Abstract:通过对野生花鱼骨和池养花鱼骨肌肉中常规营养组成、18种氨基酸含量及脂肪酸组成的比较分析。结果表明,野生鱼肌肉的水分及灰分含量显著高于池养鱼,而粗脂肪含量显著低于池养鱼(P<0.05),两者粗蛋白含量无显著差异(P>0.05);两者肌肉中氨基酸的含量,除胱氨酸外的其余17种氨基酸的含量无显著差异(P>0.05);野生鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成中,饱和脂肪酸总量和多烯酸总量的百分比显著高于池养鱼,单烯酸总量的百分比显著低于池养鱼(P<0.05)。在多烯酸中,野生鱼的C18∶2、C18∶3和C20∶2占脂肪酸总量的百分比显著低于池养鱼,而C20∶3、C20∶4、C20∶5、C22∶4、C22∶5、C22∶6、Σn-6及Σn-3占脂肪酸总量的百分比显著高于池养鱼(P<0.05)。但池塘养殖花鱼骨单位重量肌肉组织所含的人体所需必需脂肪酸的量,除EPA略低外,n-6系列PUFA总和、n-3系列PUFA总和及DHA均高于野生鱼。

Abstract:Mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene fragment of Sinonovacula constricta was amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were purified and sequenced from three wild populations: She-yang (WS), Chong-ming (WC), Xiang-shan (WX) and three cultured populations She-yang (CS), Feng-xian (CF), Xiang-Shan (CX) in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. 440 base-pair nucleotide sequences of 16 SrRNA were examined and analyzed for genetic polymorphism. Sequences data analysis showed that all 47 sequences were grouped into 19 haplotypes and there were 41 variable nucleotide positions in 16S rRNA gene fragments. The genetic diversity indexes were calculated and the results indicate that the significant genetic difference was observed among three wild populations, WC population has more variation than others, followed by WS population, WX population has the least sequence variation,which suggests that WC population has not been polluted by cultured populations. But there is no genetic difference among three cultured populations and it is closest to WX population. So the culturing process has reduced wild genetic diversity.

Abstract:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to detect the variation of four successively selected generations( F_6,F_7,F_8,F_9 ) of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).The results showed that: (1)172 loci (300-2800 bp ) were examined by 17 random primers from 88 individuals of four generations. (2)The proportions of polymorphic loci of F_6,F_7,F_8,F_9 were 23.4%,21.1%,19.4%and 18.3% respectively,decreased generation by generation,but no significant differences among generations (U test, P>0.05);the Nei genetic identities of F_6,F_7,F_8,F_9 were 0.896 1,0.908 4,0.918 6,0.925 4 respectively ,increased generation by generation,but no significant differences among generations(t- test, P>0.05);Shannon genetic diversity indices of F_6,F_7,F_8,F_9 were 0.148 5,0.131 4,0.117 8,0.108 3, decreased generation by generation, but no significant differences among generations(t -test, P>0.05).(3)The contribution of the variation among four generations to the total variations of four generation was 23.1% in Shannon genetic diversity index and 12.5% in AMOVA analysis. The above results showed that, although a selection of four generations did not cause a significant difference of genetic diversities, it caused a clear trend in genetical purification, and the F_8 and F_9 generations have reached a rather high genetic stability as a genetic improved variety.

Abstract:采用小片段克隆法构建凡纳滨对虾的部分基因文库，用放射性同位素[y-^12P]ATP标记的（CA）15（AT）12（AG）12、（AAT）8、（AAG）8做探针筛选阳性克隆。共获得微卫星序列152个，其中二核苷酸为核心的微卫星序列：（AG）a〉（AC）a〉（AT）a，三核苷酸为核心的微卫星序列：（AAT）a〉（CAT）a〉（AAG）a应用引物设计软件primer3．0设计引物105对。选择合成10对理论上易出现影子带的引物，筛选后用31个凡纳滨对虾个体对这些引物进行了评估，结果10对引物中有8对引物能扩增出谱带，其中1对扩增产物出现影子带，1对扩增产物为单态．有6对扩增产物出现多态。

