Abstract:运用人工授精方法,进行海南沼虾(♀)×日本沼虾(♂)杂交试验,获得了可育的F1代杂种,并对F1代及其双亲进行了RAPD分析。共进行6批杂交试验,4批抱卵,3批获得杂交虾,成活率分别为30%,48%,64%。形态上,F1代兼有双亲特征,但偏向父本。RAPD扩增结果显示,海南沼虾和日本沼虾的扩增带型存在显著的差异,F1杂种兼有双亲的特征带,父、母本之间的遗传距离为0.785 6,父本与F1的遗传距离为0.410 9,母本与F1的遗传距离为0.423 8。从分子水平确认了日本沼虾(♀)和海南沼虾(♂)种间杂交的成功,并为进一步寻找经济性状相关分子标记提供了条件。

Abstract:根据2005年3月至2006年1月我国大型拖网加工渔船在东南太平洋的生产资料,结合海表温数据,按经纬度1°×1°的空间单位进行分析,利用Marine Explorer 4.0软件作图,研究作业渔场CPUE分布与海表温的关系。结果表明,适宜作业海表温为12~15℃,月平均CPUE呈正态分布:8月最高,为11.34 t/h;6~9月均超过7.00 t/h,密集鱼群区域分布在34°~40°S,79°~92°W,其海表温范围为13~15℃;10月平均CPUE为6.08 t/h,其表温范围为14~17℃;其余各月平均CPUE均不超过4.30 t/h。CPUE与适宜海表温关系通过K-S的检验。

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Abstract:The positive BAC clones were identified through screening BAC DNA library of channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus).Positive clone 006_I13 was partial sequenced using primer-walking stratagem,and 2557 bp-length DNA sequence containing SCYA 107 gene was analysed.SCYA 107 gene consisted of 4 exons and 3 introns.The sequence which spliced into 4 exons was completely same with the SCYA 107 cDNA sequence published before,which encodes 96 amino acids.It is typical one member of chemokine CC subfamily based on owning a CC and two separate cysteines at the N-terminal of amino acid.The upstream of SCYA 126 gene contained some immune-related transcription factor binding sites.There exists a big difference between SCYA 107 proteins of channel catfish and blue catfish.The SCYA 107 protein of channel catfish falls into the scope of mouse chemokine CCL 20,however,the SCYA 107 protein of blue catfish is much closer to human CCL 8.The big difference between the two catfishes results from an insertion with five-bp length of nucleotide ACAAA in channel catfish SCYA 107 gene,which leads to ORF shift.

Abstract:Population genetic structure and genetic diversity of three populations of Coilia ectenes sampled from Yangtze River from 2002 to 2003 were revealed by RAPD-PCR and ISSR-PCR markers.There were 110 bands occurring in the three populations assayed by RAPD-PCR with fifteen 10-base primers,and the polymorphism was from 0.490 to 0.657,Shannon diversity index was from 18.63 to 22.38,and mean Nei's genetic distance was from(0.1195) to 0.1454.In the meanwhile,there were 67 bands occurring in the three populations revealed by ISSR-PCR with 11 primers,and the polymorphism was from 0.576 to 0.682,Shannon diversity index was from 11.56 to(13.66),and mean Nei's genetic distance was from 0.1169 to 0.1467.These data respectively from the two markers were significantly positively correlated(r=0.95,P<0.05).AMOVA analysis showed that the genetic variation between sampling years of the three populations accounted for less than 1.1% of the total one,while this variation between populations sampled in one year accounted for 6.99% revealed by RAPD-PCR or 2.75% by ISSR-PCR of the total one.It also showed that the genetic variation among samples within a population was the principal component,which accounted for more than 96% of the total one at P<0.000 1 assayed by the both markers.AMOVA results suggested that there was no significantly genetic diversity among the three populations of(C.ectenes),and this was confirmed by Neighbor-joining dendrogram constructed based on matrices of pairwise(Nei's) genetic distances among samples.Although the pairwise Nei's genetic distances among samples and the Neighbor-joining dendrogram from RAPD-PCR was not positively correlated with those from ISSR-PCR according to the Mantel test and the cluster analysis respectively,ISSR-PCR could reveal higher polymorphism in the tested populations.

