Abstract:Thirty wild individuals of tench,Tinca tinca of Xinjiang population of China and thirty individuals of tench of Czech population,which were introduced into China in 1999,were collected in 2002.The isozymes of ADH,IDH,LDH,SDH,SOD,EST,MDH,ME,6PGDH,G3PDH and Muscle protein in their livers,muscles and other tissues were analyzed by using polyacrylamidae gel electroporesis.The loci of EST-2,SOD,ADH and IDH in Xinjiang population and loci of EST-1,ADH and IDH in Czech population were found to be polymorphic.The percentages of polymorphic loci of Xinjiang population and Czech population were 28.57% and 21.43% respectively,the mean heterozygosity were 0.0619 and 0.0357 respectively.It was found that there were some losses of heterozygosity in Czech population.Therefore,from the view of the genetic conservations,it was suggested that it should be forbidden to extend culture of tench of Czech population in Xinjiang Eltrix River basin.

Abstract:

Abstract:Random amplified polymorphic DNA method was used to investigate the genetic diversity of Anguilla japonica including five samplings collected from 4 locations,totally 92 individuals(10 premature adult eels,82 glass eels) in 2005 from the Yangtze River Estuary.51 RAPD primers were synthesized and 16 primers were selected and used.A total of 132 loci were amplified,of which 114 loci(86.36%) were polymorphic.Average heterozygosity(Hc) and genetic diversity index(Ho) of five samplings by Shannon index varied form 0.205 3 to 0.315 0,and 0.297 4 to 0.452 6 respectively.Fixation Index FST between two samplings varied from 0.050 8 to 0.152 4.Partition of total genetic variation indicated that 79.12% was contributed within populations and 20.82% among samplings.The Nei's genetic distances of five samplings varied form 0.059 3 to 0.142 5.There is no significant relationship between the genetic variation of samplings of glass eel and the sampling time or the sampling area.It indicates the all studied glass eels might be originated from one big complex population.But the results from genetic distance,Fixation Index FSt and NJ tree all showed,a rather high difference in genetic distance and genetic diversity could be exist between the premature adult eels and glass eels.

Abstract:利用石蜡包埋连续切片技术,通过对1～40日龄(鱼免)鱼仔稚鱼消化系统组织学发育的观察,探讨了(鱼免)鱼仔稚鱼期不同发育阶段的消化器官组织学结构变化及卵黄囊的吸收机制.在水温为17.3～24.9 ℃的条件下,初孵仔鱼消化管仅为一细长的线状管,位于卵黄囊上方.3日龄仔鱼消化管基本上贯通,变长,肝脏、胰脏出现.4日龄仔鱼卵黄囊完全被吸收,消化管完全贯通,开始摄食.消化管明显分化成食管、胃、肠,此时开始进入外源型营养阶段.9日龄仔鱼,粘膜层出现胃小凹及粘膜褶皱.25日龄仔鱼,胃腺出现,粘膜褶皱增多.28日龄仔鱼,消化系统从结构和功能上趋于完善.本文分析了(鱼免)鱼仔稚鱼消化系统的早期发育特点与摄食、营养方式的关系,并比较了鱼类肝脏、胰脏的组织学发育特点.

Abstract:利用石蜡包埋连续切片技术，通过对1～40日龄鮸鱼仔稚鱼消化系统组织学发育的观察，探讨了鮸鱼仔稚鱼期不同发育阶段的消化器官组织学结构变化及卵黄囊的吸收机制。在水温为17．3～24．9℃的条件下，初孵仔鱼消化管仅为一细长的线状管，位于卵黄囊上方。3日龄仔鱼消化管基本上贯通，变长，肝脏、胰脏出现。4日龄仔鱼卵黄囊完全被吸收，消化管完全贯通，开始摄食。消化管明显分化成食管、胃、肠，此时开始进入外源型营养阶段。9日龄仔鱼，粘膜层出现胃小凹及粘膜褶皱。25日龄仔鱼，胃腺出现，粘膜褶皱增多。28日龄仔鱼，消化系统从结构和功能上趋于完善。本文分析了鮸鱼仔稚鱼消化系统的早期发育特点与摄食、营养方式的关系．并比较了鱼类肝脏、胰脏的组织学发育特点。

Abstract:对三角帆蚌胚胎在其外鳃育儿囊内的形态变化进行了显微观察。结果表明：在水温20℃-23℃时，受精卵发育为膜内钩介幼虫需11d；受精卵吸水后，卵膜膨胀，在整个发育过程中，其大小无显著变化，但膜内胚胎生长明显；整个发育期分为受精卵、卵裂期、原肠期、膜内钩介幼虫期，经过这4个时期，胚胎最大长度增长了82．8％，生长速度在后期快于前期，并且以原肠期和膜内勾介幼虫期增长速度最快。胚胎发育的不同时期与外鳃特征具相关性。

Abstract:Experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of feeding frequency on feeding rate,specific growth rate,food efficiency and protease activities in a native fish,Pelteobagrus vachelli.Five groups of the juveniles were fed to satiation including: one meal in two days,one meal per day,tow meals per day,three meals per day or four meals per day for 60 days,and the fish were sampled every 20 days.The results showed that from the 21st to 60th day,as feeding frequency increasing,the feeding rate and special growth rate increased significantly(P<0.05);and the fish fed with three meals per day showed higher food efficiency than the fish fed with one meal in two days(P<0.05);but the rests were not significantly different with each other(P>0.05).On the other hand,as feeding frequency decreased,stomach and gut protease activities increased significantly(P<0.05).The present study suggested that the feeding rate of three meals per day is profitable for intensive culture of Pelteobagrus vachelli.

Abstract:选取同一种饵料设置7个投饵率水平（分别为体重的1．0％、1．5％、2．0％、2．5％、3．0％、3．5％、4．0％），采用静水连续充气养殖系统，在盐度为26．0～27．5、温度为27．8～26．5℃的条件下对黑鲷（Sparus macrocephalus）成鱼和黑鲷鱼种进行为期40d的生长实验。结果表明：（1）黑鲷成鱼和鱼种的相对增重率、特定生长率、饲料转化率的变化趋势基本相同，即随着投饵率的增加，黑鲷的饲料转化率逐渐下降，相对增重率先升高后下降。但是在各指标的变化幅度上，黑鲷鱼种远大于黑鲷成鱼。（2）黑鲷成鱼和鱼种的水分含量随投饵率的增高而下降，脂肪含量随投饵率的升高而增加。（3）适宜投饵率随着黑鲷体重的增加而降低，黑鲷鱼种的适宜投饵率为其体重的3．0％，黑鲷成鱼的适宜投饵率为其体重的2．5％

Abstract:对中华绒螯蟹血淋巴的血清、血浆和血细胞裂解上清液（HLS）中酚氧化酶（PO）的活力以及该酶最适pH和温度进行了测定分析，结果表明在血清和HIS中都有PO活力，而血浆中无PO的存在，血清中的PO来自于血细胞；以L—Dopa为底物，中华绒螯蟹PO活力的最适pH值为6．5，最适温度为40℃。采用SDS、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋以及SDS与Ca^2＋联合和SDS与Mg^2＋联合分别对酚氧化酶原（proPO）进行激活试验，血清和HLS中的PO活力都有显著的增加，其中SDS的激活作用最强，Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋的激活作用最弱，SDS与Ca^2＋联合和SDS与Mg^2＋联合的混合激活作用介于SDS和Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋之间，激活试验表明中华绒螯蟹的PO主要以酚氧化酶原（proPO）形式存在于血细胞中。

Abstract:Haemocyte characterization of Chlamys farreri was assayed in this study after injection of the spherical virus isolated from the infectious tissues of the scallop collected in the period of massive death in Jiaozhou Bay. At 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 128 h after injection with spherical virus, population proportion and mortality of haemocytes from C. farreri were assayed by flow cytometry, and effect of virus on haemocyte functions, including phagocytosis and encapsulation in vitro, was studied by fluorescence microscope. The result showed there was significant difference between subpopulation proportion of experimental groups and control. After infection with virus, the hyalinocyte proportion of haemocytes of experimental groups was significantly higher than that of control groups at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. But the big granulocyte proportion was significantly lower than that of control at 8 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Mortality of haemocytes of experimental groups was significantly higher than that of control at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 128 h. The phagocytosis and encapsulation rate of haemocytes of experimental groups was significantly higher than that of control.

Abstract:The important organelles protein(mitochondria and microsome),cytochromes P450 of drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as aspartate transaminase(AST)and alanine transaminase(ALT) in serum of important liver functional indices were comparatively analyzed by Lowry protein measure,CO difference spectrum and colorimetric method to explore the difference of liver functional indices between largemouth bass and mice from different evolution status.Results showed that the level of mitochondria protein,cytochromes P450 as well as ALT in largemouth bass liver were significantly lower compared to mice.The level of microsome protein and AST in largemouth bass and mice liver were not significantly different.These data suggest that liver functional indices of largemouth bass and mice from different evolution status are significantly different,the functions of liver are closely correlated with the content of cytochromes P450 as well as ALT in liver.

Abstract:By investigating water quality of Gehu Lake from Apr. 2004 to Apr. 2005, an analysis is made to development trends of parameters such as diaphaneity, pH, DO, BOD, CODMn, TIN and TP. Eutrophication evaluation was carried out by calculating eutrophication status index of Gehu Lake and contrasting with eutrophication status in twenty years. The results arrived as DO in summer is 3.98 mg/L, BOD average is 4.98 mg/L over the year, CODM, average is 4.59 nag/L, TIN average is 1.37 mg/L and TP average is 0.209 mg/L. Getting rid of the later-mesotrophy stage in south, the eutrophication status of Gehu Lake is eutrophy stage. And the grade weakens gradually from north to south. It is the primary reason of eutrophication that the content of phosphorus and nitrogen in the water body has risen evidently. Water quality of upriver deteriorates and the dense aquatic culture causes pollution, and environmental functions have been damaged and nutrition has accumulated.

Abstract:为配合2005年辽东湾渔场海蜇人工增殖放流项目，笔者对人工放流过程中，海蜇幼体由于从育苗室人海而引起的温盐环境突变以及在长途运输过程中引起的死亡率进行实验研究，其死亡率直接影响到海蜇的回捕率，进而对辽东湾渔场海蜇的资源量造成影响。实验中发现，在超出海蜇生存最佳盐度范围（20～30），海蜇在高温（30℃、35℃）条件下，较高盐度组（35、40）较较低盐度组（15、20）的海蜇幼体的生存状态好、成活率高。同时，在低温（10℃、15℃）条件下，较低盐度组（15、20）较较高盐度组（35、40）的海蜇幼体的生存状态好、成活率高。

Abstract:根据2004年7月-11月西北太平洋秋刀鱼探捕调查的生物学数据，通过统计回归方法分析了秋刀鱼的性腺成熟度，摄食等级，性比，叉长分布，又长和体重、净重关系。结果为：性成熟度为Ⅱ期的占52．96％；摄食等级主要为2级和3级，占72．91％；性比接近1：1；体长范围为186～340mm，优势体长组为220～280mm；雌性的又长略大于雄性；群体可能属于两个不同群体，生长参数大于3。

Abstract:In this paper,we collected data of Pseudosciaena crocea in the breeding farm of Nanji Island Development Co.,Ltd.-Pingyang Zhejiang in Nanji Island from March 19,2005 to May 22,2005.The experimental pond was separated into 4 areas according to the distance from the light source.By 5 kinds of lights(5 colors: green,white,red,yellow,blue;5 kinds of illumination intensities: 100 lx,200 lx,300 lx,400 lx,500 lx) and 7 kinds of nets(black,blue,green,orange,white,bluish green,red) to stimulate Pseudosciaena crocea,their reactions were observed.The results showed that:(1) The reactions to the differences among 7 kinds of nets were highly significant(P<0.01).The percentage of Pseudosciaena crocea swimming through blue and green nets were 64.97%,52.68%,respectively,which was higher than other nets.(2) In the experiment of lights,5 kinds of colors were not significantly different(P>0.05) to the distribution of Pseudosciaena crocea.The 4 areas were significantly different(P<0.01) to the distribution of Pseudosciaena crocea.The differences between Pseudosciaena crocea's trend to higher illumination intensities area(0.5-500 lx) and trend to lower illumination intensities area(0-0.5 lx) was significant(P<0.05).In the higher illumination intensities area,the Pseudosciaena crocea had positive tendency to 300 lx of blue light and 200 lx of green light.

Abstract:According to the statistics and the surveys of the income of Chinese fisher folks,the income status of Chinese fisher folks is analyzed in the paper.The statistical data analysis shows that: 1) As a whole in China,the per capita net income average of Fisher Households is higher than that of Rural Households,but much lower than the per capita disposable income of Urban Households;2) recently,specially after 2000,the per capita net income of Fisher Households showed a year-by-year downtrend on the rate of increase,and was dropping in some regions;3) the per capita net income of Fisher Households in coastal regions is higher than that in inland regions,and is quite different from each other.The surveys results show that: 1) in some coastal fishing regions,the per capita net income of Fisher Households was falling to be lower than the per capita net income of Rural Households;some fisher folks were living in need,and run into debt;2) the fishers in coastal developed regions live in dire need caused by high living expenditure;3) the income of fishers in inland fishing regions is low;fisher folks were living in need.Reasons for above mentioned status of the income of fishers are: fish stocks declining,fishing ground reducing,fishing cost rising,and backward means of fishing operation.

Abstract:Crab is one of the important commercial crustaceans and plays an important role in the marine ecological system as well. Its exploitation and utilization have been recognized in the world. In this paper, the current studies about the fecundity and ovary development of crab have been discussed from study methods, affecting factors and applications. Results showed that the fecundities were different in different species, and related to latitude. The development of ovary was exogenous factors, neural incretion and environment. controlled by a complex interaction of endogenous and Hormones and neurotransmitters control the maturation of the ovary. Temperature, salinity, nutrition, and photoperiod also affect the maturation of the ovary. Weighting and slicing were the traditional and main ways to study the fecundity and ovary, respectively. Volume and dissection are potential ways to do fecundity researches. Results also showed that studies of ovary development should be combined with basic biology of crab, especially physiology, life history and behavior.

Abstract:This article introduces the history of fish drugs,fish drugs use principle and the construction of the management mechanism for safety in fish drugs usage. It was noticed that some problems existed in present fish drugs usage, and some suggestions were put forward in the article in this aspect. The research on fish drugs usage was developed along with the investigation of fishery disease and pathogeny. Before 1980, the investigation of fish drugs laid particular stress on application, for example, selection of drugs, efficiency concentration, safety concentration, usage methods and range of usage. At the end of 1980, there was commodity of fish drugs developed in the market, for example Yufukang A and Yufukang B, along with research work in fish bacteria disease. It was discussed that the management mechanism for safety in fish drugs usage should be established in China, which will include the administrate system, usage standard system, the technical supporting system, the examination system, safety evaluation system and residue monitoring and control system.

Abstract:The genetic fingerprinting of the introduced stock of Sarotherodon melanotheron in China was analyzed using AFLP technique. A total of 247 fragments were detected in the 25 samples using eight primer pairs, the number of fragments produced by each pair of primers were 27 -34, the average fragments was 30.9, the average polymorphic loci of this stock were 16.6%. 25 genotypes were found with each sample owning one genotype. The genetic similarities of the introduced stock of S. melanotheron varied form 0.925 to 0. 995. These results could be served as genetic base for its management and conversation.

Abstract:The biomass variation compared to background investigation,fisheries species diversity and composition of economic species between artificial reef(ARs) site and reference site were analysied based on the data from 5 surveys carried out in 2004 and 2005 respectively.Preliminary evaluation on artificial reef project in its No.1 step in Shengsi shows that:(1) After the deployment of ARs in reef area,its resources enhanced gradually by 75% in average while reference site came out in a opposite variation by 36% in average;(2)The species diversity of fishery resources remains almost the same between ARs site and reference site before AR were set,but increased gradually after ARs were deployed.During the other 3 surveys,the diversity indexes of ARs site have exceeded those in reference site by 25% in each season;(3) In the same season,the number of economic species remains about 10 before and after construction of ARs in reference site,while in ARs site,the situation is quite different,it increased a lot,even became 2 times as many as in reference site.It is concluded from those results that the fishery productivity in ARs site has improved a lot compared to reference site in the same time,and community structural has been improved too.The economic and ecological effects of artificial reef have been proved to be good in its preliminary step.