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Abstract:在基础饲料中分别添加0.5×10-6酵母硒、0.1%花粉、0.5×10-6酵母硒+0.1%花粉的混合物,投喂中华鳖幼鳖90d后。测定幼鳖的生长和血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH PX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、T淋巴细胞转化率、自然杀伤细胞(NK)活性。同对照组相比,0.5×10-6酵母硒+0.1%花粉组能显著促进中华鳖的生长(P<0.05),0.5×10-6酵母硒组与0.1%花粉组的日增重率均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组间成活率无差异(P>0.05)。0.5×10-6酵母硒组NK细胞活性以及血清中SOD酶和GSH PX酶的活力分别比对照组高了156.06%、44.7%、47.5%(P<0.05)。0.1%花粉组、0.5×10-6酵母硒+0.1%花粉组血清中GSH PX酶的活力分别比对照组高了39.9%、32.9%(P<0.05),但两组的SOD酶活力与对照组相比均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。0.5×10-6酵母硒组以及0.1%花粉组的T淋巴细胞转化率均比对照组高,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。0.1%花粉组的NK细胞活性也比对照组高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。0.5×10-6酵母硒+0.1%花粉组能显著增强中华鳖T淋巴细胞转化率及NK细胞活性(P<0.05)。

Abstract:以闽香鳢及其亲本乌鳢和斑鳢为材料,取头肾做3种鱼的染色体组型图,发现闽香鳢染色体数为45,是亲本配子染色体数之和;通过染色体组型分析发现闽香鳢的染色体组型公式为2n=3m 6sm 36st,t,臂数NF=54,个别染色体可分辩出其来源。研究表明,闽香鳢遗传了其父本、母本各一套的染色体(n),是斑鳢与乌鳢的杂交种;染色体数和闽香鳢1号特异染色体可做为闽香鳢的鉴定指标。随机取样发现子一代闽香鳢存在性腺发育Ⅲ期以上的雌性个体,而未发现有性腺成熟的雄性个体,可能存在雄性不育。

Abstract:在水温27～29℃、气温27～31℃和海水盐度为16的环境条件下人工孵化瘤背石磺的卵块,根据早期发育的形态变化将其划分为胚胎发育(包括卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、卵内担轮幼虫、卵内面盘幼虫)和幼虫发育(包括开口期、大面盘幼虫、附着期、匍匐幼虫)两个阶段。受精卵发育至卵内担轮幼虫需要51h,胚胎发育89h后变态为卵内面盘幼虫,第7天面盘幼虫孵化出卵,直径增大1倍;第23天幼虫变态为匍匐幼虫,虫体直径为受精卵的4倍。分析认为,瘤背石磺的胚胎发育具备典型的不等全裂、螺旋卵裂特征,幼虫为典型的腹足纲面盘幼虫形态;温度对胚胎发育时间影响显著而充气可以加速幼虫孵化出卵;面盘幼虫需要有适宜的潮间带环境和饵料(如底栖硅藻)才可以正常附着变态。

Abstract:Study on the ultrastructure of macro-algae is very important part in the basic and application study of algae. The ultrastructure of the zoospore, gamete, zygocyte, zoosporangia of M. latissimum was studied in this paper. The ultrastructure of Monstroma's cells closely correlated with their physiology function in the life-history. For example, the number of starch grains was changing in different life-history stage, the adherent function of mucilage occurred in early stage of zygote, the thick wall of sporangium was useful to resist bad environment. In the classification of the Monostroma complex, the ultrastructure and number of pyrenoids in the chloroplast were also taken as one of the taxonomic characteristics which are important supplement to conventional life-history and other morphology distinguishing characteristics. In every stage of life-history of M. latissimum there was one pyrenoid in each cell, the pyrenoid matrix was traversed by 2 or rarely 3 curved bounds of thylakoids. There were 3-4 or more pieces of starch plates covered the surface of the pyrenoid matrix. According to this pyrenoid ultrastructural characteristics, M. latissimum could be distinguished from other species of Monostroma.

