Abstract:

Abstract:The molecular genetic variation of blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala) with different ploidy levels was investigated using 4 pairs of microsatellite primers.The results showed that:(1)In 4 primers,only 2 primers were effective,and 4-6 alleles were detected by each primer,and the size of alleles ranged from 131 bp to 307 bp.Meanwhile,two alleles(MFW19-175 and MFW19-256) were found as specific microsatellite DNA markers to distinguish allo-3n from the other four populations.(2)Shannon's diversity index,Nei's gene diversity index and the average genetic distance within each population were 0.056 2-0.288 7,0.031 5-0.196 9 and 0.039 5-0.154 2 respectively,which was a good indication of high genetic variation in five populations of blunt snout bream with different ploidy levels.(3)Both Shannon's diversity index and Nei's gene diversity index from Negative 3n hybrid,Allo-3n,Positive 3n hybrid and Auto-4n-F1 were significantly higher than those of 2n population(P<0.05).(4)Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) and cluster analysis indicated that there was significant divergence among five populations of blunt snout bream with different ploidy levels.The phylogenetic tree has two independent evolutionary branches.Negative 3n hybrid,Allo-3n,Positive 3n hybrid and Auto-4n-F1 shared a common group,while 2n was another independent evolutionary branch.

Abstract:Divergent primers were designed for HSP amplification according to the sequence in Genbank(EMB: AF506290).After PCR and sequencing,it was showed that the HSP gene sequence of P.crocea was about 1.7 kb in length.According to the phylogenic tree,the tree consisted of some distinct branches,which were constructed by HSP of different species,and animals belonged to the same branch.And P.crocea shared highest homology with Venous leaves(African clawed frog),which confirmed the hypothesis that the Amphibian was subsequent to the Pisces in the evolutionary lineage partially.And the construction work in this paper could lay a basis for subsequent work of nucleotide probe preparation,clone and selection of some kinds of fine functional genes for culture,construction of P.crocea cDNA library,and was of great meaning for the development for the culture of P.crocea.

Abstract:采用完全双列杂交配组方法和加性一显性遗传模型，在水泥池和网箱两种不同放养密度的养殖环境中，对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreoehromis niloticus）、奥利亚罗非鱼（O．aureus）及这两种罗非鱼的正、反杂交后代，从与生长相关的体重、全长、体长、体高、体宽及肥满系数共6项性状，分析基因型×环境互作遗传效应，并进行性状间的相关分析。结果表明：（1）4种罗非鱼的体重性状主要受加性遗传效应控制；全长、体长、体宽三个性状主要受显性基因效应控制，通过杂交可发挥这些性状的育种潜力，早代选择可获得较好的育种效果。（2）奥利亚罗非鱼在两种环境中各性状的显性×环境互作效应都表现为负向，尼罗罗非鱼生长性状的基因型×环境互作效应较为复杂，尼奥杂交鱼需要在合适的环境中才能得到更好的生长表现。（3）除肥满系数与其它各性状间相关关系较小之外，体重、全长、体长、体高、体宽5个性状相互之间的表型相关在0．893～0．981，而遗传相关在0．904～0．993之间，表明这5个性状相互极显著正相关。

Abstract:研究了在水温为28℃，盐度为5．5的条件下，凡纳滨对虾瞬时耗氧速率和体长及溶解氧水平的关系。共测定了6种不同体长（1．36～10．84cm）凡纳滨对虾的瞬时耗氧速率。结果表明，凡纳滨对虾的瞬时耗氧速率V随时间的增加而降低，两者之间存有良好的线性相关，呼吸类型属于顺应型；V随水环境中溶解氧含量DO升高而增加，V与DO之间呈良好的线性相关；V随虾体长的增长而降低，两者之间也具有良好的线性关系。

Abstract:Two isonitrogenous and isocaloric soybean meal basal diet and fish meal plus soybean meal diet were formulated as control diets.The soybean meal basal diet was supplemented with different levels of calcium salt of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid(MHA-Ca)at 0.045%,0.090%,0.135%,and 0.180%,respectively.After eight weeks feeding,weight gain,length gain,feed conversion rate,and protein efficiency ratio of common carp were determined.Moisture,crude protein,crude lipid,and crude ash in white muscles of common carp were measured.The weight gain,length gain,and protein efficiency ratio of carps fed 0.135% MHA-Ca diet were significantly higher than those of fed soybean meal basal diets(P<0.05),but were not different from those fed fish meal diet.Feed efficiency(feed:gain ratio) of the 0.135% MHA-Ca group was significant lower than the soybean meal control group(P<0.01),and not different from the fish meal group (P>0.05).Compared to the soybean meal basal diet,diet supplemented with 0.090% and 0.135% MHA-Ca resulted in significant higher protein content in the white muscle(P<0.05),but it was not different from the fish meal diet(P>0.05).Dietary supplementation with different levels of MHA-Ca had no significant effect on the moisture, fat,and ash content in the white muscles of common carp relative to the soybean meal basal diet or fish meal diet(P>0.05).

