Abstract:

Abstract:

Abstract:With the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis method, forty ten-base arbitrary primers of OPJ and OPM groups were used to study the genetic variability among geographic stocks of Hyriopsis cumingii from the five large lakes of China: Po-yang Lake (PY), Dong-ting Lake (DT), Tai Lake(TH), Chao Lake (CH) and Hong-ze Lake (HZ), and one cultured stock from Zhuji City (ZJ) of Zhejiang Province. The amplified results of twelve primers showed abundant polymorphy, and the percentage of polymorphy with each primer amplified varied 55.6% to 80%. The intra-stock genetic similarity indexes ranked as PY(0.888 9)>TH (0.869 4)> DT ((0.811 1))> ZJ (0.774 6)> HZ(0.734 8)> CH(0.718 5). Based on inter-stock genetic distance indexes and molecular phylogenetic tree, we can conclude that the phylogeny relation between DT and HZ stocks is closest, and the cultured stock from ZJ is relatively close to the cluster of PY and CH stocks.

Abstract:Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to analyse the DNA diversity of Monostroma nitidum, M. latissimum and M. angicava. The size of genomic DNA of each species was about 23 kb. 43 primers screened from 88 random primers generated repeatedly clear polyotripic bands in all samples, and the proportion was 48.86%. The polymorphic sites proportion of M. nitidum, M. latissimum and M. angicava were 53.14%, (65.28%) and 55.93% respectively. The inter-species genetic distances among those species (M. nitidum, M. latissimum and M. angicava) were 0.411 8, 0.414 8 and 0.437 5 respectively. The result showed that these samples coming from three different marine area were the same genus but different species. Those were consistent with the conventional systemic identification. The molecular phylogenetic tree constructed by UPGMA method coincided with that constructed by NJ method. The result also indicated that the genetic relationship between M. latissimum and M. nitidum was the nearest, that between M. latissimum and M. angicava was farther, and that between M. nitidum and M. angicava was the farthest. The result also testified the fact that M. nitidum and M. latissimum shared more common characteristics in morphology, while M. angicava shared less common characteristics in morphology with M. nitidum and M. latissimum.

Abstract:连续观察了7批白斑狗鱼胚胎及卵黄囊期仔鱼的发育状况并进行比较分析。结果显示:(1)白斑狗鱼在水温7～13℃时,胚胎期需248h,有效积温100～120℃·d;水温11～13℃时,卵黄囊期需10d,有效积温110～130℃·d。(2)白斑狗鱼出膜前期可见眼球色素、出膜期可见体色素。白斑狗鱼胚胎卵黄囊表面有许多小油滴分布。白斑狗鱼出膜前期胚体头尾绕卵黄囊超过一周。(3)白斑狗鱼胚胎颜色随着发育进程由起始的淡黄色转为绿黄色,最终出膜前转变为棕褐色。胚胎发育不同步,仔鱼出膜数百分比第1天、第2天、第3天、第4天分别是20%、50%、20%、10%,为避免互相残食,对分批出膜的仔鱼即使是同批受精卵也应分开饲养。

Abstract:大鲵人工繁殖子一代雄鲵与野生雄鲵在体重均为3.25kg时,肥满度分别为0.6115和0.5483;在全长均为65cm时,肥满度分别为0.9103和0.7280,因此子代雄鲵比野生雄鲵略显肥短。进行二次催产率试验,野生雄鲵催产率为28.6%～37.5%,1998年子一代雄鲵催产率为75%～80.2%,1999年子一代雄鲵催产率为72.2%,子代比野生代催产率显著高(P<0.05)。在体重相同时,子代雄鲵精液量比野生雄鲵精液量多20%～40%,最大精液量一尾雄鲵可挤30～40mL,精子密度子代比原种稍高,最高密度为(5.52～8.3)×106ind/mL,精子体积占精液的8.0%～13.3%。pH值均为弱酸性或中性(6.4～7.1);精子大小为(170～210)μm×(3.8～4.5)μm。

Abstract:232 specimens were used to observe larval development and morphology of Dentex tumifrons from 4th to 37th day after hatchery (average 3.1-7.7 mm SL). Morphological characters of fin development and pigmentation were illustrated in detail. The pigmentation appeared at dorsal edge of the tail and the ventral pigmentation developed with growth,which was one of the main characteristics in the larval stage for this species. The caudal and pectoral finfolds were observed after hatchery. Their rays were found on 26th and 33rd day, respectively. The dorsal and anal fin rays were found on 28th day, and their spines were observed on 33rd day. The pelvic finfolds did not appear until the 33rd day and its fins were formed on 35th day. The appearance of 2 large and sharp spines at lower angle of external edge of the preopercle is also the symbol of the larval Dentex tumifrons. The early development of this species reared is slower than that of the ones living in natural waters.

