Abstract:利用RT-PCR、RACE及克隆等方法获得了异育银鲫促甲状腺激素β亚基(TSHβ)基因全长cDNA序列。该cDNA全长926 bp,5’端非编码区68 bp;3’端非编码区372 bp;开放阅读框(ORF)486 bp,编码161个氨基酸。经序列分析显示,其编码的氨基酸序列与金鱼[Carassius auratus(goldfish)]、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鳙(Aristichthysnobilis)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、虹鳟(Salmo gaidnerii)、鲑(Salmo salar)、鳗鲡(Anguilla anguilla)具有较高的相似性,其相似性分别为91.3%、87.6%、83.2%、77%、58.6%、56.1%、43.55%,同源性较高,这说明TSHβ亚基在长期的进化中具有较高保守性。而且在比较中还发现:异育银鲫和其它7种鱼类相比在5’端多11个氨基酸序列,并且都含有定位保守的12个半胱氨酸残基和一个N糖基化位点。

Abstract:采用PHA和秋水仙素胸腔体内注射法,以头肾组织为材料,低渗-空气干燥法制片,对取自新疆额尔齐斯河流域白斑狗鱼的染色体核型进行了分析。经对5尾白斑狗鱼的45个中期分裂相进行显微分析和测量,结果显示:白斑狗鱼的25对染色体均为端部着丝粒染色体,其核型公式为2n=50 t,NF=50。白斑狗鱼染色体大小的绝对值为0.96~1.36μm,平均长度为1.20μm。25对染色体相对长度大小依次递减,大小差异较显著,平均值为5.68。目前,对新疆额尔齐斯白斑狗鱼的染色体组型研究尚未见报道。

Abstract:In the paper,isozymes(SOD,EST)from liver of alien species Hyriopsis schlegeli(C),H.cumingii(S) and their reciprocal hybrids F_1 were analyzed by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The results indicated that phenotype polymorphism in the isozymes electrophoresis meanwhile some common characters were observed among H.schlegeli,H.cumingii and their reciprocal hybrids F_1.There are 2-5 SOD loci in parental mussels and their reciprocal hybrids F_1.A strong activity of SOD-1 is visible only in F_1SC,and about SOD-2,a strong activity band in F_1SC,while a weak band in F_1CS but no band in parent is observed,respectively.There is a strong conservative band SOD-3 in all mussels and a strong band SOD-4 except in F_1SC,and a strong band SOD-5 except in Hyriopsis schlegeli are visible.4-6 EST loci are visible in the 2 species mussels and their reciprocal hybrids F_1 and all loci have a varying degree of activity but EST-4 invisible in F_1SC and EST-5 invisible in F_1CS.