Abstract:选用体长（10．16±0．14）cm，体重（21．20±0．24）g的草鱼种630尾，随机分为7个试验组，每组设置3个重复，每个重复30尾草鱼。在纯化饲料中添加0、0．15、0．3、0．6、1．2、2．4、4．8mg,／kg的硒，以0mg,／kg添加组为对照组，进行为期84d的生长试验以研究饲料不同硒水平对草鱼生长、营养组成和消化酶活性的影响。结果表明：饲料中添加硒能促进草鱼的生长，提高饲料效率，提高体蛋白含量，降低脂肪含量，提高草鱼消化酶活性。饲料硒对草鱼脂肪酶活性的影响最为显著（P〈0．05）。当硒添加量为0．6mg／kg时，草鱼的特定生长率、增重率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率和饲料蛋白沉积效率为最大值，与对照组相比，其特定生长率和饲料效率分别提高了28．37％和38．30％；草鱼鱼体蛋白含量最高，脂肪含量最低；草鱼的肝胰脏和肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶以及脂肪酶活性均达最大值，其中肝胰脏和肠道脂肪酶活性分别比对照组提高了205．55％和249．33％。上述研究表明饲料中适量添加硒能提高消化酶活性，改善草鱼品质，促进生长。

Abstract:水温22～24℃时，鲇仔鱼3日龄开口摄食，初次摄食率为18％，最高初次摄食率出现在5日龄，达100％；鲇仔鱼个体发育过程中存在混合营养期，正常摄食时，混合营养期为2d，完全饥饿状态下，仔鱼的卵黄囊至4日龄即完全消失；7～8日龄，鲇仔鱼如不能建立外源性营养，将很快进入饥饿不可逆（PNR）点；随延迟投饵天数的增加，仔鱼成活率明显降低，延迟6d投饵，11日龄仔鱼全部死亡；完全饥饿组仔鱼，至10日龄全部死亡；仔鱼全长和湿重的增长率随延迟投饵天数的增加而下降，完全饥饿条件下，1日龄至6日龄仔鱼全长呈正增长，随后转为负增长；1日龄至4日龄仔鱼湿重呈正增长，随后转为负增长。

Abstract:从小球藻中提取蛋白质，并研究了小球藻蛋白质抗氧化特性。通过反复冻融、细胞破碎、离心、盐析和凝胶层析，从小球藻中得到两种蛋白质（ProⅠ和ProⅡ／），获得率分别为0．280％和0．664％。经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示为单条带，分子量分别为20．2ku和20．4ku。紫外可见光谱显示，ProⅠ在280nm有一特征吸收峰，ProⅠ／在280nm和675nm处各有一特征吸收峰。体外设计清除超氧阴离子自由基（O2^-·）和羟自由基（·OH）实验，结果显示两种蛋白质能清除超氧阴离子自由基，黑暗条件下能清除羟自由基，但光照条件下生成羟自由基。

Abstract:对紫菜多糖提取液中的杂蛋白质去除方法和条件优化进行了研究。采用Sevag法与三氯乙酸（TCA）法去除紫菜多糖中的游离蛋白质，分别研究了不同溶剂体积比、用量、处理温度和时间等主要因子对蛋白质去除的影响。结果表明，Sevag法最佳脱蛋白条件为氯仿：正丁醇=3：1，样品：氯仿-正丁醇=3：1，振荡时间为30min；三氯乙酸法（TCA法）最佳脱蛋白条件为反应温度80℃、三氯乙酸用量4％、反应时间30min。两种脱蛋白方法比较发现：三氯乙酸法去除蛋白质质的效果优于Sevag法。