Abstract:The author studied the artificial inducement for spawning,the hatching of fertilized egg, the bait series selection, the zoology temperament of larva fish,juvenile and young fish of Inimicus japonicus,also conducted the consecutive observation of the embryo growth of Inimicus japonicu. The research for artificial breeding acquired (110.25) thousand young Inimicus japonicus after 35 days, the average hatching rates of fertilized egg was (62.9%),the average survival rate of breeding was 30.2%, by artificial hastening in using the hormone LRH-A and HCG,hatching of fertilized egg in artificial and breeding to the young fish.The result shows the hatching rate of Inimicus japonicus fertilized eggs will increase with the increasing of the seawater salinity; rotifer,artemia and copepodid are high quality bait series; larva fish,juvenile and young fish have two death peak periods, and quality of water is a main factor influencing the survive rates of breeding.

Abstract:采取高效液相色谱(HPLC)与质谱(MS)连用技术研究呋喃唑酮[3 (5 硝基糠醛缩氨基) 2 唑烷酮]及其主要代谢产物3 氨基 2 唑酮(AOZ)在罗非鱼体内的残留规律。该方法对呋喃唑酮及其代谢物AOZ的检出限分别为10μg/kg、1μg/kg。给罗非鱼投喂剂量为30mg/(kg·d)的呋喃唑酮药饵7d.结果表明,罗非鱼肌肉中呋喃唑酮和AOZ的含量分别在停药6h后和停药"零时"达到最高,分别为413.00±91.68μg/kg、31.15±9.68μg/kg,24h后呋喃唑酮含量就低于检出限,而肌肉中AOZ的含量在528h后才低于1μg/kg。鱼肌肉中呋喃唑酮和AOZ的消除半衰期分别为9.34h、38.2h,平均消除速率分别为22.7μg/(kg·h)、0.058μg/(kg·h)。由实验结果可以看出,鱼肌肉中呋喃唑酮代谢很快,而AOZ却很难消除。考虑到呋喃唑酮的代谢物AOZ在罗非鱼体内不容易消除,在本实验条件下,建议给罗非鱼投喂呋喃唑酮药饵的停药期至少在22d。

Abstract:根据1998-1999年东海区虾蟹类资源调查所获的日本资料,以渔获密度表示调查海域日本资源分布的数量指标,定量描述了日本在东海调查海域的数量分布。并根据同年逐月生物学测定资料进行了日本生物学特性的分析研究。结果表明:日本主要分布在31°00′N以北的大沙、长江口渔场,在31°30′N以南很少有分布,底质为沙或泥沙质。高密集区出现在20～30m水深海区,年间最高渔获密度达363.06kg/km2,常年可以进行生产作业,但以秋冬季数量最多,渔获优势甲宽组为45～75mm,雄蟹略大于雌蟹,雌雄蟹周年性比为1∶0.82,繁殖盛期为5-8月,最小抱卵个体甲长为35mm,甲宽为50mm,体重为25g。最后,提出了规定日本最小可捕规格甲宽为50mm,对于甲宽小于50mm者禁止销售,同时应考虑设立禁渔期等合理利用日本资源,加强人工育苗繁殖技术研究、开展增殖放流等有关建议。

Abstract:2001年对黑龙江中游施氏鲟155尾进行种群生态学特征研究。捕捞群体结构特征为:全长平均为153.9(105～232)cm,体重平均为17.07(5.95～62.65)kg,年龄平均为16.9(8～29)龄,全长体重相关关系W=6.9614×10-6L2.9281,性比为1:1.8,绝对生殖力平均为433496.7(6200～1318350)粒,相对生殖力平均为11173.3(6893～15694)粒/kg,卵径平均为3.65(3.0～4.5)mm,成熟系数平均为22.49%(12.5%～33.3%);捕捞群体数量为620尾,计12t。调查结果表明,黑龙江中游的施氏鲟资源呈逐渐下降的趋势。

Abstract:Deriving from Kuroshio, the warm currents are important sources of heat energy for the East China Sea, especially in winter. Their strengths will greatly influence the structure of temperature of the sea and affect further the variation and development of the ecosystem. By analyzing temperatures and fronts of the warm currents in the East China Sea in the winter of 2003, and comparing them with the situations in different years, it can be seen that the strengths of Kuroshio, Taiwan warm current and Tsujima warm current are nearly their highest in history, while the Yellow-sea warm current is only slightly stronger than the average. And the comparison of the temperature of the Jiangsu offshore waters in this winter with its temperatures in different years shows little difference from average, and it fluctuated with the climate severely. Therefore, the stronger warm currents only affected the surrounding areas and did not spread to offshore waters. The cross-correlation analyses indicate that Kuroshio impacts Tsushima warm current and Taiwan warm current acutely, but touches little on Yellow-sea warm current and offshore waters. And the temperature of Kuroshio varies with the temperature in the tropical Western and Central Pacific Ocean.