Abstract:With the method of PCR,the Cytochrome oxidase subunit I(COI) gene is amplified to investigate the genetic diversity and genentic difference of three populations of Macrobrachium rosenbergii,including F_1 of wild population from Burma,breeding population from Guangxi local farm and cultured population from Jiangsu Province,10 endonucleases(ApaI,Acc65I,Fnu4hI,BsrfI,BsrI,KpnI,HphI,FokI,BanI,TaqI) are applied to digest the PCR products of COI gene from 30 samples,10 samples per population.The digested DNA fragments are shown with 3% agrose gel.The electrophoresis patterns indicate that in COI gene,these three populations have 2 polymorphic loci,11 kinds of endonucelease patterns and 3 kinds of genotypes.The proportion of polymorphic loci,mean heterozygosity,genotype diversity respectively are:22.2%,0.055 6 and 0.047 2 in F_1 of wild population;22.2%,(0.040 0) and 0.039 8 in breeding population;11.1%,0.010 6 and 0.008 3 in cultured population,which shows that F_1 of wild population and breeding population have higher genetic diversity than cultured population,while genetic difference among these three populations is not significant by t-test(P>0.10).The UPGMA clustering phenogram indicates that the breeding population from Guangxi has a closer relationship with cultured population from Jiangsu than that with F_1 of wild population from Burma,and to some degree reveals the effectiveness and limitation of artificial breeding in Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Abstract:Haemocyte subpopulation percentage variety of Chlamys farreri was studied by light-scatter flow cytometry,and the aim is to determine the role of zymosan and glycine-Zn in the immune response of molluscs.After injection of zymosan and glycine-Zn,the subpopulation percentages variety of the haemocytes were assayed at 6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h,96 h and 144 h.Three haemocyte groups,hyalinocyte,small granulocyte and large granulocyte,were found in the haemolymph of Chlamys farreri by the analysis method of two parameter plots(FSC,Forward Scatter and SSC,Side Scatter).After injection with zymosan,the hyalinocyte percentage in haemocytes of experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control groups at 6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h.But the small granulocyte percentage were significantly lower than that of control at 6 h,12 h and 24 h.After injection with glycine-Zn,the hyalinocyte percentage in haemocytes was significantly higher than that of control groups at 12 h,24 h and 48 h.However,small granulocyte percentage was significantly lower than that of control groups at 12 h,24 h and 48 h.These results indicated that zymosan and glycine-Zn had great effects on haemocyte subpopulation percentages variety of Chlamys farreri,and they could cause the increase of hyalinocyte and decrease of granulocyte.

Abstract:建立了反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定中华绒螯蟹肌肉、肝胰腺、精巢和卵巢组织内的恩诺沙星、环丙沙星含量。结果表明,恩诺沙星和环丙沙星在四种组织中的平均回收率分别为70.5%±12.61%,70.25%±14.73%;日内精密度分别为3.27%±0.84%,2.14%±0.68%;日间精密度分别为5.38%±2.46%,3.48%±1.16%。恩诺沙星、环丙沙星的最低检测限分别为0.02μg/g和0.004μg/g。以10 mg/kg蟹体重剂量单次肌肉注射给药后,恩诺沙星在中华绒螯蟹肌肉、肝胰腺、精巢和卵巢内的Tmax,Cmax分别为:1 h,4.323±0.56μg/g;1 h,6.042±0.72μg/g;3 h,2.381±0.43μg/g;3 h,2.101±0.29μg/g,各组织的药物消除半衰期(t1/2β)分别为:45.186 h,73.93 h,45.577 h,38.081 h。各组织中均能检测到环丙沙星,但含量均处较低水平,且代谢和消除起伏波动较大。本方法快速、灵敏、准确,适合于中华绒螯蟹组织中恩诺沙星、环丙沙星含量分析。

Abstract:研究了孵化水温对黄鲷胚胎发育的影响。结果表明:在16~26℃范围内,黄鲷胚胎都能孵出仔鱼,孵化速度随水温上升而加快。其中18~22℃是黄鲷胚胎孵化的最适温度,孵化率最高,20℃时达89%,畸形率最低;受精卵42 min细胞开始分裂,3 h 30 min为多细胞期,7 h为囊胚期,22 h胚孔关闭,37 h仔鱼开始孵出,孵出仔鱼健壮活泼。当水温高于26℃或低于16℃时,黄鲷胚胎不能孵出仔鱼;水温低于14℃时胚胎发育停止于高囊胚,12 h后受精卵开始变浊死亡;水温高于28℃时,胚胎发育至多细胞期,胚盘聚合死亡。黄鲷胚胎发育的有效积温为422.2~483.6(h.℃)。黄鲷发育的阈温度为7.88℃