Abstract:在25．0±1℃范围条件下，对日本沼虾进行了不同时间的饥饿处理后再投饵的恢复生长实验。对照组连续饱食投喂18d，处理组分别饥饿2,4、8d，再分别饱食投喂16，14，10d。实验结果如下：在恢复生长时期，处理组的特殊生长率、摄食率、食物转化率明显高于对照组，超氧阴离子是随着饥饿时间的延长而增加，而超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氧酶的酶活力则是随着饥饿实验先稍微增加，后又下降。在恢复投饵后，超氧阴离子、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶又恢复至对照组水平。实验结果表明，日本沼虾继饥饿后再恢复喂食出现完全或部分补偿生长效应不仅由于增加食欲，提高摄食水平，同时改善了食物转化率。因此，补偿生长是这两种生理因素共同作用的结果。

Abstract:This paper studied the effect of ammonia nitrogen and sulfurated hydrogen on the larvae of penaeus japonicus. The grades were designed by equal space between logarithm, and the median lethal concentration was computed by Linear Regression. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen and sulfurated hydrogen had a notable toxic effect on the larvae of penaeus japonicus(F>F_ 0.05), and the mortality rate of larvae increased significantly with the concentration. The endurance to two toxicants in all larvae stages was different, and the endurance of the nauplius was better than that of the zoea larvae and less than that of the mysis larvae and postlarvae. The safety concentration of ammonia nitrogen on the zoea larvae, mysis larvae and postlarvae was 0.295 mg/L, 0.724 mg/L, 1.072 mg /L respectively, and that of sulfurated hydrogen was 0.043 0 mg/L, 0.055 3 mg/L,0.070 5 mg/L.

Abstract:采用静态试验法对异育银鲫的氨氮排泄与耗氧进行了研究，结果表明：体重4．51—13．05g的异育银鲫，其单位体重排氨率为0．0269—0．0156mgN／（g·h）；溶氧的死亡临界值为0．56—0．25mg／L，窒息点为0．21—0．08mg／L。异育银鲫的呼吸属顺应型，瞬时耗氧速率与溶氧呈线性正相关，溶氧越低，瞬时耗氧速率越小；瞬时耗氧速率随体重的增加而减少；排氨率与体重呈良好的幂函数，其中单位个体排氨率随体重增大而增大，而单位体重排氨率却随体重增大而减小。

Abstract:In order to ascertain the susceptibility and the potential danger of WSSV to the cultured Portunus trituberculatus, the healthy crabs were inoculated with WSSV by intramuscular injection and feeding. The results showed that the crabs in the group of intramuscular injection all became diseased and died at 10 to 16 days after being inoculated; the mortality of the group of feeding was 33%, and that of the control group was 0. Real-time PCR assay was developed in this study for quantitative analysis of WSSV in muscle and hepatopancreas. Detectable rates of WSSV from intramuscular, feeding and control groups were 100%, 50% and 0 respectively. Histopathological observation showed that the nucleus of target cells in the hepatopancreas, atrial muscle, and gill became swollen and distorted, servere vacuolation and necrosis of epithelial cells of hepatopancreas and gill, as well as the atrial muscle fibres were obviously observed. Under electron microscope,virus particles with the same size and morphological features as WSSV were seen in the abnormal tissue cells. In conclusion, the WSSV can infect Portunus trituberculatus and cause obvious histopathological changes in the crab tissues, and additionally, the degree of the infection of WSSV was closely related to the amount of virus, as well as the crab's health and environment conditions.

Abstract:In regard to the natural conditions along Zhejiang costal waters, the type and structure of sea-cage, the basic designing principles were proposed. In addition, its modular structure and design were discussed, which included area selection, cage type and array, farm scale, distribution density, arrangement of culture field, fish culture technology and environmental monitoring. Furthermore, making the culture practice at Qingshan zone of Xiushan island as an example, the experiment was carried on. The results indicated: the net cage that was used in this culture structure at this costal area was adequate for the 2.8kts maximal tidal current, with the enough ability of anti-wave property. The fish in this net cage grew fast, with little illness. The survival rate of fish can reach 95%. The influence on the cultured environment was unconspicuous. The chemistry index in the net cage culture area such as pH, D.O., COD and BOD varied 0.04, 0.18mg/L, 0.02mg/L and 0.06mg/L accordingly, compared with the control point of the uncultured area at the same time. Some kinds of nutrient salts in sea water were increasing, some were decreasing. The average amplitude is -0.034 to +0.017mg/L. Therefore, as far as cage culture is concerned, only by rational culture model design and its implementation, nice results can be obtained such as high landing, high effectiveness and less pollution.