Abstract:根据2003年9-11月在印度洋西北海域鸢乌贼资源的探捕生产情况,分海区初步分析了海洋环境因子与中心渔场之间的关系。调查表明,10月中下旬中心渔场分布在15°～16°N、61°E附近海域,平均日产均在5t以上。中心作业渔场处在冷水涡的边缘海域,其温盐结构如下:表温为27～29℃,盐度为35.96～36.03,0～100m的温度梯度为0.07℃/m,100～200m的温度梯度为0.04℃/m。100m的水温、盐度范围分别为19.5～23℃、35.70～35.80。各海域的作业渔场,其最适表温不同。在2°N～14°N海域,高产量出现在表温26.4～27.0℃间海域;在14°N～18°N海域,高产量出现在26.7～29.0℃间海域。

Abstract:以碟形网箱浮环上的法兰所承受的剪应力来衡量浮环的安全性能。指出了法兰最危险的受剪情况,通过对网箱的力学分析和计算,分别得出单张纲和双张纲连接系统中法兰所受剪应力的理论计算公式。对目前应用的12边形碟形网箱进行了计算,得出法兰两端面所受剪应力在单张纲连接系统中同为5.74×107N/m2,在双张纲连接系统中(γ=45°)则分别为4.82×107N/m2和7.50×106N/m2,相比单张纲连接系统减小了16%和87%,从而说明了双张纲连接方式的优点。讨论结果表明,在双张纲连接系统中,12边形碟形网箱的γ应在0°-60°间选择为宜,且当γ=26°时,浮环的安全性能达到最佳。建议将常用的单张纲连接系统改进为双张纲式,以提高网箱的抗风浪性能。

Abstract:胰岛素样生长因子(insulin-like growth factors，IGFs)主要包括IGF-Ⅰ和IGF-Ⅱ两种类型，其结构与胰岛素原(pminsulin)相似，因此与胰岛素(insulin，INS)、松弛肽(rela)(in)一起被称为INS／IGF／relaxin家族蛋白。与哺乳动物相似，对鲑鳟鱼类的研究发现IGF-I mRNA在肝脏中含量最高，表明肝脏是IGFs主要的分泌表达场所。目前已发现有4种亚型的IGF-I mRNA，

Abstract:鱼类多倍体育种属于“染色体组工程”(genome engineering)的范畴，因其具有控制性别的潜力，已引起了生物学家、鱼类育种学家的浓厚兴趣和深入探索。由于三倍体在生长优势、群体产量及抗病力等各方面都有二倍体所无法比拟的优势，因此多倍体育种研究对水产养殖具有重大的意义。

Abstract:鱼类,既是自然界重要的生物资源和人类主要食物蛋白源之一;同时也是天然水生态系统的重要组分,在物质循环、能量流动和维护水域生态平衡等多方面起重要作用。故保障鱼类资源的永续利用,对人类社会的可持续发展意义重大。然而,随着人口膨胀和社会发展,鱼类资源因人类频繁的水利活动、环境污染和过度开发利用而遭严重影响。各种鱼类种群被迫在日益改变的环境中进行残酷的生存斗争,以求物种延续。鱼类资源小型化问题,正是在这样的背景下出现的一种渔业生态学现象。鱼类小型化,是我国渔业工作者对渔获物中小型鱼类比例不断增加的通称,是鱼类…

Abstract:定量确定基因表达水平的方法主要有实时定量PCR和相对定量检测。一般只有在需要确定基因的拷贝数时，才利用实时定量PCR检测。目前大部分的研究中还是选择相对定量的检测。相对定量检测有Northern blot和相对定量PCR两种检测方法，均需要采用内标来确定目标基因的相对表达量。

Abstract:紫菜多糖是海藻类多糖中的一种,在结构上与肝素(hep)相似,都是多糖的硫酸酯类[1]。周慧萍等[2-5]研究发现紫菜多糖在抗凝血、降血脂、提高免疫力、抗衰老等方面都有一定的生物活性。张伟云等[6]研究发现一种紫菜多糖能开发成为免疫抑制剂用于临床免疫亢进的治疗。Yoshizawa

Abstract:大青鲨(Prionaceglauca)是一种大型中上层鲨鱼,隶属于真鲨目、真鲨科、大青鲨属。最大全长(TL)可达到400cm,最大体重为205.9kg,最大年龄为20龄,分布于66°N～55°S三大洋海域[1,2]。在我国南海和东海也有记录[3]。该鲨鱼是金枪鱼渔业最重要的兼捕鱼种。一般在捕获后割取鳍条,鱼体丢弃海中。1997年全球产量仅为520t,2000年达到8186t,2001年增加到10087t。主要生产国是巴西、西班牙、葡萄牙和新西兰[4]。在公海,除娱乐性渔业主捕少量鲨鱼外,大量的鲨鱼是被主捕其他鱼类的渔业所兼捕。在二十世纪90年代初期,估计丢弃的鲨鱼量为260000～30…