Abstract:Haematological biochemistry indices of Acipenser schrenckii cultured at different salinities(0,10,20,25,28) for 20 days respectively were measured.The results showed that the values of total protein(TP) increased first and then declined with the growth of the salinities.The values of T-BIL increased gradually with the addition of the salinities.The varieties of TRIG was consistent with that of the TP,the values of cholesterin(CHOL) had no significant variations with the increase of the salinities,and high density lipoprotein cholesterin(HDL-C) first decreased slowly then increased slightly with the enhancement of the salinities,and the values of blood glucose(G) first reduced then increased with the growth of the salinities.The values of CREA increased first and then declined,The values of BUN increased first and then declined.With the growth of the salinities,the values of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) declined gradually,and the values of amylase(AMY) first dropped then rose,and the values of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) first increased,then dropped and added in the end,which was similar to the varieties of the alanine aminotransferase(ALT).Na+ concentration first increased,then declined and kept stable finally,which was similar to the changes of Cl-and P,and K+ concentration first increased and then decreased,yet Ca2+ concentration had no significant changes.By analysing the haematological biochemistry indices after salinities domestication,Amur sturgeon possessed better osmoregulation abilities and could live in the 28 salt water after domestication.

Abstract:在室内实验条件下，研究了温度、体重和饵料密度对河蚬滤食率和同化率的影响，此外还进行了饵料质量（POM／TPM）对河蚬同化率影响的实验。实验结果表明，在实验温度（10～30℃）条件下，河蚬的滤食率（IR）与河蚬软体部干重（W）呈明显正相关幂指数关系：IR=aW^b，其中b值的范围是0．4227～0．5888，平均值为0．4842，温度的上升使得河蚬的滤食率明显增大，除温度对小规格[体重为（0．0764±0．0038）g]的同化率有显著影响外，温度和体重对同化率的影响均不显著；随着藻类密度的增加，河蚬的滤食率增加而同化率减小，两者分别符合下列关系式：IR=65．1204C^0.3260（R^2=0．900，P〈0．05）和AE=55．2865C^-0.1513（R^2=0．925，P〈0．05）；河蚬的同化率随着饵料中有机物含量（POM／TPM）的增加而增加，两者间的回归方程为：AE=85．1120＋23．3375lnX（R^2=0．958，P〈0．05）。

Abstract:MTT检测的OD值与细胞量之间呈显著的线性正相关（R^2〉0．96），能较好地反映活细胞密度。MTF的作用浓度及反应时间对此OD值均有较大影响，根据实验结果在细胞的MTT检测中，采用0．5mg／mL为MTT作用浓度，4h为反应时间。细胞接种量对最终的细胞活力有一定影响，根据实验结果在鱼类细胞毒性实验中，选取每孔2．0×10^4为最初接种量（初始密度为10^5cell／mL），对照SMMC7721细胞则选择每孔0．5×10^4细胞接种量（初始密度为2．5×10^4 cell／mL）。通过优化的MTT比色法检测抗生素和多环芳香烃等药物对细胞的毒性，药物的剂量一效应曲线以Logistic模型拟合，获得实验药物对不同细胞的半致死浓度IC50结果表明，多环芳香烃的毒性通常大于抗生素，研究还发现药物对CIK、GCL、PCK细胞的IC50显著高于SMMC7721细胞（P〈0．05）。

Abstract:The effects of physiological and biochemical index for white-leg shrimps(Penaeus vannmei)infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus were studied in this paper.It is a kind of bacteria-Vibrio parahaemolyticus that was isolated from hepatopancreas of diseased shrimps farmed under natural conditions.The infection experiment that healthy shrimp muscles were injected with the isolated bacteria-Vibrio parahaemolyticus was carried out.After injection shrimp mortality was positive interrelationship to duration time and the injection concentration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus,and was negative interrelationship to semilethal concentration(LD50).The tests showed that the activity of SOD and LSZ in muscle and hepatopancreas of shrimp declined,but activity of POD was ascendant with increase of injection concentration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.The EST bands showed absence.Tissue specific of MDH was very distinct,the expressions of EST and MDH in muscle were most strong among examined tissues.After injection of bacterial-Vibrio parahaemolyticus immunity system of shrimp was destroyed that resulted in immunity function damaged,the abilities of preventing disease and disease resistance declined,shrimps suffered from illness,even died.