Abstract:Jiuduansha is a new shoal in the developing process in the Yangtze River estuary. Zoobenthic community is an important part of estuarine ecosystem, which determined many significant ecological processes in the estuarine ecosystem. From 2002 to 2003, we arrived at Jiuduansha three times. The macmzoobenthos were investigated, and the species composition, density and biomass were studied and the ecological characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that there were 27 species of macrozoobenthos on the tidal flat wetland of Jiuduansha. Mollusc and shellfish were the important species. The dominant species on Shangsha shoal were Hyoplax ningpeonsis Shen, llyrplax deschampsi and Stenothyra glabra. The dominant species on Zhongsha shoal were llyrplax deschampsi and Stenothyra glabra . The dominant species on Xiasha shoal were llyrplax deschampsi , Moerella iridescens Helice tridens tientsinensis, A. latericea and Stenothyra glabra. In the Jiuduansha shoal, there were significant differentiation in community structure and diversity of zoobenthos from saline algae zone, Scirpus mariqueter zone to reed community zone along elevational gradient of tidal flat , which reflected the succession process of zoobenthic community with the passage of time and the difference of its tolerance to environmental factors. Space ecological pattern of diversity also reflected the succession of zoonbenthic community of the new Jiuduansha shoal in time.

Abstract:The influences of the polyculture of Hyriopsis cumingii with fish in an open pond on the major parameters of water quality were analyzed.The eutrophication extent of the water body was analyzed according to the water quality indexes,such as pH and amounts of COD_(Cr),TN,TP,etc.The results showed that the quality of the water in experimental systems were good.In the mussel-fishes co-cultivating system,the content of COD_(Cr),TN and TP are reduced by 44.74%,70.81%and 70.45%respectively,by applying the co-culturing system in high temperature seasons.But the effect was not obvious during the seasons with low temperature.The results indicated that application of the fish-mussel co-culturing system are promising for improving the water quality,especially for the controlling of eutrophication.

Abstract:Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of adding citric acid on growing performance and digestibility of allogynogenetic crucian carp.In experiment 1,420 healthy fish with an average weight of 6.5 g,were separated randomly into 5 groups and fed with 0.0%(control),0.1%,0.2%,0.3% citric acid addition for 21 days,the growth rate was 53.4%,56.9%,59.0%,57.8%,respectively.The growth rate was significantly improved by 0.2% addition(P<0.05).In experiment 2,150 healthy fish with average weight of 45.0 g were separated randomly into 5 groups and fed the diet with 0.0%(control),0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4% citric acid addition for two weeks to measure nutrients digestibility.The results showed that phosphorus(P) digestibility was significantly improved by 0.1% or 0.2% citric acid addition and dry material(DM) digestibility only by 0.2% citric acid addition(P<0.05).Adding citric acid in diet had no effect on protein digestibility.Results above showed that adding proper level of citric acid could promote the growing performance and P,DM digestibility for allogynogenetic crucian carp,and the appropriate level of citric acid addition is 0.2%.

Abstract:对不同温度下海蜇(Rhopilema esculentaKishinouye)螅状体的累计分裂数量变化以及不同温度下海蜇每日伞径大小进行了分析,结果表明时间与螅状体的累计分裂数量呈S曲线相关,在海水盐度为30.5,pH值为8.2,DO在6 mg/L的条件下,17℃、20℃、23℃三个温度下的回归方程式分别为Y=e5.764-4.194/x(R2=0.983,F=1 240.536>F1,21,0.01=8.016 6),Y=e6.039-6.295/x(R2=0.987,F=1 933.560>F1,25,0.01=7.769 8),Y=e6.213-2.899/x(R2=0.989,F=2 382.114>F1,26,0.01=7.712 3);时间与海蜇每日伞径大小呈直线相关,在17℃、20℃、23℃三个温度下的回归方程式分别为Y=0.745x 2.145(R2=0.994,F=3 523.418>F1,23,0.01=7.881 1),Y=0.807x 2.475(R2=0.977,F=975.339>F1,23,0.01=7.881 1),Y=1.096x 1.123(R2=0.989,F=2 152.260>F1,23,0.01=7.881 1);海蜇螅状体分裂的最低温度在14℃~16℃之间。

