Abstract:实验测定了花的耗氧率和窒息点,并对耗氧率的昼夜变化规律以及体重对其窒息点的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在实验温度(10~25℃)条件下,花的耗氧率随温度的升高而增大,随体重的增加而降低;耗氧率(R0)与温度(T)和体重(W)的二元线形回归方程是:R0=0.022T-0.001W-0.05,复相关系数为0.926,F检验表明,花的耗氧率与温度和体重之间有极显著复相关关系;花的耗氧率具有昼夜节律性,耗氧高峰出现在凌晨3:00,低谷是在上午11:00;花的窒息点与体重显著相关,窒息点A(mg/L)与体重W(g)的相关关系表示为:A=0.2671W0.2801,随体重的增加而升高。

Abstract:

Abstract:在基础饲料中添加2.0μg/g亚硒酸钠、0.5μg/g硒酵母、0.3%β-葡聚糖和0.25%果糖,投喂100 d后,测定中华鳖红细胞数量和四个免疫指标的变化。主要结果为:(1)在红细胞数量方面,亚硒酸钠组、果糖组、硒酵母组显著高于β-葡聚糖组及对照组(P<0.05);(2)在红细胞C3b受体花环率和T淋巴细胞活性E花环率方面,四个试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(3)在红细胞天然免疫粘附肿瘤细胞花环率上,仅亚硒酸钠组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(4)在白细胞吞噬活性上,亚硒酸钠组显著高于β-葡聚糖及对照组(P<0.05),硒酵母组、果糖组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但β-葡聚糖组与对照组间差异不显著(P>0.05);(5)红细胞C3b花环率与T淋巴细胞活性E花环率间存在明显的正相关(P<0.01),表明中华鳖红细胞具有免疫调节作用。以上结果表明,在饲料中添加不同的免疫增强剂,能提高中华鳖血液中红细胞含量,增进免疫功能,从而提高对疾病的抵抗力。

Abstract:150 shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) were sampled from the same culture pond with different sizes and the total haemocyte counts(THCs),muscular SOD activity and lysozyme activity of the shrimp were studied.There is no significant interrelationship between lysozyme activity and body length or body weight,nor between THCs and body length or body weight respectively when the shrimp size scattered in the range from 5.5 cm to 11.3 cm or(1.822 g) to 17.555 g.But the muscular SOD activity of the shrimp is positively interrelated with body length and body weight with a coefficient(r) of 0.559 and 0.436 respectively.

Abstract:Plasmid pYH2555 was generated by exciting pBSK II with EcoR I and Hind III and inserting the promoter of gpd,EGFP gene and CaMV 35S terminator sequence from plasmid pBGgHg.Intermediate plasmid pYH2873 was made by digesting pCAMBIA1300 with EcoR I and Hind III and inserting the promoter of gpd,EGFP gene and CaMV 35S terminator sequence from pYH2555.Then pYH2873 was digested by Hind III and ligated to the trp3iar gene which was excited from plasmid pDB06.The plasmid pYH2873 was digested by EcoR I and Hind III, and electrophoresis of the digested products showed two fragments: 1.3 bp fragment and 9 kb fragment.The expression vector pSAGF was digested by Hind III,and electrophoresis of the digested products showed two fragments: 4 kb fragment and 10 kb fragment.Sequencing analysis showed that the recombinant plasmid was correct.Thus the pSAGF,a binary expression vector of V. volvacea,was constructed successfully.

Abstract:The taxonomy of Symphysodon is mainly based on morphology,however,there has been some disagreement on whether one species or two about this genus.In order to study the phylogenetic relationship of Symphysodon and probe into its taxonomy status on molecular level,we sequenced and compared 276 base pairs of mitochondrial D-loop gene sequences from S.aequifasciata aequifasciata,S.a.axelrodi and S.discus,phylogenetic trees were constructed with neighbor-joining method and unweighted pair group method and obtained the same topology.The results showed that: The genetic distance of the 276 bp D-loop gene sequence was 0.004-0.015 among individuals of S.discus;0.042-0.050 between S.a.aequifasciata and S.discus,0.034-0.038 between S.a.axelrodi and S.discus,and 0.050 between S.a.aequifasciata and S.a.axelrodi.The difference between two species of S.discus and S.aequifasciata was close to that of two subspecies between S.a.aequifasciata and S.a.axelrodi,which indicated that S.discus perhaps had not evolved to the level of species.

Abstract:Two populations of Takifugu rubripes domesticated in different places were analyzed with the Takifugu frbripes microsatellite marker and the pattern of each sample was obtained.Altogether 20 primers were used in this experiment,of which 16 primers were assessed for genetic diversity for 10 individuals.The PCR products were electrophoresed by 2% agarose gel,and the data like allelic frequencies and analyzed by statistic method.The results indicated:mean number of alleles were 1.875 0 and 2.437 5,PIC value(polymorphism information content)were 0.275 1 and 0.379 4 and the observed heterozygosity values over all loci were 0.025 and 0.200.All of these indices indicated that genetic diversity of Takifugu rubripes was not inspiring.

Abstract:采用冷冻干燥法，分别以羧甲基纤维素和淀粉为壁材，制备恩诺沙星微胶囊制剂。抗紫外和热稳定性试验表明：以羧甲基纤维素和淀粉为壁材的恩诺沙星微胶囊均有抗紫外和热稳定性能。其中，羧甲基纤维素与恩诺沙星、淀粉与恩诺沙星包埋质量比为1：1、1：2时，微胶囊表现出显著的抗紫外作用（P〈0．05）；羧甲基纤维素与恩诺沙星、淀粉与恩诺沙星包埋质量比为2：1、1：1、1：2时，微胶囊表现出极显著的热稳定性（P〈0．01）。羧甲基纤维素的抗紫外和热稳定性均优于淀粉，但差异不显著。

Abstract:野生型坛紫菜壳孢子苗经MNNG处理后,在它们的叶状体中,出现了许多色彩发生变异的细胞,大部分的变异细胞随后分裂形成块状的细胞块。用酶解法分离含绿色变异细胞块的叶状体的单离细胞,从细胞再生体中分离出一株绿色突变体。在叶状体活体吸收光谱特性方面,绿色突变体与野生型相比存在着明显的差异,3λmax和4λmax的峰顶分别向短波方向移动了约12 nm和3 nm。另外,绿色突变体的藻红蛋白和叶绿素a的含量下降,藻蓝蛋白的含量上升,表现出较低的PE/Chl.a和PE/PC比值,较高的PC/Chl.a比值。绿色突变体的生长和成熟均比野生型慢。

Abstract:Tench,Tinca tinca is one of the important economic fishes and a new species of fish of farming and stocking in inland waters in Beitun area,Xinjiang.The annual histological changes in ovary of tench were investigated.The result showed that the age of maturity of tench was 3-4-years old in Beitun area.The spawning season was from the last ten-day of May to July.In this period,the mature coefficient of ovaries was 11.50%-12.25%, with an average of 11.88%.The oogenesis was composed of five consequent phases.After spawning,few mature oocytes were re-absorbed subsequently in ovary and the ovary soon degenerated into stage II and remained in this stage from November to Match next year and began to develop again in the next April.According to the histology of oocytes and investigation of field works,tench should be classified into batch-spawing fish.

Abstract:Characteristics of embryo and Z_1 of Eriocheir sinensis females from 1~(st) and 2~(nd) brood have been investigated.Egg size,wet weight and dry material weight of every embryo in the 1~(st) brood are significantly higher than those of the 2~(nd)(P<0.05).There are no significant difference in water content between the two embryos(P>0.05).The water content of the two embryos increased as the embryos developed(P<0.05).Total lipid decreased gradually as the embryo developed,but only during the 2~(nd) time,it decreases obviously(P<0.05).Z_1 size,total lipid,CMI and PNR_(50) of the two times are significantly different(P<0.05).It indicates that the quality of Z_1 in 2~(nd) brood is not up to that of the first.

Abstract:采用改进的△pH法检测凡纳滨对虾组织碳酸酐酶活性,监测了环境盐度从5突变到25后对虾鳃和触角腺组织碳酸酐酶活性及其血淋巴渗透浓度的动态变化。结果表明:(1)鳃组织碳酸酐酶活性在盐度突变后4 d内没有显著变化,活性水平在(21.68±1.25)μmol CO2/(mg.min),第5~11天有显著性的增高现象,在第10天活性最高,为(43.03±2.82)μmol CO2/(mg.min),第12天回落至起始水平;(2)触角腺碳酸酐酶活性动态变化的模式与鳃相似,起始增高时间比鳃晚6 d;(3)触角腺碳酸酐酶活性显著增高起始的时间与鳃组织碳酸酐酶活性开始显著下降的时间有关联性;(4)在低盐度时,凡纳滨对虾属于强高渗调变生物。

Abstract:The feeding physiological parameters of main cultured bivalves Crassostrea gigas, Ostrea cucullata, Tegillarca granosa and Sinonovacula constricta were measured in Yueqing bay and Sanmeng bay by means of flowing natural sea water. The carbon budgets of four main bivalves were estimated according to energy balance principle. The result indicated that bivalves obtain carbon source by filtering organic grain, and then some parts were directly discharged as dejection, some parts were consumed by breathing, and a little was discharged by excretion, the remaining carbon namely the growth carbon which becomes the organism composition of the bivalves for its growth and development. In spring, the net growth rate of C. gigas, O. cucullata, T. granosa and S. constricta was 53.95% ,65.78% ,55.13% ,28.12%, and the ecological efficiency was 16.33%, 22.10%, 6.09%, 6.81% respectively. The assessment indicated that in spring of 2002, cultured bivalves in Yueqing Bay and Sanmen Bay taked POC from sea water reached as much as 44.43 t and 76.88 t per day; and consumed oxygen in sea water reached which 50.68 t and 96.93 t; excrete ammonia and nitrogen reached 4.35 t and 7.97 t. Dry weights of discharged dejection of the cultured bivalves in these two bays were even more than 370 t and 580 t.

Abstract:The data from the investigation of macrobenthos along the coast of Zhejiang where the artificial reef would be put in summer of 2003 are analyzed.118 species have been identified.According to the findings,the number of filose,mollusk and crustacean ocout for 41%,29% and 20% of the total species,respectively.The average biomass is 11.04 g/m~2 and the average inhabited density is 230 ind/m~2.Four communities are divided by using the methods of species similar clustering and dominance analysis.At the same time the disturbance of the community structure of macrobenthos in each station has been analysed by using the log-normal distribution of individuals among species,and the result shows that about 60% stations have been disturbed.

Abstract:根据2004年1-12月我国鱿钓船在东南太平洋海域茎柔鱼的生产统计和表温数据,按经纬度1°×1°的格式利用Marine Exlporer4.0软件,对其各月产量、平均日产量的分布以及与表温的关系进行分析。结果表明,1-7月产量主要集中在14°~17°S、80°~84°W海域,8-9月在9°~11°S、81°~83°W海域,12月在14°S以南海域。由此判断,作业渔场随月份进行西北-东南方向移动。全年都有较高的平均日产量,主渔汛为5-12月。作业渔场的适宜表温为18~22℃、24~25℃,其结果经过K-S检验。但适宜表温随季节发生变化。

Abstract:The water flow velocity in the suction pipe,which is crucial for evaluating the performance on pumping fish,can be measured by the pumped water flow rate of the riser in an air lift pump system.Several factors affecting the performance of water transportation were investigated through experimental methods in a water tank.Different designs involving six kinds of plane air injectors,two annular air injectors,five submergence ratios,three submergence depths and three sizes of riser were tested and water flow rates were recorded.Experiments on pumping live fish were also carried out.The results indicated that the D2 and D3 plane air injectors increased the pumped water flow rate due to its proper orifice distribution,but the difference between all plane air injectors was not distinct.The D6 annular air injector based on its ideal bubble size and distribution had the optimal capability for pumping water.Increasing the submergence ratio and the submergence depth or decreasing the diameter of the riser was determinant to improve the performance of the pump.Preferable capacity for pumping fish could be achieved while higher proportion of fish to water was kept in the fish-assembling device.

Abstract:采用Asl.398枯草蛋白酶制备蚯蚓肽,通过单因素与正交试验设计(L9(34)),以氨基氮数,多肽浓度为衡量指标,对最佳酶条件进行筛选研究,并分析了酶解液氨基酸含量和相对分子量的分布。结果表明:最佳酶解条件为pH 6.5、酶浓度为1%、温度50℃反应、时间8 h,在此条件下,酶解蚯蚓蛋白的水解液氨基氮数可以达到16.55 mmol/100 mL,水解液多肽浓度达9.22 mg/mL,酶解液分子量大部分是在5 000以下的多肽、小肽及氨基酸的混合物,其中分子量在220以下的占了72.09%,氨基酸组成平衡,含量丰富,可用来制取新型氨基酸微量元素及小肽添加剂。

Abstract:With the deepening study of sustainable development,the theory of ecological footprint(EF) has become a focus in the quantitative research of it.As a methodology for micro-analysis of EF,the component-based EF(CEF) can be used to estimate the consumption degree of resources in micro-units conveniently and visually,so as provide the theoretical foundation for the formulation of sustainable development strategy.In this thesis,the basic concept,way of classification,methodology,advantages and shortcomings of the CEF will be stated. Meanwhile,the difficulty in acquiring data and equivalences in China should be considered too.It is indicated that ecological footprint theory and component-based methodology will be wildely used in future.

Abstract:Macrozoobenthic invasion is a common phenomenon which appears throughout the world.Humans travel worldwide transporting materials from one continent to another.This enables many aquatic species to breach natural boundaries and invade environments in other regions and continents.With modern travel the number of species moving between different regions has increased considerably and so the number of successful aquatic invasions has increased.To be a successful invading species,there are some necessary traits.Mobility,small body size,adaptability and a high reproductive rate for example,would contribute to a successful cross-regional invasion.But the new host environment must fit some accommodating criteria.Environments that are depleted of their historical species due to human impact damage,may make little or no resistance to new organism invasions.German water bodies are under serious stress from human impact.Many water bodies are irreparably disturbed and some are now totally artificial habitats.These water bodies are a complex network of connecting rivers and canals that facilitate the spread of invasive macrozoobenthic species.Our literature research and our own investigations show that water bodies,rivers and streams that are under stress from human impact,or damaged by direct interference,are more vulnerable to aquatic invasive species alien to the local natural environment,than water bodies more closely aligned to their original,natural conditions.

Abstract:采用质子激发荧光分析方法(PIXE),对采自广西琼州海峡的一头29龄雄性抹香鲸(Physetermacrocephalus)遗骸的下颌齿齿质层作了元素测定。结果表明,测得的10个元素与Ca的平均相对含量中,以P、Zn、Sr等3个元素最高,与Ca的含量相差不到2个量级;Fe、Mn、K、S的含量中等,与Ca相差约3个量级;Ni、V、Cu等含量最低,比Ca要小约4个量级。在上述元素中,抹香鲸齿质对水中Zn的富集程度最大,达3个量级;P、Mn、Ni、Fe等次之,为2个量级;V、Cu等仅有不足百倍的富集程度;而Sr、S、K等则要比在水中小1~4个量级。除了V,抹香鲸齿质对海产动物(干质量)的其他9种元素都没有富集作用。文章还对抹香鲸不同年轮层内元素含量的变化状况与人类牙齿以及渤海江豚骨组织的元素含量作了比较。

Abstract:The study was conducted to determine the digestive tube index and the activities of some important enzymes.It was found that the relations between the weight of stomach,intestines,pancreas and body weight are positive correlation and correlation coefficient of power regression is highest.The activities of LDH,CK,GGOT,GPT and AKP are 3.4,11.2,6.6,2.4,4.8 times the upper limit of human,respectively.And the activities of GOT,GPT and AKP possess positive correlativity with each other.

Abstract:比较了同一养殖池中的感染白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)和未感染WSSV的凡纳滨对虾的肠道菌群,旨在探讨对虾肠道菌群与机体健康状态之间的关系。感染WSSV对虾肠道的细菌总数为1.06×106CFU/尾,显著高于未感染WSSV的对虾(1.78×105CFU/尾;P<0.05),且其肠道中的细菌分别属于弧菌属、气单胞菌属、海水球菌属、盐水球菌属和乳酸杆菌属;染WSSV的对虾(P<0.05),气单胞菌的比例显著的低于感染WSSV的对虾(P<0.05);盐球菌所占的比例两者之间差异不显著。结果显示,两种对虾在肠道菌群组成和细菌组成和细菌数量上存在显著的差异,初步表明对虾肠道菌群区系和机体的健康状态密切相关。

Abstract:The assay is designed to evaluate the effect of different adhering material on survival and growth rate of Cyclina sinensis larva in economic culture.Adhering assay is under the three states: using yellow sand,sea mud and without any adhering substance.We observed adhering amount and adhering rate of the young shellfish and survival of young shellfish after adhesion.We found that the sea mud is most suitable for adhesion.After that we evaluated the effect of different thickness of sea mud on young shellfish growth.The result shows: Sea mud is most suitable adhering substance in the economic cultivation Cyclina sinensis and the most suitable thickness of the sea mud for Cyclina sinensis larva growth is about 1mm.

Abstract:实验测定了花[鱼骨]的耗氧率和窒息点，并对耗氧率的昼夜变化规律以及体重对其窒息点的影响进行了研究。结果表明，在实验温度（10～25℃）条件下，花[鱼骨]的耗氧率随温度的升高而增大，随体重的增加而降低；耗氧率（R0）与温度（T）和体重（W）的二元线形回归方程是：R0=0．022T-0．001W-0．05，复相关系数为0．926，F检验表明，花[鱼骨]的耗氧率与温度和体重之间有极显著复相关关系；花[鱼骨]的耗氧率具有昼夜节律性，耗氧高峰山现在凌晨3：00，低谷是在上午11：00；花[鱼骨]的窒息点与体重显著相关，窒息点A（mg／L）与体重W（g）的相关关系表示为：A=0.2671W^0.2801，随体重的增加而升高。

Abstract:对高体革、鲈和鳜肌肉及内脏中的一般营养成分(水分、灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪)及脂肪酸和氨基酸组成进行了分析比较。结果表明:高体革内脏占鱼体重的32.90%,而其中脂肪含量高达87.06%;高体革肌肉及内脏中的水分、灰分和蛋白质含量都比鲈、鳜低,而脂肪含量明显高于鲈和鳜;对3种鱼的脂肪酸组成进行分析,共确定19种脂肪酸,其中20∶5ω3(EPA)和22∶6ω3(DHA)总量占鱼内脏比例最高的是高体革,达4.115%;高体革、鲈和鳜肌肉中的必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量最高的为高体革,达42.18%,氨基酸分(AAS)分别为116、75和73。