Abstract:报道了2004年9月采自江苏镇江的鲤科鱼类一新种;镇江片唇Platysmacheiluszhenjiangensissp.nov.。新种的口唇结构等性状近似于长江上游的裸腹片唇P.nudiventrisLo,YaoetChen,但区别是侧线鳞和鳃耙数少、吻较短、肛门位置近腹鳍基等。

Abstract:将繁殖季节顺产出的鲢卵从未受精卵开始到出膜后45d的鱼苗进行连续切片,观察其性分化。经观察,鲢苗出膜后24d在腹腔上皮的下方清晰可见性腺原基。出膜后34d则已明显性分化,雄性生殖嵴之体细胞增殖,与性细胞一起突向体腔,以柄状精巢系膜连于腹膜上皮;雌性生殖嵴之体细胞增殖,沿腹膜上皮横向伸展。用口服甲基睾丸酮(MT)的方法,设3个梯度(15×10-6、30×10-6、45×10-6)对鲢雌核发育苗进行性转,结果以出膜后3～4d的鱼苗口服MT(30×10-6),连续投喂50d,转雄效果较好,鱼苗能正常摄食药饵,成活率可达79.2%。

Abstract:Litopenaeus vannamei(body weight of 0.084g)were fed on basal diet with 0.0%,0.1%,0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%,2.5% of the peptides for 37 days respectively, with basal diet as the control. Activities of protease and amylase of hepatopancreas, stomach and the intestine of Litopenaeus vannamei were measured. The result showed that the peptides had no significant effect on the activities of tryptase in the hepatopancreas(P>0.05). Activities of pepsin of the stomach and the hepatopancreas and activities of tryptase and amylase of the stomach and the intestine in 1.0% group and 1.5% group were significantly higher than that of the control(P>0.01). The activity of amylaes of the hepatopancreas in 1.5% group was notably significantly higher that of the control(P>(0.05)).

Abstract:测定生化环、沸石、生化石和碎石4种滤料的去除氨氮效果。结果显示,单位体积滤料去氨氮效果以沸石最佳[4.19mg/(h·L)],生化环和生化石去氨氮能力基本相同,两者分别为3.60mg/(h·L)与3.58mg/(h·L),效果最差的碎石仅为2.09mg/(h·L);若以单位质量滤料表示其去氨氮能力,则不同滤料的去氨氮能力差异显著,其中生化环去氨氮能力最强[5.29mg/(h·kg)],其次为生化石,其去氨氮能力为4.07mg/(h·kg),沸石的去氨氮能力较差[1.95mg/(h·kg)],仅为生化环的37.0%,碎石的去氨氮能力最差[0.87mg/(h·kg)],为生化环的16.4%。

Abstract:The food safety of cultured fish became the focus with the development of aquaculture. Requirements set by FDA that all fishery products must be produced according to HACCP principles. To prevent the disadvantage of fish during the aquaculture process is the critical point to improve the quality of fish. This paper studied the possibility of application of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) principles in recirculating aquaculture workshop. The HACCP group judged the critical control point (CCP) by CCP judging-tree. The results showed that it is possible to apply HACCP to the recirculating aquaculture system. The survival rate of stocking fish was up to 99% and the food conversion rate (FCR) was 1.14.

Abstract:The conceptions of clean water breeding and microalgae water breeding were developed and their characteristics and the precautions to be taken when applied to crab breeding were also discussed in this paper. In addition, the factors affecting the metamorphosis rate of early stages in crab zoea and the corresponding countermeasures were also analyzed. The causes to the different metamorphic rates of Z_1 by using Thalassiosira sp. or Nannochloropsis oculata as starter food in the breeding were compared and the causes to the high mortality of Z_2 and the precautions were analyzed. The results suggested that it be necessary to maintain the concentration of Thalassiosira sp. to achieve the high metamorphosis rate from Z_1 to Z_2 and Z_2 to Z_3 and to save the cost for the growth of harmful algae in the breeding waters were also analyzed. A complete comparison of two breeding methods in the Z_1 metamorphosis rate, production cost and stability etc. was conducted which was of great significance to the guidance of breeding of Eriocheir sinensis.