Abstract:用天然海水与海水晶配置成的人工海水按10∶0,8∶2,6∶4,4∶6,2∶8,0∶10的体积比配成6种不同的培养液,用它们培养野生型坛紫菜叶状体。培养30 d后,叶状体的生长情况如下:在100%天然海水中培养的坛紫菜叶状体生长最快,其它组的生长快慢依次为:含20%>40%>60%>80%的海水晶人工海水组。在100%海水晶人工海水组培养的叶状体5 d后死亡。叶状体叶绿素a(Chl.a)含量在20%海水晶人工海水组中最高,其余各组的含量相差不大,但藻红蛋白(PE)和藻蓝蛋白(PC)含量均比100%天然海水组稍低。用上述6种培养液培养坛紫菜丝状体,结果表明在60%海水晶人工海水组中培养的自由丝状体鲜重增加最明显,生长情况最好,100%天然海水组增重最少,其余各组增重差异不明显。坛紫菜丝状体在100%海水晶人工海水中生长良好,这说明可以用海水晶人工海水来培养坛紫菜丝状体。

Abstract:研究了液体和固体复合氨基酸对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoides)生长和生理活性的影响。结果表明,两种复合氨基酸对小球藻生长、叶绿素a含量和光合放氧量均有显著促进作用,液体复合氨基酸和固体复合氨基酸对小球藻促生长的最佳浓度分别为40 mg/L和11.12 mg/L。当液体复合氨基酸浓度为40 mg/L,相对生长率(RGR)较对照组增加了81.58%,平均倍增时间(G)缩短了45.08%,叶绿素a含量和光合放氧量比对照组分别增加了(72.25±1.69)%和(38.05±2.58)%;当固体复合氨基酸浓度为11.12 mg/L,相对生长率较对照组增加了17.31%,平均倍增时间缩短了14.48%,叶绿素a含量和光合放氧量比对照组分别增加了(119.03±4.72)%和(34.49±1.98)%。

Abstract:测定了不同水温下毛蚶对5种单胞藻的滤除率、选择性和表观消化状况,结果表明,在16℃~24℃的水温范围内,毛蚶对海洋小球藻的滤除率逐步升高,24℃时的最大滤除率为1.849 4(mL/ind.min),24℃~26℃时的滤除率逐步下降。22℃为毛蚶对微绿球藻、球等鞭金藻3011和三角褐指藻的最佳滤食温度,最大滤除率分别为1.142 4、3.804 5和4.430 4。水温8℃~24℃之间,毛蚶对巴夫藻的滤除率变化不明显,平均滤除率为2.797 2。毛蚶不仅对不同大小、形状的藻类具有选择性,而且对大小、形状相似的藻类也具有明显的选择性。水温22℃下,毛蚶对5种单胞藻的表观消化状况不同。贝类对其滤除率大、消化状况差的藻类在促进贝类净化进程中有良好的应用参考价值。

Abstract:Some experiments on adjusting density of hard clam(Meretrix meretrix) in pond culture were carried out on the basis of the relationship between growth and density.According to the density dependent equation,transporting of clam from one pond to others for sparse culture was applied when the clam grows.The result showed that the pond with the higher density(8 840 ind/m~2 and 680 g/m~2)of hard clam had higher gross and net production,total output value,net profit and the ratio of output to input than the ponds with lower density;and that in the pond with density 1 253 ind/m~2(1 724 g/m~2)was higher than the others with low density in the mode of sparse cultured density; but the average shell length,height,width,size and weight of the hard clams in the pond with lower density were better than those with higher clam density.This study showed that control of the hard clam density in cultured ponds should be a measure to raise the production,quality and value of products.

Abstract:The distribution and difference of K,Na,Fe,Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb and Cr in the anatomical parts(body muscle,pincers and leg food,gill,liver and pancreas) of adult male and female mitten crab were studied.Nutrition of minerals and pollution of heavy metals were evaluated.The results showed that K and Na contents were the highest,and Fe,Zn and Cu were higher than Cd,Pb and Cr.The significant differences for the content of same mineral in different anatomical parts ware found,but all of mineral contents are high in gill.Most mineral contents had no significant difference between the same anatomical parts of adult male and female crab,except for Cd,Cu,Na,K and Cr in gill and Cr in muscle.The mitten crab was found to be very good food source of minerals,but was severely polluted by Pb and Cd.