Abstract:The mitochondrial DNA control regions of Siniperca scherzeri Steindachner collected from the Yalujiang River, Yangtze River, Qiantangjiang River, Minjiang River and Xijiang River were amplified with PCR technique and sequenced. The result showed 112 nucleotide sites were variable among 818 bp length of homologous sequence and 20 haplotypes were found in all 36 individuals. Each population owned the different haplotypes, some population specific sites were also found in the populations from the Yalujiang River and Qiantangjiang River. Molecular tree constructed by NJ method showed all the individuals from the Yalujiang River, Yangtze River, Qiantangjiang River and Xijiang River populations, respectively, could be clustered as one group independently, except that the individuals from the Minjiang River were mixed with those of the Yangtze River and Xijiang River. These showed there were significant genetic differences among the 5 populations of S. scherzeri in China.

Abstract:Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I(COI) fragments of Sparus macrocephalus and Sparus latus were amplified using universal primers.By sequencing,the sequence of 581 bp nucleotide was obtained,and the average contents of A,T,G and C were 25.8%,32.6%,18.0% and 23.6% respectively.The content of AT was higher than that of GC,which was similar to the results in other fish.The two sequences showed 14 substituted sites and 13 variable sites between the 19th and the 139th base pairs.The variation frequency of this fragment was relatively high so it was suggested to be a molecular marker to identify Sparus or its population.Comparing with Taius tumifrons,Pagrus major and Pagrus auriga,the transition times were more than transversion times.No insertion and deletion of sites were found.The result of sequence divergence analysis revealed that the discrepancy was from 2.4% to 18.2% between the 5 fishes.The highest was between P.major and S.latus and the lowest was between S.latus and S.macrocephalus.The two sequences were submitted to GenBank,and the accession numbers were DQ185608 and DQ185609.

Abstract:Parentage identification of the second filial generation, which derived from Beshi carp and frigidresistance strain of red purse carp, was carried out with RAID techniques. Totally 5 out of 180 RAID primer with fine polymorphisms were screened to represent high polymorphisms. Statistical analysis of the polymorphisms showed that the RAPD bands in parents were totally found in their offspring. The bands of filial generations appeared 87.0%, 100.0%, 92.1%, 82.8% and 92.6% in parents from primers AB02, AB05, AC20, AI10 and AI13, respectively. It indicates that it is feasible to identify parents of the common carp with RAPD techniques.

Abstract:对怀卵期三角帆蚌的外侧瓣鳃分别从水平、横、纵等三个方向作组织切片,利用光镜观察其组织形态结构。结果显示,在怀卵期外侧瓣鳃增至(2 876.77±123.58)μm,两鳃小瓣之间被鳃间隔分成许多鳃小腔,其宽度为(474.06±32.01)μm(纵切),(410.74±70.69)μm(水平切)。瓣间隔的厚度为(244.92±17.23)μm(纵切),(288.80±35.16)μm(水平切)。从横切面观察,瓣间隔又由横向隔板组成瓣间隔孔,隔板宽度为(309.2±50.56)μm,两隔板间的孔宽度为(365.22±37.74)μm。鳃小腔通过瓣间隔孔而互相连通,从而形成鳃腔育儿囊。同时还观察到:在胚胎发育初期,受精卵被粘液状物质包裹,随着孵化的进行包裹物逐渐消失。

Abstract:The number,shape and distribution of intermuscular bones were observed in silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix),bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis),blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala) and crucian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio).The results showed that the number of intermuscular bones in silver carp was between 117 and 124,in bighead carp was between 116 and 133,in blunt snout bream was between 114 and 129,in crucian carp was between79 and 87.The intermuscular bone number was not absolutely equal in both body sides although the number was quite similar.The bone number varied in different parts of fish body.There were more bones in the front dorsal part while bone number was almost equal in rear dorsal part and rear abdominal part.There were more than 10 types of bone shape in silver carp,bighead carp,blunt snout bream and crucian carp.A tiny l-type bone was observed in all of experimental fish,and the length difference of this bone was very small in the fish of different sizes.