Abstract:It is a linear programming method based on Cobb-Douglas production function to SPF. After getting the estimated value undetermined coefficient, we can try to get the project output, and then we can get the technical efficiency of every input unit. The SPF method was applied to analyze the fishing capacity in Zhejiang in 1996 -2004. The result showed that the technical efficiency in 2000 is the maximum, approximately 99.9%. After being compared with DEA method, we got the conclusion that both methods can indicate the level of capacity clearly. And the technical inefficient cost should be eliminated when analyzing fishing capacity by SPF method. In addition, with SPF method to calculate fishing capacity, all the input factors should be capitalized excepting labor, in order to improve the accuracy of calculating.

Abstract:Based on analysis of the defects of home-made vacuum fish pump, an improved new machine with dual-vacuumizing method of discharging both air and water was designed and made, for the principle of creating vacuum by increasing vacuum space was widely applied at home and abroad. According to the program processing results and technical parameters of vacuum pump and water pump, fish pump was assembled and tests of pumping live fish were carried out in a pool. It was indicated that the curve of pressure variation in the tank fluctuated a little due to unstable discharging efficiency of the vacuum pump. However, the trends of both experimental and theoretical curves were almost same. Suction time with water pump ON was about 10s longer than that with pump OFF, which showed that the flow velocity in the suction pipe increased markedly. Therefore, the method using water pump to discharge water was effective to cooperate the vacuum pump to reduce the tank pressure, prolong the suction time and reduce the machine size. Shorter suction time and higher suction velocity could be obtained when initial tank pressure was set at 2mH_2O compared with 4mH_2O. 13 kg live fish (body length 150-180 mm) was pumped within 20 s by this pump and 2 t fish might be caught within 1 hr.

Abstract:利用几种大孔树脂对桑黄黄酮的吸附与解吸性能进行了比较筛选实验。结果表明，样品浓度、吸附时间和解吸时间等因素都会对提取效果有影响。通过比较发现树脂DM301比较适合于吸附提取桑黄总黄酮。应用DM301型大孔树脂，样品液的体积与树脂量比为（2—3）：1（mL：g），黄酮浓度为2mg／mL，吸附时间为14h，用3倍于样品液体积的60％乙醇解吸5h可以得到比较理想的提取结果，平均回收率为95．2％。

Abstract:There are more than 540 species of crayfish in the world. Crayfish are widely natively distributed in the world except Africa and Antarctica. Some species of crayfish are well-exploited for years and have high economic value, including Procambarus clarkii, Cherax quadricarintus, destructor, Astacus astacus and Astacus leptodactylus. The crayfish aquaculture mainly includes extensive, semi-intensive and intensive types of production. The demand of crayfish market is very large in China and several western countries. The profit of crayfish production is very high. Soft-shell crayfish is high valued and greatly demanded. There is considerable potential for the development of markets for soft-shell crayfish. The development of crayfish culture in China is analyzed and it has a bright prospect to develop the industry of crayfish culture especially soft- shell crayfish production in China.

Abstract:以城市污水ANOXIC—OXIC工艺出水为处理对象，在中试规模上研究了新建组合填料潜流湿地的脱氮除磷效能。结果表明，当COD面积负荷率、TN面积负荷率、TP面积负荷率、HRT（水力停留时间）分别为8．7～22．1g／（m^2·d）、7．29～24．28g／（m^·-d）、0．94—1．84g/（m^2·d）、0．48—0．59d时，①湿地启动阶段，COD去除率为30．3％、面积负荷去除率为6．63g／（m^2·d）、反应动力学常数为0．23m／d；SS去除率为45．5％；氨态氮、亚硝态氮和硝态氮的去除率分别为9．3％、40．0％和25．0％；TN去除率为14．9％、面积负荷去除率3．63g／（m^2·-d）、反应动力学常数为0．10m／d；TP去除率为92．4％、面积负荷去除率为0．93g／（m^2·-d），反应动力学常数为O．94m／d。②稳态运行阶段，COD去除率为33．9％，面积负荷去除率为2．98g／（／m^2·d），反应动力学常数为0．24m／d；SS去除率为50．0％；氨氮、亚硝氮和硝氮的去除率分别为50．2％、41．9％和24．7％；TN去除率为29．9％，面积负荷去除率为2．19g／（m^2·d），反应动力学常数为0．18m／d。TP去除率为90．5％、面积负荷去除率为0．89g,／（m^2·d）、反应动力学常数为0．86m／d。③随TN面积负荷增加，TN面积负荷去除率和TN动力学常数均随之线性增加；随TP面积负荷增加，TP面积负荷去除率随之线性增加，而反应动力学常数呈幂函数增加。