Abstract:比较了几种霉菌(毛霉、根霉、曲霉和青霉)在对数生长末期和稳定期末期的胞内和胞外甲壳素脱乙酰酶的活力。研究结果表明:(1)各霉菌的胞内和胞外都具有甲壳素脱乙酰酶活力,而且胞外酶的活力普遍大于胞内酶的活力;(2)处于对数生长期末期的毛霉菌株产甲壳素脱乙酰酶活力最高,其胞外酶活力达到了97.2±4.2 U/g干菌丝体。酶学特性研究表明:该酶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH约为7.2,低温保存稳定性较差,每24小时酶活力下降30%以上。

Abstract:对养殖大黄鱼5℃冷藏过程中品质变化特征及新鲜鱼、货架期终点时细菌相进行了定性和定量分析,用Gompertz方程定量描述了冷藏大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)细菌生长情况。新鲜大黄鱼菌落总数(TVC)为(5.52±0.41)log10cfu/g,挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)为(10.65±0.41)mg/100g,细菌相比较复杂,革兰氏阴性菌占84.3%,主要包括气单胞菌属(Aeromonasspp.)7.1%,不动杆菌属(Acinetobacterspp.)15.7%,弗氏柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter freundii)10.0%,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonasspp.)12.9%,嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia)18.6%,革兰氏阳性菌玫瑰小球菌(Micrococcus rose)7.1%。货架期终点216~264 h时,菌落总数为(7.63±0.28)log10cfu/g,挥发性盐基氮为(30.35±0.95)mg/100g。冷藏过程中细菌相发生很大变化,腐败希瓦氏菌(Shewanella putrefaciens)增殖比其他细菌快,货架期终点比例为86.0%。

Abstract:By statistic analysis of the aquaculture products supply from 1985 to 2004,the following characters are found: There appears rapid growth in the total output;The percentage of seawater aquaculture keeps rising;The trend of product similarity has not yet changed;The special products' outputs have been rising;The traditional farming districts like coastal areas and districts along the Changjiang River and the Zhujiang River are still the main farming areas.In the end,the essay discusses main problems existing in the Chinese aquaculture supply and production and its countermeasures.

Abstract:Cephalopod belongs to an important economic mollusk and also plays an important role in the marine ecological system.Its exploitation and utilization have been recognized in the world.In this paper,the current study about the population identification method for cephalopod has been discussed from the aspects of morphology,ecology,biochemistry and molecular genetics in details,the results show that the great progress has been made in the world.The traditional methods such as morphology and ecology have provided basic tools for identifying the cephalopod structure,in which the way based on statolith aging has become important.However,the application of biochemistry and molecular genetics has provided for the new ways.The results also indicate that the population identification for cephalopod may be combined with its basic biology,especially in taxology,history and migration.

Abstract:Here we used morphological discrimination analysis and RAPD analysis to study the phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity of three populations of Tegillarca granosa in Yueqing Bay Wenzhou area.The results showed as follows: (1) The phylogenetic relationship of Yueqing population and Korea population is closer than that of Yueqing population and Fujian population on molecular level, although the geography relationship of Yueqing population and Fujian population is much closer.A possible explanation is that the gene pool of Yueqing population was contaminated by Korea population.(2) However,the phylogenetic relationships of three populations,which are based on morphology data,consisted with the geography relationships.It shows that the degree of contamination of Korea population is not enough to change evidently the shell outline of Yueqing population.(3) From highest to lowest,the genetic diversity of three populations is Korea,Yueqing,and Fujian.Their average heterozygosity is(0.275 4),(0.257 5) and (0.247 3),and the average genetic distance of each population is 0.304 8,0.240 1 and 0.211 5,respectively.These also show that the genetic diversities of the three populations maintained high level.(4) There 4 specific bands appeared in Yueqing population using random primers S.418,(S.359) and S.431 PCR amplification,and they could be used as molecular markers of Yueqing population.

Abstract:研究两种温度下(6℃和17℃)壬基酚(4-NP)对雌鲫血清雌二醇(E2)水平的影响。对雌鲫(卵巢处于第Ⅲ期)腹腔注射100 mg/kg体重的4-NP,分别在24 h和48 h提取血清,采用荧光免疫法测定E2浓度。结果显示,在6℃和17℃条件下,4-NP均能使E2水平下降。在6℃条件下,4-NP处理组E2浓度在24 h与对照组比较有显著性下降(P<0.05),在48 h有极显著性下降(P<0.01)。在17℃条件下,对照组E2浓度与6℃条件下的对照组相比有极显著增加(P<0.01),4-NP处理组E2浓度和对照组比较,在24 h和48 h有极显著性下降(P<0.01)。结果表明,100 mg/kg 4-NP在两种温度下能有效降低血清E2水平,为4-NP对雌鲫内分泌扰乱效应的研究提供实验支持,而温度变化造成E2水平变化的幅度很大,因此,进行4-NP对鲫内分泌扰乱的研究应当考虑温度以及鲫性腺所处的发育期这两个因素。

Abstract:在基础饲料中分别添加0.0%(对照组)、0.3%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%壳聚糖,饲喂异育银鲫(体重46.20±3.56 g)二个月,测定鱼的生长与成活,进行嗜水气单胞菌的感染试验,并计算半致死量LD50。结果表明,不同浓度的壳聚糖均能极显著地提高鱼的增重,其中0.5%壳聚糖组增重率比对照组提高33.90%(P<0.01)。壳聚糖对鱼的成活率无显著影响。0.5%、1%壳聚糖组的异育银鲫对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗能力显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。壳聚糖在异育银鲫饲料的适宜添加量为0.5%。

Abstract:The annuli on scale,opercular,dorsal fin spine,vertebra and cleithrum of Tor(Folifer) Brevifilis Brevifilis Peter were observed carefully and also the age of the species was diagnosed on the basis of 316 specimens collected respectively from the Qingshui River and the Duliu River in Guizhou,China.The result shows that the annuli on scale,opercular,dorsal fin spine,vertebra and cleithrum of Tor(Folifer) Brevifilis Brevifilis were all different from one another.Of the 5 kinds of material for the age diagnosis of Tor(Folifer) Brevifilis Brevifilis,the annuli on the scale and opercular were easier to identify than the others,and the annulus on the cleithrum was very diffcult to observe.Age agreement based on the scale and opercular was 92.1%. The scales of Tor(Folifer) Brevifilis Brevifilis formed more annuli in May,August and October than any of the other months withina year.Among the 5 kinds of material,the scale is the best material for the age diagnosis of [WTBX]Tor(Folifer) Brevifilis Brevifilis and the opercular and dorsal fin spine both are important auxiliary material for the age diagnosis of the species.

Abstract:对圆背角无齿蚌的钩介幼虫寄生变态及稚贝发育过程进行了形态学观察和比较。实验表明:在水温(19.0±1.0)℃时,钩介幼虫需要约13天的寄生变态才能从鱼体脱落。圆背角无齿蚌在变态发育过程中其外部形态、内部器官、营养源发生了较大变化:成熟的钩介幼虫仅仅可以作简单的双壳开合运动;刚脱落的稚贝外部形态与幼虫相似,但已经可以依靠斧足进行爬行,并逐渐开始滤食;稚贝经过一段时间的生长,从幼虫壳内侧长出一对新壳,形态逐渐趋向于成贝,而幼虫壳则逐渐退化为壳顶。因此,圆背角无齿蚌的变态发育包括两个明显的阶段:第一阶段为寄生变态期;第二阶段为贝壳分泌期。