Abstract:取材大口黑鲈肝脏组织,培养其原代细胞,比较研究了组织块法和酶消化法两种培养方法及不同的培养条件,以确定其最佳培养方法和条件,同时观察了长期培养过程中肝细胞的形态变化。结果表明:组织块方法不适于大口黑鲈肝细胞的培养,未见细胞从组织块中迁出。而胰蛋白酶消化法获得良好稳定的培养效果。胰蛋白酶浓度0.25%,消化时间20 min,分步收集肝细胞,经台盼蓝检测和血球计数板计数,平均活力>90%,每克肝重可获得3×106个分离肝细胞。在细胞活力和数量两方面达到最佳平衡。在含20%胎牛血清、10μg/mL胰岛素的M199/L15培养基中,于4%CO2,28℃培养箱中长期培养并传代。

Abstract:Through sampling thalli from suffered sea area,the discoloration of Porphyra yezoensis was studied by photomicrography and electron microscope technique.And preliminary quality test was conducted on dried laver,Porphyra yezoensis that suffered from discoloration as well.The results of microscope-observation showed that,diseased thalli cells had large vacuoles,their chloroplasts atrophied or crushed to the edge of cell,several cells at the base died,and floridean starch particles manifolded under electron microscope.Quality test showed that total suger contents of faded dried lavers were apparently higher than those in normal dried lavers,while crude protein,fat,photosynthetic pigments and free amino acids in diseased laver were lower than normal dried lavers.Especially,the percentage of three flavour amino acids(Asp,Glu and Ala) in faded lavers was extra low.These influenced the quality of lavers greatly and resulted in inferior quality.The results of the absorption spectrum on the normal thalli and diseased thalli demonstrated again that the content of photosynthetic pigments in thalli that suffered from discoloration is extremely low.When we added nitrogen in seawater to culture the diseased thalli,the color restored more or less and thallus cells returned to normal after 6 days.

Abstract:During endogenous feeding phase,differentiation of the digestive tract was an asynchronous and very intense phenomenon,proceeding from the distal to the proximal part.At hatching,the digestive tract was represented by a gastric cavity filled with yolk and partially differentiated hindgut,and did not communicate with the exterior as the mouth and anus were not yet opened.Along with the yolk sac absorption,stomach and duodenum,were differentiated 3 days post hatch,respectively.By 8-9 days post hatch,the glandular stomach(cardiac region) was developed,meanwhile there was marked differentiation in duodenum and liver.It suggested a functional alimentary canal was developed.But if the initial feeding time was 12 days post hatch,digestive tract developed hardly.If starved to 24-25 d,digestive system of trial fish was retrograded.The alimentary canal seemed shorter and thinner;Cells of gastric gland decreased and became shrunken;Muscle fiber of stomach turned to loosened,under light microscope.Furthermore,intestine columnar epithelium became lowered and microvilli ruptured histologically.The structure of liver was broken,such as ligature of hepatic cells became ruptured,nucleolus of hepatic cells destroyed,and there were no bounds among hepatic cells.

Abstract:在水温25℃,以100 mg/kg蟹体重的磺胺甲基异唑(SMZ)对中华绒螯蟹单次口灌给药,采用RP-HPLC方法研究了SMZ在中华绒螯蟹体内的代谢和消除规律。给药后0.5~3 h,SMZ在血淋巴和肝胰腺中的浓度迅速上升,至第3小时达到峰值(15.466±1.499)μg/mL和(13.491±1.315)μg/g;而肌肉和性腺(卵巢和精巢)中SMZ却上升较慢,第3小时仅为(5.955±0.354)μg/g、(6.950±0.240)μg/g、(7.015±0.356)μg/g,第6小时才达到峰值(6.232±0.325)μg/g、(7.551±0.255)μg/g、(8.055±0.274)μg/g,峰值仅为血淋巴和肝胰腺的1/2左右。SMZ在中华绒螯蟹性腺和肝胰腺中消除速度均较慢,但肌肉比肝胰腺稍快。给药后第10天,肌肉和卵巢中SMZ降至为(0.051±0.014)μg/g和(0.099±0.003)μg/g,而肝脏和精巢中SMZ尚在0.1μg/g以上,为(0.483±0.042)μg/g和(0.123±0.006)μg/g。给药后第20天,仅肝胰腺中可检测到SMZ,为0.090μg/g左右。肌肉、肝胰腺和性腺(卵巢和精巢)SMZ浓度-时间消除曲线方程分别为C0=18.537e-0.224t+4.775e-0.018t、C0=9.823e-0.021t+1.898e-0.006t、C0=4.405e-0.039t+3.894e-0.017t、C0=5.707e-0.033t+2.478e-0.013t,各组织中T1/2β分别为1.6 d、4.74 d、1.7 d和2.2 d。若要使SMZ在中华绒螯蟹肌肉、肝胰腺和性腺中的浓度降至0.1μg/g以下,则休药期分别需13.473 d、24.61 d、10.33 d和14.52 d。试验表明,SMZ在中华绒螯蟹组织中消除较缓慢,尤其在肝胰腺中,因此肝胰腺可以作为SMZ残留监测的首选组织。

Abstract:Phytoplankton communities in the Yangtze River estuary were studied by cluster analysis based on the samples collected in August 2003,in the cruise for Yangtze River estuary deepwater channel.50 phytoplankton species were identified and grouped into three ecotypes: the estuarine community,the dilute community and the high salinity community.The estuarine species are the main part of phytoplankton community,which dominates the community feature of Yangtze River estuary.The 20 stations can be separated into three groups(named group I,II,III) by the cluster analysis based on the species composition.Group I was in the west area of the Changxing Island,group II and group III were in the east area of the Changxing Island.According to the environmental factors in which species distributed,salinity,turbidity and suspended sediment were different significantly with each other.

Abstract:From May to July 2004 and March to April 2005,two fishery resources survey cruises were carried out using trammel net in the adjacent waters area of 23 main Islands and reefs of South China Sea:Lingyang reef,Huaguang reef,Yinli bank,Dong island,Binmei bank,Paihong bank,Bengu shoal,Biwei shoal,Wuyong shoal,Haijiu shoal,Shuangzi reefs,Zhongye reefs,Houteng reef,Meiji reef,Renai reef,Xianbin reef,Nanfang bank,Zong bank,Dayuan bank,Yongshu reef,Nanxun reef,Niue reef and Daoming reefs.A total of 408 Cartilaginous fishes of 33 species from 7 orders and 15 families were caught in the adjacent waters area of 21 main Islands and reefs of South China Sea,except Meiji reef and Nanfang bank.Based on the data,this paper analyzed composition and distribution of Cartilaginous fishes in the adjacent waters area of main Islands and reefs of South China Sea using distribution of species diversity of fishes in systematic order, index of relative importance and catch per unit effort.It can be used as a reference for fishery resources exploitation and management of coral reefs of South China Sea.The results show that Taeniura meyeni,Hexanchus griseus and Carcharhinus limbatus were preponderant species,and CPUE ranged from 73 kg/10~4 m~2 to 499 kg/10~4 m~2 in the Xisha Islands;Taeniura meyeni and Triaenodon obesus were preponderant species,and CPUE ranged from 114 kg/10~4 m~2 to 245 kg/10~4 m~2 in the Zhongsha Islands;Carcharhinus limbatus and Triaenodon obesus were preponderant species,and CPUE ranged from 51 kg/10~4 m~2 to 846 kg/10~4 m~2 in the Nansha Islands except Meiji reef and Nanfang bank.

Abstract:以海鳗鱼鳔为原料，对其营养成分进行分析，并利用其制备鱼鳔营养液。实验结果表明：海鳗鱼鳔的粗蛋白含量高达24．63％，呈味氨基酸（谷氨酸、甘氨酸、天门冬氨酸、丙氨酸）占氨基酸总量的52．5％，其中甘氨酸含量占氨基酸总量的23．4％；维生素E含量高达1．52mg／100g，Ca含量为13．25mg／100g，Fe、Zn也较丰富；鱼鳔经65℃低温浸提制得鱼鳔胶，通过正交试验确定海鳗鱼鳔营养液的最适配方，即每100g鱼鳔胶添加75g中药提取液、4mL黄酒及15g冰糖，以此制得的营养液中粗蛋白含量高达5．87％，色泽、风味、口感较好。

Abstract:The genus tilapia native to Africa and South-east Asia has been an important food fish in the world,which grows fast,eats roughage and tastes good.Tilapias are supplied by two normal ways,that is capture and aquaculture.In 1990's,the aquaculture of Tilapia grows up into the world and the output of the aquaculture increasingly exceeds that of the capture.The main breed of tilapia aquaculture is the Nile tilapia.In the meanwhile,the processing and trade of tilapias develop rather rapidly.On the basis of the statistics from 1981-2002 about the tilapia capture and aquaculture furnished by FAO,the paper analyzes the dynamic characters of the industry of tilapias.Since the output of China's tilapia aquaculture ranks first in the world,it is necessary to promote it to a higher position.

Abstract:Diseases has become a serious problem in aquaculture recently years. The research of non-specific immune factors of the cultured aquatic animal have been taken into account. Lysozyme is one of the important nonspecific immune factors in body. In this article, the biological function, molecular cloning, genetic engineering and expression in body of lysozyme were summarized. At the same time, the applications of lysozyme of aquatic animal in aquaculture disease prevention were discussed.

Abstract:The sperm proteins were extracted from the fresh spermatic fluid of male gynogenetic silver crucian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio),and various fractions were collected,the fractions include sperm plasma,sperm head membrane,flagella,and demembranated sperm head,etc.in order to reveal the roles of the homologous sperm head membrane proteins to allogenetic fertilization in gynogenetic silver crucian carp.The soluble protein components of the sperm head membrane were,mixed with sperms of purice red carp(Cyprinus carpio var vuyuanensis) and then this cocktail was fertilized to eggs of silver crucian carp.The obtained results show that the hatching ratio of the experimental group is lower than that of the control group.Furthermore,during the filial generation breeding,two special individuals which grow faster were found,the special individuals have the similar phenotype and genotype to their father.To a certain degree,sperm head membrane maybe is the key factor to the androgenesis of the gynogenetic silver crucian carp eggs.

Abstract:This paper presents the results of apomixis research in Enteromorpha linza. During the life history of Enteromorpha linza, gametophytes can give birth to next generation by apomixis. The apomixes of Enteromorpha linza have two approaches. One is the gamete diffused from gametangia of gametophytes that succeeds in developing into new thallus, the other is the undiffused gamete that develops into new thallus directly. After the diffused gamete settled, it begins the first division and divides into two cells, one is apical cell and the other is basal cell. With the development of germling, it appears apical-basal polarity. The apical cell and basal cell act as the ancestor cells of frond and rhizoid. In another approach, the undiffused gamete can directly develop into germling. Many germlings can get together and settle in the former frond which has died. The apomixes approach of undiffused gamete is the first report.

Abstract:Based on the data of water quality parameters sampled monthly from six stations of Lake Dianshan in 2004,the author aimed at evaluating eutrophic status and quality grades with the grey-clustering method.Water quality parameters of DO,BOD_5,COD_(Mn),TP,NH_3-N,Chl.a in Lake Dianshan monthly means ranged at 7.210-(9.943)mg/L,3.810-4.940 mg/L,6.016-7.053 mg/L,0.137-0.366 mg/L,2.1763.362 mg/L,29.814-(56.02) mg/m~3 respectively.The evaluating results showed that(1) Lake Dianshan was in the eutrophic status at six sampled sations;(2) the water quality of this lake was in V-grade level.In the process of evaluation by grey-clustering method,TP,NH_3-N,Chl.a were found to be the most important water quality parameters which contributed to eutrophic status and quality grades.The article suggested the effective measures to improve the water quality of Lake Dianshan are to remove the surplus nitrogen and phosphorus by planting the aquatic grass,and to restrain the algae blooming by rearing the filter fish.

Abstract:根据2001及2003~2005年农业部渔业局金枪鱼延绳钓科学观察员获得的生物学数据,对主要捕捞对象大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼的生物学特征进行初步分析。结果显示,大眼金枪鱼叉长范围63~206 cm,加工后净重范围9~138 kg。黄鳍金枪鱼叉长范围是97~176 cm,加工后净重范围14~80 kg。两种类雌性个体所占比例各月差异较大,平均约40%。大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼净重与叉长关系分别是W=2.0241×10-5L2.9503,W=2.2281×10-5L2.9079。

Abstract:2003年7月-11月份期间,对东太平洋公海海域(03°S~17°S,96°W~146°W)的超低温金枪鱼延绳钓兼捕鲨鱼进行调查。发现共兼捕到9种鲨鱼,分别是尖吻鲭鲨、长鳍鲭鲨、鳄鲨、人眼长尾鲨、路氏双鲨、长鳍真鲨、镰状真鲨、大青鲨和黑异鳞鲨,隶属于3目6科。共钓获鲨鱼24 711 kg,其中大青鲨是优势种类,占鲨鱼渔获尾数的50.4%,占鲨鱼渔获总重量的76.5%,平均个体重量达到64.9 kg。调查获得9种大洋性鲨鱼的渔获率,其中以大青鲨的最高,达到0.964尾数/千钩,鳄鲨次之为0.497尾数/千钩,其它鲨鱼的CPUE均在0.200尾数/千钩以下,此外估计了东太平洋海域金枪鱼延绳钓兼捕鲨鱼总渔获量,约在4.0~5.9万吨。