Abstract:The blank absorbency is always too high to obtain the exact result when we analyze the total nitrogen using alkaline potassium persulfate digestion-UV spectrophotometric method.We studied the phenomenon and the results were as follows.The purity of water and potassium persulfate was the most essential factor in the analysis.Water with high purity and imported K2S2O8 with the purity of more than 99.0% could insure the blank absorbency less than 0.030.Instead of using imported K2S2O8,we also obtained perfect results using domestic K2S2O8(AR) as long as we made the reagent secondarily crystallized.If the purity of water or the reagent of K2S2O8 was not high enough,we could improve the experimental operation to reduce the blank absorbency by adding HCl(1+9)solution into alkaline potassium persulfate solution,extending the digestion time to 50 minutes or cooling rapidly after digestion.But these methods could only reduce the blank absorbency to some degree but couldn't ensure an absorbency less than 0.030.Different instruments for digestion or absorbency analysis showed no significant effect on the results.

Abstract:根据2003-2005年我国对印度洋西北部公海鸢乌贼资源调查资料，依据胴长组成及触腕长等8个形态学参数，利用正态分布、星座聚类等方法对其种群结构进行分析。结果表明，鸢乌贼胴长组成为10.6～61．2cm，优势胴长组为28～36cm。胴长组成随纬度变化明显。初步可分优势胴长为46～52cm、30～36cm和20～24cm的大型、中型和小型三个种群。18°N以北海域以大型种群为主，12°N～18°N海域以中型种群为主，12°N以南海域以小型种群为主，但大型、中型和小型种群重叠分布。三个种群间的主要形态特征值（AL1／ML、AL2／ML、AL3／ML和AL4／ML）也存在较为显著的差异。初步推断，鸢乌贼可能是全年性产卵，并存在多个产卵群体。

Abstract:Temperature monitoring of food is an effective method to keep food safety and to maintain the integrity of the cold chain and it is necessary to implement temperature monitoring of chilled food in the cold chain. Nowadays, the situation of temperature management in the course of food transportation is not satisfactory, and the products which customers received always cannot reach what they expected. The only way to solve this problem is to implement temperature monitoring with time-temperature indicator. The necessity and foreground of the temperature legislation, the importance, theory and the application in the refrigerated transport of temperature monitoring were reviewed in this paper. The principle of some overseas timetemperature indicator was also introduced.

Abstract:褐藻素-叶绿素a／c结合蛋白（FCP）由核基因家族编码，镶嵌在杂色藻类的类囊体膜中，结合褐藻素、叶绿素a和叶绿素c，起着捕获并向两个光反应中心平均分配和传递光能的作用。前体N-末端存在一个信号肽和一个转运肽，成熟FCP具3个α-螺旋跨膜区，分子量在17～22kDa之间，结合叶绿素a的氨基酸高度保守，但结合褐藻素和叶绿素c的不太保守。fcp基因一般存在一个内含子，其蛋白编码区同源性达80％以上，而5’和3’非翻译区保守性相对较低。励基因表达量在红光及相对强光强下一般较高，且可能还存在日周变化．具4个α-螺旋的叶绿素a／b结合蛋白的第4个α-螺旋区缺失可能导致了具3个α-螺旋的FCP的产生。

Abstract:Nitrifying bacteria,being obviously helpful to improve water quality, has been widely used in aquiculture in recent years.But the harmful substances in wastewater might seriously inhibit the activity of nitrifying bacteria,and have a strong impact on the quality of water and aquatic products.Phenol inhibition on nitrification with enriched nitrifying bacteria was studied in this paper.The results indicated that the inhibition type of phenol on nitrification was non-competitive.The inhibition constant(KI) was equal to EC50,and both were 2.61 mg/L.The effluent ammonia in the presence of phenol was higher than that of no inhibitor under the condition of the same Sludge retention time(SRT),and the higher the phenol concentration was,the higher the effluent ammonia was.The SRT of nitrifying bacteria in the presence of phenol was longer than that of no inhibitor to achieve the same effluent ammonia,and the higher the phenol concentration was,the longer the SRT was.

Abstract:In this paper,a primary design of an Oscillating buoy wave power Device(OD) is conducted firstly,then a numerical calculation is carried out to find the main parameters that affect the performance of the OD,and find the optimal parameters of the OD when it works in South China Sea.The result shows that the length of the forepart of the port(Lf p) and the length of the buoy(Lb) are the primary parameters that affect the performance of the OD;the draft of the buoy(D) and the water depth in the port(Dp) are the secondary parameters,the performance of the OD can be improved partly by adjusting them;and the water depth in the region of constant depth(H) is irrelevant to the performance of the OD,It means that the water depth in the region of constant depth(H) can be left out of account when selecting a site to build the OD.The optimal parameters are shown below:Lf p=4 m,Lb=3 m,D=2.5 m,Dp=4.3 m around the usual wave period of 5-6 s in South China Sea.

Abstract: