Abstract:用Stratagene技术构建了吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus,GIFT strain)肝cDNA文库。首先用TRIZOL法提取肝总RNA,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度检测,表明总RNA纯度高且完整性良好。然后分离纯化mRNA,合成双链cDNA之后,加EcoRⅠ接头、EcoRⅠ末端磷酸化、XhoⅠ消化,并用葡聚糖凝胶柱层析分级收集cDNA样品,得到300 mg cDNA,符合建库要求。双链cDNA与Uni-ZAP XR Vector连接后,用GigapackⅢGold Packaging Extract进行体外包装得到cDNA文库。测得的文库滴度为1.25×107pfu/mL,文库噬菌体的滴度符合文库保存和筛选实验的要求。随机挑选20个阳性单克隆噬菌斑进行PCR鉴定后,得出文库的重组率达100%,扩增出的片段主要集中在0.5~2 kb之间,平均插入片段长度约为1.05 kb,结果说明本实验所构建的cDNA文库质量较高。取扩增文库80μL进行体外切割,约含3.6×106个重组子,切割后phagemid量为2.0×106,切割效率为79.4%。经抽提质粒获得质粒DNA约1.2 mg。

Abstract:为了探讨甲状腺激素受体TRαA基因在牙鲆不同变态发育阶段中的表达差异,以及甲状腺激素T4和硫脲处理对TRαA基因表达的影响,采用了半定量RT-PCR法测定牙鲆不同发育阶段头部甲状腺激素受体TRαA mRNA水平。结果显示,牙鲆不同变态发育阶段甲状腺激素受体TRαA基因表达存在明显差异,从受精卵到变态期TRαA表达量呈缓慢增加趋势,到24日龄出现第一个表达高峰,随后表达量下降,30日龄之后随日龄增加表达量又逐渐增加,至变态高峰期38日龄出现第二个表达高峰,而且高于第一个表达高峰,至成鱼表达量再次下降至较低水平。甲状腺激素T4处理组和硫脲处理组与同日龄正常组相比,TRαA的表达也有明显差异,在甲状腺激素T4处理组中TRαA表达降低,而在硫脲处理组中TRαA表达反而增高。甲状腺激素T4对变态期牙鲆TRαA基因转录可能有下降调节作用。

Abstract:To test some presumed systematic classifications of sinipercine fishes,16S rDNA gene of some sinipercine fishes were PCR amplified and sequenced,a preliminary phylogenetic relationship of sinipercine fishes and some lower percoids was constructed using the homogenous sequences of 16S rDNA.The results showed sinipercine fishes was a monophyletic group,however,it didn't cluster with Serranidae and didn't show close relationships with Percichthyidae,Moronidae,Centropomii and Lateolabrax.Compared with the studied percoids, sinipercine fishes is a specialized freshwater group and lies at the top of the tree,which may support its rise as an independent family Sinipercidae.Our results may serve as a molecular base for further understanding the phylogeny of lower percoids.

Abstract:对西伯利亚鲟鱼在我国西部甘肃省酒泉市海马泉的驯养及生物学特性进行研究。平均体长220 mm、平均体重25 g的西伯利亚鲟鱼经180 d培育后,平均体长达到547 mm,日均增长1.79 mm,瞬时增长率平均0.498%;水温在16.7~24.7℃时,瞬时增长率保持在0.8%以上,水温19.9℃时,瞬时增长率为最高1.462%;平均体重达649 g,日均增重3.49 g,瞬时增重率平均1.81%;水温在16.7~24.7℃时,瞬时增重率保持在3%以上,水温20.6℃时,瞬时增重率为最高4.51%。拟合1龄西伯利亚鲟鱼体长与体重的关系为:W=0.000 4L3.5936(r2=0.998)其中b大于3,为异速生长,说明西伯利亚1龄鲟鱼体重增长快于体长增长。

Abstract:A total of 6 892 fish larvae and juveniles,representing over 50 species from 23 families,were collected by monthly seine net in the surf zone of the Yangtze River estuary from March 2004 to March 2005.The most dominant species,Coilia nasus,was accounted for 55.19%,and then Pseudolaubuca sinensis (16.99%),Liza haematocheila(10.94%),Tridentiger trigonocephalus(3.92%),Acanthogobius ommaturus(2.67%),Siniperca chuatsi(1.68%),Sillago japonica(1.68%),Acentrogobius pflaumii(0.99%),Periophthalmus modestus((0.99%)),Acanthogobius flavimanus((0.89%)). These 10 species were accounted for 96% in the total abundance.In the surf zone of the Yangtze River estuary,there were not only the fish larvae and juveniles of migrating fishes and estuary fishes,but also the fish larvae and juveniles of coastal marine fishes and freshwater fishes.And the number of species and mean density showed seasonal tendencies.According to the regulation of seasonal occurrences of fish larvae and juveniles in the surf zone of the Yangtze River estuary,some protective measure for fish larvae and juveniles resources were offered.

