopharyngodon idellus,carassius auratus auratus and megalobrama amblycephala were also high.Concentration of carotenoids and luteins in backside skin were higher than that in belly skin for the same kind of fish.From this experiment,we know that melanin and carotenoids both have effect on the skin colour of fish.The depth of yellowness has a direct connection with the concentration of carotenoids and luteins;Besides,the depth of blackness also has a direct connection with the tryosinase activity.

Abstract:The metabolic level and growth rate of juvenile rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) under four dissolved oxygen concentration(7.05 mg/L,8.82 mg/L of 100% saturation,11.84 mg/L and 15.80 mg/L,respectively)were investigated.The fish(mean initial body lenth 13.0-18.5 cm) was reared in closed recirculated water for 30 days.The results showed the rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion reduced obviously in fish experiening hypoxia condition(7.05 mg/L).At hyperoxic conditions(11.84 and 15.80 mg/L),the rates of oxygen consumption increased significantly,and the rates of ammonia excretion were much higher at hyperoxic(15.80 mg/L) conditions compared to 8.82 mg/L normoxic saturations.In addition,there were actual changes in growth indexes that the growth gain rate,special growth rate and food conversion efficiency showed a clear enhancing tendency,with the increase of dissolved oxygen.

Abstract:Residual feed and faeces were calculated according to the research on feeding rate and faeces rate of Japanese sea peach Lateo labrax japonicus cultured in the net cages in Xiangshan Bay.The result showed that the average feeding rate of Japanese sea peach was 2.6%(wet weight) or 0.6%(dry weight).The wet food scattered in the net cages was 143 335.5 tons a year,392.7 tons a day.The food(dry weight) that was scattered in the net cages was 31 045.5 tons a year,85 tons a day.The average excreting rate of sea peach(as dry particle organic carbon) was 6.5%.The calculated faeces quantity(dry weight) of the fish cultured in the net cages in Xiangshan Bay was 7.5 tons a day,2 737.5 tons a year.Average feed utility of Japanese sea perch was 71.8%.The wet residual feed was 43 252.5 tons a year,118.5 tons a day.The dry residual feed was 9 548.4 tons a year,26.16 tons a day.That showed the residual feed and faeces seriously polluted the quality of bottom and water in Xiangshan Bay.

Abstract:测定和比较了土池培育的褶皱臂尾轮虫（Brachionus plicatilis,简称轮虫）、背刺胸刺水蚤（Centropages dorsispinatus,简称桡足类）、日本新糠虾（Neomysis joponica,简称糠虾）和渤海品系卤虫（Artemia sp.）无节幼体（简称卤幼）的水分、总脂、磷脂及脂肪酸组成。结果表明：（1）轮虫的水分含量显著高于其它3种生物饵料（P〈0.05）,卤幼的总脂/湿重、总脂/干重和磷脂/干重含量最高,轮虫的总脂含量最低（P〈0.05）,桡足类和糠虾的总脂及磷脂含量则介于两者之间。（2）4种生物饵料的脂肪酸组成差异显著（P〈0.05）,无论是中性脂还是极性脂,桡足类的DHA含量最高,糠虾和轮虫次之,卤幼最低（P〈0.05）;糠虾体内的EPA含量最高,卤幼次之,轮虫和桡足类的EPA含量显著低于前两者（P〈0.05）。（3）4种生物饵料中的∑HUFA的含量由高到低依次为糠虾〉桡足类〉轮虫〉卤幼,DHA/EPA值大小依次为桡足类〉轮虫〉糠虾〉卤幼。

Abstract:A total of 1983 fish individuals, representing 23 species from 18 genuses 9 families, were collected auratus and Ctenogobius giurinus, accounting for 40. 09%, 20. 52% and 10. 29% of total samples respectively. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Aristichthys nobilis were the main economic species, whose fry come from aquaculture. Diversities of fish were represented by species abundance, average abundance, diversity index, evenness index, dominant index and relative rare species. Current diversity index was 1. 899 6, 49 % lower than that in 1959. Evenness index showed a decreasing tendency. The dominant index had increased from 0. 034 in 1959 to 0. 226 4. The fish species diversity has been declining, which may be attributed to the deterioration of habitat environment and effect of human activity such as overfishing.

Abstract:The experiments on fishing technology of Dosidicus gigas were made by Chinese squid jigging boats during April and June of 2006 in the high seas off Chile.The results showed that the catch mainly comes from the hand jigging which accounts for about 98 percent of the total.The hook-off rate of eightangle hand jigger is from 6.5 to 19.5 percent,and the average is 13.2 percent.The average hook-off rate of hand-jigger in the low and the stern is higher than that in the middle-part of the boat.The hook-off rate of machine-jigger is from 20.7 to 46.2 percent,and the average is 32.9 percent.The experiment showed that the squid,Dosidicus gigas,has the selectivity to the color of jigger,and the highest fishing rate belongs to the fluorescent jigger, the next is the green jigger,and the lowest fishing rate comes from the orange jigger.When the gathering-fish metal halide lamp(180 lamps,2kW per lamp) is used,the fishing catch of eight-angle hand jigger is 0.5 times higher than the four-angle jigger,but when the high pressure sodium lamp(30 lamps,500W per lamp) is used during the local time 02:00 to 03:30,the fishing catch of fourangle jigger is 0.35 times higher than that of eight-angle jigger.

Abstract:It is very important to determine the protonation constants of tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives for studying their colorful performance. The over-all protonation constants of two tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The influence of electron effect and steric hindrance of substituting group on overall protonation constants was discussed. With chromophore introduced, it is expected to enhance the selectivity of tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives reagents.