Abstract:为了探讨食用色索对金鱼体色的影响进行了本次试验。将四种食用色素柠檬黄（group1）、胭脂红（group2）、果绿（group3）和亮蓝（group4）以2％o的比例加入基础饲料中配成试验饲料，另以基础饲料作对照（group5），投喂体重20g左右的黄色金鱼110d，试验前后用WSC—s型测色色差计测定各组每尾鱼体色的三刺激值，结果发现，试验前柠檬黄组、胭脂红组、果绿组、亮蓝组和和对照组金鱼体色的x值分别为（56．942±9．940）、（58．315±6．667）、（56．794±5．510）、（57．019±4．615）和（53．427±6．564），Y值分别为（57．652±10．889）、（55．370±6．284）、（55．850±7．831）、（54．295±5．969）和（51．382±8．835），Z值分别为（32．249±9．646）、（24．084±6．536）、（24．667±7．259）、（26．351±6．791）和（32．09±14．272）。各组金鱼体色的x值问、Y值间、z值间均无显著差异。试验后柠檬黄组、胭脂红组、果绿组、亮蓝组和对照组金鱼体色的x值分别为（68．079±11．819）、（74．626±0）、（68．714±8．765）、（73．384±10．929）和（69．623±7．779），Y值分别为（59．135±11．364）、（66．110±O）、（62．389±8．547）、（66．085士6．134）和（62．115±6．763），z值分别为（24．806±7．144）、（25．477±0）、（22．651±10．201）、（19．395士3．781）和（16．677±6．763），各组金鱼体色的X值间、Y值间、Z值间均无显著差异。这四种食用色素对试验金鱼的体色无显著影响。

Abstract:分别以配合饲料（对照组）、蚕豆（蚕豆组）饲喂平均体重为199．0g的罗非鱼66d，考察蚕豆对罗非鱼生长和肉质的影响。结果表明：配合饲料组和蚕豆组增重率为60．65％，28．61％；饵料系数为2．24，4．64；肥满度为16．18，11．64；粗蛋白含量为17．85％，17．06％；粗脂肪含量为0．56％，1．37％；肌肉失水率为13．72％，9．32％；耐折力为312．2μm，394．7μm。在生长方面，与配合饲料组相比，蚕豆组罗非鱼的增重率、肥满度极显著降低，饲料系数极显著增加（P〈0．01）；在肌肉品质方面，失水率、粗蛋白含景极显著降低；粗脂肪含量、耐析力栅显著根高（P〈0．01）。上述结果表明．投喂蚕豆对罗非鱼肌肉具有一定的改变作用。

Abstract:用邻苯二甲醛（OPA）柱前衍生高效液相色谱法对中华绒螫蟹可食部分（肌肉、肝脏、性腺）的游离氨基酸组成及含量进行了研究分析，结果发现：中华绒螯蟹各可食部分抽提液中主要有19种氨基酸，精氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸、牛磺酸、脯氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸、酪氨酸、异亮氨酸、丝氨酸这12种氨基酸在各可食部分中的含量均超过10mg／100g，而其中又以精氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸和牛磺酸为主，这5种氨基酸含量占游离氨基酸总量的50％以上。此种游离氨基酸组成模式与蛛雪蟹、勘察加拟石蟹等海水蟹中的游离氨基酸分布基本相似。而中华绒螯蟹区另4于蛛雪蟹、勘察加拟石蟹等海水蟹的一个主要特征是其肌肉抽提液中的丙氨酸含量明显高于它们，是它们的3倍。相反的是中华绒螫蟹肌肉抽提液中的牛磺酸含量（80mg／100g以下）明显低于蛛雪蟹、勘察加拟石蟹中的含量（150—400mg／100g）。