Abstract:根据1998-2000年长江口九段沙附近水域(30°~32°N,121°27′~122°30′E)丰水期枯水期6个航次的海洋调查资料,对长江口水域浅水Ⅲ型(网目孔径0.077 mm)和浅水Ⅰ型(网目孔径0.505mm)浮游动物生态特征的变动趋势进行了研究。结果表明:丰水期盐度与浮游动物总丰度有很显著的线性关系,总丰度随着盐度的增加而增加;枯水期盐度与总丰度的关系不明显。同一季节温度与总丰度之间的关系不明显,但从总丰度的季节变化可见,不同水温环境下总丰度的差异依然明显。各年多样性指数(H′)值均小于2;丰水期和枯水期大型浮游动物H′值无论涨潮还是落潮均要大于小型浮游动物。本调查水域浮游动物种类组成简单,种间分布不均匀,优势种突出,主要由淡水生态类型、河口半咸水生态类型、沿岸生态类型和外海生态类型的种类组成。

Abstract:Biological filtering is the core technology in maintaining the regular running of the high density of factory aquaculture.The well running filter will be effective in nitrification,which will be affected by different working parameters.Although there are some reports on biological filtering,all lack the research on the practical system directly.In this paper,the water treatment rates of floating bead biological filter under different conditions are compared.The results indicated that:(1) Without aeration,the nitrification efficiency of the floating bead biological filter is increased along with the reducing of the water influent;The removal rates of NH_4-N and NO~-_2-N are increased from 15.87% and 23.84% at 8 m~3/h influent to 38.85% and 71.37% at 2 m~3/h influent respectively;The best removal rate of COD is 10.33% when the influent reaches 4 m~3/h;Additionally,without aeration,the DO and pH of the outlet water from floating bead biological filter all have a little decrease.(2) Under the conditions with aeration,the water treatment efficiency also increased along with the reducing of the water influent;The removal rate of NH_4-N and NO~-_2-N are increased respectively from 6.45% and 51.45% at 8 m~3/h influent to 32.67% and 93.36% at 2 m~3/h influent;The best removal rate of COD reaches 12.20% when the influent is 4 m~3/h;The DO and pH of outlet water from the filter have some increase under these conditions with aeration.(3) The comparison of the conditions without aeration to the conditions with aeration indicates that the water treatment efficiency under conditions with aeration is superior to that without aeration.(4) The comparison of the water treatment efficiency under all conditions shows that the 6 m~3/h influent with aeration is the optimum working condition for fish cultivation.

Abstract:研究了不同温度、不同pH值和摄食后不同时间条件下西施舌胃蛋白酶的活性变化。结果表明:在pH为3.0时,西施舌胃蛋白酶最适温度为50℃,明显高于生理温度,酶活力达到最大(290.18±20.11)U;在温度为50℃下,最适pH值为2.6,酶活力达到最高,为(426.59±30.80)U,远低于生理pH;西施舌在摄食后,胃蛋白酶的活力有明显的提高,摄食后0.5 h西施舌胃蛋白酶的活力达到最大值(96.04±30.02)U,其后活力降低,但在摄食后4 h时,活力又有回升,之后又趋于最低值(43.06±6.69)U。

Abstract:通过对条石鲷胚胎发育和仔鱼发育形态的观察，确定了条石鲷早期发育的进程。条石鲷的受精卵为圆球形、透明、浮性，卵径为0．90～0．95mill，油球1个，卵裂为盘状卵裂。在水温23～24℃，盐度26～28的条件下，受精后7h 10mirh胚胎发育至原肠期；受精后12h，眼囊形成；受精后20h 30min，心跳开始搏动；受精后26h 30min仔鱼孵出。初孵仔鱼全长1．78～2．03min，至5日龄全长3．25～3．30min时，卵黄囊完全消失；至8～15日龄，全长3．50～4．97mm时，鳔形成；至18．20日龄，全长7．10～7．31min时，尾鳍鳍条发育完整。