Abstract:Field experiments showed that the co-cultivation of pearl mussels and fishes formed a new biocoene composed of filamentous algae, protozoa, porifera,coelenterate and bryozoa on the rope, net, floats and shells. A new biocoene formed in the water 20-40 cm under the surface. The investigation showed increases of algae species and groups, which represented an increase of biodiversity. The algae fond of high nitrogen and phosphorus decreased, while those fond of high iron, magnesium, zinc and low nitrogen and phosphorus increased. It effectively reduced nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand in the water by 67.3%, 73.2%, 38.1% and 15.5%, respectively, from May to September when the water eutrophication was developing. This changed the transparency and nutrition levels of the water, and meanwhile the products, such as pearl, shellfish meat and shell, etc. could be caught. This is an economical and effective way to control water eutrophication.

Abstract:根据1998年8月东海调查资料,计算了长江口及邻近海域磷酸盐的再生量和垂直通量,并运用垂直扩散-对流模式计算磷酸盐再生速率。研究海域垂直流速分别为ω1=1×10-3cm/s和ω2=5×10-3cm/s时,磷酸盐的再生速率分别为6.10μmol/(L·a)和30.51μmol/(L·a),磷酸盐在水体中的平均停留时间分别为27.61d和5.51d。磷酸盐的平均再生量为0.74μmol/L,再生的磷酸盐成为浮游植物所需磷的主要来源,是该海域夏季磷酸盐的主要补充途径之一。磷酸盐的再生量和再生速率在沿岸水域比外海要大,呈现由近海向外海逐渐减小的趋势。长江口及邻近海域典型上升流区磷酸盐的平均垂直通量为50.16mg/(m2·d),非典型上升流区磷酸盐的平均垂直通量为10.03mg/(m2·d)。

Abstract:根据1995-2002年西北太平洋柔鱼的产卵场和索饵场表温及其生产统计数据,对其表温的年间变动及其与资源丰度的关系进行探讨。在20°～30°N、140°～170°E产卵场海域,1995-1997年表温相对较低,而1999年偏高,1998年和2000-2002年则处在中间水平。在39°～45°N、150°E以西索饵场海域,2002年表温处在较低水平,1998-2000年偏高,1995-1997和2001年处在中间水平。在39°～45°N、150°～165°E索饵场海域,1995、1997和2002年表温较低,1998-2000年偏高,1996和2001年处在中间水平。灰色关联表明,产卵场和索饵场的表温及距平均值均对柔鱼资源丰度影响较为显著,其关联度均在0.5以上。资源丰度与距表温平均值的多元线性模型为:在150°E以西海域,CPUE=1.0700+1.6840T1+2.7596T2-2.3177T3;在150°～165°E海域,CPUE=2.5311-1.5226T1+0.1519T2+0.6720T3。

Abstract:Silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix meat was selected as material, and its odor components was extracted and determined by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), meanwhile the SPME fiber was coated with polydimesiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB). The results showed that SPME could be effective in volatiles analysis of silver carp meat, and 48 volatile components were identified from 49 compounds by comparing their mass spectra with those contained in the NIST mass spectral database,the molecular weight of most of these compounds in 90-250MW,and most of them were carbonyl and alcohols compounds. The relative amounts of these carbonyl and alcohols were 88.23% of total volatiles, and the relative amounts of 1-Nonen-3-ol is the greatest, i.e. 18.95%, the odors of 1-Nonen-3-ol show earth and mushroom, next is aldehydes, for example hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal etc. the odors of these compounds show offensive smell, and the freshwater fish contain these compounds.

Abstract:The paper illustrates the function, UI(User Interface), structure and key technology of the Extruder CAD system, which is based on Solidworks. The whole system is encapsulated in a menu of Solidworks. And after some parameters, such as power and rotational speed are imported through UI(User Interface), the system will automatically complete the design of extruder, including the whole process of design of the extruder case, system of pulley transmission and reducer transmission. Then 3D models and engineering drawings of parts or assembly can be exported according to the choice of user. The realization of the automatically 3D modeling adopted the idea of being driven by dimension primarily and being driven by program secondarily. Visual C develops the program of the system, and it can be compatibly added to Solidworks as dll (dynamic linkage library). Combined with functions of 3D modelling, design and assembly of Solidworks, the efficiency, precision and quality of design of extruder are greatly improved.

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