Abstract:Firstly,the author points out the essence of recreational fishery from experiencing economy point of view. Recreational fishery is a fisheries economics, which deals with the property of aquacuhures, bodies of water and fishing gears, with the stage of fisheries service and culture, with the products to provide recreational fishery experiencing. Secondly, based on the developmental status of recreational fishery in China, the author puts forward the new way to promote the Chinese recreational fishery. For example, with overall image position and rational planning to carry out the scientific concept of development, with fisheries culture to integrate the resources, with recreational fishery to combine structural adjustment, with different forms of recreational fishery operation to design experiencing, with experiencing economy to elect the marketing promotion strategy.

Abstract:Shellfish aquaculture has been plagued with clam disease in China. This has collapse of ecosystem balance. From the point of ecology, this study summarized the conception of carrying capacity, compared those conception differences. This paper also models of carrying capacity, particularized the way of establishing and calculating those been used worldwide. Furthermore the study evaluated the different models.

Abstract:The EU fisheries laws are classified into three types: primary law,secondary law,and case law;the secondary laws may further be categorized into three groups: Regulations,Decisions and Directives.The Common Fisheries Policy(CFP) of the EU includes a body of rules and mechanisms covering the exploitation and conservation of fishery resources,structural policy and fleet management,common market of fish and fish products,fisheries relations with the third countries,enforcement of fisheries law,aquaculture etc.The CFP plays a very positive role in building a closer Europe,promoting the economy in fishing communities,improving the living standard of fishers and fish-farmers,standardizing fish products,protecting the consumers' health and environment,enhancing the competitive ability of fisheries industry etc.However,it does not function very effectively in protecting fishery resources.The reason is that protecting fishery resources is not the only objective of fisheries management.Designers and decision-makers of the CFP also have to pay attention to economic efficiency of fisheries industry,employment,supply and demand of fish and fish products,international relations etc.

Abstract:对我国主要养殖的尼罗、奥利亚、莫桑比克、杂交种尼奥（尼罗♀×奥利亚♂）和红罗非鱼（莫桑比克×尼罗）的线粒体16S rRNA部分序列进行了PCR扩增和测序分析,探讨罗非鱼种间亲缘关系和种类鉴别标记。PCR产物经直接测序,5种罗非鱼中大部分个体均获得长546 bp的基因序列。其碱基组成GC含量为47.4%。序列比对分析显示变异位点18个,没有插入/缺失位点,转换/颠换比率为2.7。序列分析表明,红和奥利亚各有2个单倍型,尼奥、莫桑比克与尼罗各有1个单倍型。其中,尼奥与尼罗的单倍型序列相同,莫桑比克与红罗非鱼的1个单倍型序列相同。表明部分红罗非鱼的母本为莫桑比克。UPGMA聚类分析表明,尼奥与尼罗聚成一支、红罗非鱼与莫桑比克成一支、奥利亚独成一支。

Abstract:红霉素-N-脱甲基酶（ERND）是细胞色素P450 3A（CYP3A）依赖的酶类,可通过测定该酶催化代谢产物甲醛的量来反映其活性,从而评价CYP3A活性的高低。以草鱼肝细胞系（GCL）为模型,红霉素为底物,采用Nash比色法检测ERND产物甲醛含量,Lowry比色法测定细胞蛋白含量,建立鱼类细胞中CYP3A活性的简便检测方法。研究表明,底物以0.4 mmol/L作用60 m in后进行检测较为合适。细胞样品中ERND产物甲醛平均回收率为78.80%±4.37%,平均日内精密度为2.80%±1.40%,平均日间精密度为3.91%±1.45%,通过计算探针酶ERND活性可为鱼类细胞CYP3A活性的评价提供简便可靠的方法,从而为鱼类药物代谢酶体外诱导模型的研究奠定了基础。

Abstract:对采自长江口九段沙湿地的雌性和雄性中华绒螯蟹身体肌肉、肝胰腺和性腺中重金属和有机氯农药的含量分布进行了研究。结果表明,雌蟹肝胰腺和性腺对Pb、Cd、Cr、As的富集能力较强,而雄蟹肝胰腺对Cd、As的富集能力较强。DDTs和BHCs的个体富集能力性别差异不明显,但是表现出肝胰腺〉性腺≥肌肉的器官分布差异。BHCs中β-BHC的异常高值和α-BHC与γ-BHC的比值小于3,说明中华绒螯蟹体内的BHCs具有较长的环境存留时间,并可能有林丹的新近输入。（DDE＋DDD）/DDT的比值远大于1,说明该地区中华绒鳌蟹洄游和生活的水体环境中没有新的DDTs污染源。

Abstract:实验研究了环境温湿度对内藏机组的立式敞开式冷藏陈列柜制冷系统运行性能的影响。实验测试表明,环境温度每升高1℃,柜制冷系统的冷凝温度将上升1.2℃,蒸发温度将上升0.7℃,机组功率消耗将增加2%;同样,环境相对湿度每升高10%,制冷系统的冷凝温度将上升0.9℃,蒸发温度将上升1.3℃,机组功率消耗将增加2.25%。当环境温湿度从25℃、40%上升到30℃、90%时,系统冷凝温度升高11.0℃,蒸发温度升高10.1℃,机组功率消耗增加21%。因而,维持较低的温湿度环境工况,可使柜运行性能稳定,并使机组功率消耗减少,达到节能的目的。

Abstract:Measurement and monitoring of fermentation parameter is a very important way for obtaining the information of fermentation process, and also is the basis of optimal control. But, until now, most bioinformation is obtained offline, and the bio-information can not be used for control system on-line. In this paper, an on-line measurement system is developed based on the image processing technique. The developed system includes circulation and control part of solution, optical measurement part of solution, image catch and process part, computer and the software programme. The developed measurement system is compared with an existing spectrometer. The experiment results proved the proposed method and system can be used in on-line measurement system for development of other analytical instruments.