Abstract:In this paper,the effects of artificial reef on the vertical 2-dimensional steady flow fields with free surface were quantitatively discussed with numerical methods.In view of the current velocity and the water depth investigated in the artificial reef area at Shengsi,the value U_(in) and the depth H could be taken as 0.7 m/s and 20 m respectively.The influencing range and the strength of the upwelling field intensify with the increase of the reef height,and the range of the eddy behind reef has the similar features to the range of the upwelling strength.The average production and marginal production of upwelling field and eddy field reaches at the appropriate 0.1 ratio of the reef height to the water depth,after this,weakening with the increase of reef height.

Abstract:Isoline drawing is one of the important methods of environmental factor visualization.According to the distribution characteristics of ocean environmental information such as SST and chlorophyll,which can be obtained in the form of two dimensional matrix,regular triangle network can be directly established and the original isoline can be generated in the triangle network.The module of isoline generating was formulated by the development tool Visual C .In order to smooth the original isolines,new key points were repeatedly appended to erase sharp angles of the isolines with the original value points maintained.Then,the smoothing process was further analyzed and an SST isoline chart drawn by this means was given.At last,the difference between this method and the one used in ArcView was also presented.

Abstract:In order to protect the marine fishery resources,maintain the fisheries economy sustainable development and reduce the negative effect on the social stability in coastal region,fishery administration and local coastal government have carried out the transferring fishermen's job policy in the past four years.The advantages and disadvantages of the the scrap scheme of fishing vessels,the training policy to fishermen,deration measures of fishery tax,and the project support of fishery industry were firstly analyzed.Secondly,the issue of social security and rights protection to the fishermen was discussed.Lastly,many rational proposals were put forward as follows:(1)formulating the overall layout and implementing,special rights may be carried out in the specific region.(2)continuing public subsidy policy.(3) constituting the fishermen endowment insurance.(4)fulfilling the fishery right and protecting the fisherman rights and interests.

Abstract:介绍了一种复杂基质的食品中甜蜜素的快速气相色谱检测方法(GC-FID)。样品通过水提取后离心,用正己烷对提取液进行净化。取25 mL水相,先后加入5 mL 50 g/L的亚硝酸钠和5 mL 100 g/L的硫酸,密闭冰浴衍生0.5 h。经GC/MS定性,最终衍生产物为环己烷亚硝酸酯。对于10 g样品的检测限为1.5 mg/kg(信噪比>3.0),4个水平添加甜蜜素的回收率,范围为62.55%~106.71%,平均回收率为(80.89±9.63)%,平均变异系数为12.10%。本方法满足复杂样品中的低浓度的甜蜜素监测。

Abstract:提取草鱼鱼鳞中卵磷脂,研究提取时间、温度、乙醇浓度及料液比等对卵磷脂提取率的影响,对草鱼鱼鳞中卵磷脂的提取工艺条件进行初探。以草鱼鱼鳞为原料,乙醇溶液为萃取剂,提取卵磷脂。提取时间、温度、乙醇浓度及料液比对卵磷脂提取率均有影响,由正交试验结果分析发现乙醇浓度是影响卵磷脂提取率的主要因素。通过正交试验,确定了提取卵磷脂的最佳工艺条件:提取温度为25℃,提取时间为1 h,料液比为1∶20(mL/g),乙醇浓度为85%。

Abstract:The evolution of the idea of the individual transferable quota(ITQ) system was introduced in the first part of the paper.And then under the neo-classic assumptions,the efficiency of ITQ system and its mechanism to correct the distortion of the efficiency of utilization on the fisheries resources under open access system were discussed in detail in the second part of the paper.ITQ system was proved to be efficient under such assumptions.In the third part of the paper,transaction costs of ITQ system and their influence on its efficiency were analyzed on the basis of the neo-classic equilibrium,and the following conclusions were reached that the existence of transaction costs can not only cause deflection of quantity and price of quotas from Pareto efficient level,but also offset the benefits of the system.So practical methods to reduce transaction costs of the system have to be found in order to adopt it in China.

Abstract:罗非鱼属鲈形目(Perciformes),丽鱼科(Cichlidae),约有700种,主要分布于非洲。按照Trewavas[1]分类法,可把罗非鱼分为3个属,即Tilapia属、Sarotherodon属和Oreochromis属。目前,有生产应用价值的主要是Oreochromis属的尼罗罗非鱼(O.niloticus)、奥利亚罗非鱼(O.aureus)以及莫桑比克罗非鱼(O.mossambicus)[2]。罗非鱼具有生长快、食性杂、繁殖快、产量高和味道鲜美而少刺等优良特征,近年来,全球罗非鱼养殖产量逐年递增,现已成为世界性主要养殖鱼类之一。这就迫使人们不断对养殖罗非鱼进行遗传改良,以防其种质退化。当前,国内外除了人工选…

Abstract:数量性状是一个多世纪以来遗传学研究的主要对象之一,因为它是许多重要作物,畜牧和人类的重要性状。最早的工作是在孟德尔定律重新发现之前由Galton[1]开展的。但长期以来,开展数量性状研究主要借助于统计学手段。20世纪80年代,尤其是90年代以来,RFLP,RAPD,AFLP,微卫星,SNP等DN

Abstract:标志放流（tagging）技术是一种研究鱼类洄游和鱼类资源的方法，先在鱼体做上标志，然后通过重新捕获标志鱼，根据标志放流记录和重捕记录，绘制鱼类标志放流和重捕的分布图，以推测鱼类游动的方向、路线、范围和速度等；若进一步结合鱼体长度、重量和年龄资料，则可研究鱼类的生长和死亡规律，以及检验增殖放流的效果等。此外，根据鱼类标志放流的结果还可估算鱼类种群数量的变动。我国的鱼类标志技术研究起步较晚，有关报道较少，因此，开展这方面的工作非常迫切。本文对鱼类标志方法的研究进展予以综述，以期促进我国鱼类标志技术的应用与发展。

Abstract:鱼类染色体的制作方法最常用的是PHA体内培养肾细胞制片法，对野外没有良好设备的情况，此法尤为适用，但这种方法要求剖杀鱼，不利于鱼种的保存，尤其是对稀有鱼类和种鱼不太合适。因此建立一种一般实验室能够开展的方便稳定的染色体制片方法势在必行。大量研究证实采用鱼类外周血淋巴细胞培养制备染色体的方法能有效地解决这些问题 。本研究以罗非鱼为材料，对鱼类外周血淋巴细胞培养条件进行了探索，初步建立了能够制备优质染色体制片的方法，为进一步研究染色体的结构、基因定位、荧光原位杂交等奠定了基础。

Abstract:研究发现,在进入卵巢快速发育期后,斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)卵巢中甘油三脂(TG)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)和磷脂酰胆碱(PC)含量都有所升高,而与此同时,肝胰腺中的脂类(主要是TG及PC)含量却下降[1]。这说明,在卵母细胞发育期间,肝胰腺中有一部分脂类转运到了卵巢。由于脂类不溶于水,

Abstract:圆背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana pacifica)录属软体动物门,瓣鳃纲,蚌科,无齿蚌属,俗称河蚌或菜蚌。贝壳大型,外形呈有角突的卵圆形,壳质薄,易碎。它是底栖肉食性鱼类、禽类的天然饵料,亦可为家畜、家禽的饲料[1]。近年来,特别在我国东部一些发达地区,圆背角无齿蚌被开发为食用

Abstract:鱼类消化酶的研究一直是鱼类消化生理的重要研究内容。鱼类对营养物质的消化吸收主要取决于鱼类消化酶的活性。消化酶活性的提高,可以促进鱼类对营养物质的消化吸收,进而促进鱼类的生长。关于鱼类消化酶的研究国内外学者做过很多工作,就影响鱼类消化酶活性的因素做过很详细的探

Abstract:二十世纪多次渔业资源调查结果表明,南海北部近海的渔业资源已被充分利用,开辟新渔场是减轻南海北部渔业资源所承受的捕捞强度,提高海洋捕捞产量和经济效益的重要途径。随着目前近海海域渔业资源的衰退,捕捞压力必将逐渐由近海向外海以及南沙群岛海域转移。“开发南沙,渔业先行

Abstract:我国是世界主要的渔业国家之一,水产资源丰富,水产品种类繁多,营养价值高,深受消费者的喜爱,因此充分利用我国水产资源、发展水产生产、提高水产品企业的科技含量、增强水产品企业的核心竞争力,已引起了各界的重视。但在现阶段我国水产品企业中,传统的库存管理模式对企业的发展