Abstract:Because some species of fishes have been becoming more and more difficult to be collected, many phylogenetic researchers have no other choice but adopt formalin-fixed specimens. There are many reports on molecular phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences from formalin-fixed specimens, but seldom researches have discussed the reliability about the DNA sequences from formalin-fixed specimens in applying phylogenetic analysis. Here the partial sequences, 1205bp and 1295bp 18S rDNA we reported, were first cloned form muscle of formalin-fixed and live Paralichthys olivaceus by using gene overlap strategy. Compared with live specimen, 80% bases of 18S rDNA sequence are identical, 7% are deleted, and 11% are replaced in formalin-fixed specimen. The DNA sequences from formalin-fixed and live specimens were used simultaneously in phylogenetic analysis based on high homology area. We think it is reliable in high-class molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Abstract:利用组织切片技术和电子显微镜研究江黄颡鱼[Pelteobagrusvachelli(Richardson)]精巢的精细胞结构。未成熟精巢中次级精母细胞的细胞核大,核物质染色浅;次级精母细胞的线粒体向细胞的一侧集中,有囊泡从细胞膜排出;精子细胞的核物质染色深,有明显的外排作用;精子分头部、中段和鞭毛三部分。头部长约1.8μm,有马鞍形的细胞核及不规则的核泡。中段有袖套、核小窝及中心粒复合体;核小窝非常发达,长度约为细胞核长轴的一半;中心粒复合体位于核小窝内。鞭毛长约15μm,其轴丝为典型的"9 2"结构。江黄颡鱼的精子不具顶体。

Abstract:根据1997-2000年东海23°30′～33°N、118°30′～128°E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,对东海毛颚类的数量分布,优势种丰度对总丰度变化的回归贡献进行了研究。结果表明:毛颚类总丰度有明显的季节变化,4季平均丰度(不含台湾海峡水域)为秋季(540ind/102m3)>夏季(322ind/102m3)>冬季(235ind/102m3)>春季(33ind/102m3);毛颚类高丰度区的移动和变化与带鱼渔场的移动和变化基本一致;春、秋季毛颚类总丰度与表层水温线性相关关系非常显著;肥胖箭虫(Sagittaenflata)、海龙箭虫(Sagittanagae)和百陶箭虫(Sagittabedoti)是构成东海毛颚类总丰度变化的最主要种类,其中肥胖箭虫具有较广泛的空间与时间分布的适应性,海龙箭虫分布的水温偏低,是影响冬、春季总丰度变化的主要优势种,百陶箭虫分布的水温偏高,是影响夏、秋季总丰度变化的主要优势种。

Abstract:2002年11月18日于浙江省永康市花街镇一池塘采得多个淡水水母标本。其触手伸展时呈细长线状,按其长短及着生位置分为6级。伞缘触手479～719条,平均608条。4条主辐触手不显著长于其它触手,长约为伞径的3/5;4个生殖腺褐黄色,着生在主辐管下方,呈光滑的三角扁囊状,向下有一细长的指状突起;平衡囊管状,数目为163～208个,平均183个;伞径大;触手数目、触手级数、平衡囊数目多,这些特征与桃花水母属已知种和亚种有明显区别,兹订为一新亚种,永康桃花水母(CraspedacustasowerbyiyongkangensisWangetXu,subsp.nov.)

Abstract:报道了在大规格青蛤苗种培育过程中,放养方式、密度、底质、饵料等因素与青蛤稚贝生长的关系。结果表明:规格为10～300万粒/kg的青蛤苗,在底质适宜的池塘、海涂进行培养,都能获得很好效果,培养3～11个月,稚贝可增重几十倍或上百倍;在水温实验中,8～33℃的范围内稚贝存活率为100%,33℃时稚贝的壳长增长率最大,达175%;在海水比重实验中,海水比重为1.015～1.020两组生长最好,壳长增长率分别达89%、96%;饵料实验中得出投喂牟氏角毛藻(ChaetocerosM櫣eueriLemmermann)培养青蛤稚贝效果最好,其次是球等鞭金藻(IsochrysisgalbanaParkOA 3011)和绿色巴夫藻(PavlovaviridisTseng,Chenetzhangsp.nov.);在不同底质培养中,青蛤苗种存活率都是100%,其中以泥砂质的底质为最佳。

Abstract:根据2003年9-11月印度洋西北海域鸢乌贼资源的调查和渔获统计资料,采用效能比方法,对鸢乌贼资源密度指标CPUE值进行了估算。结果发现,在重点调查海域,鸢乌贼的资源密度较高,其CPUE值为0.01～10.0尾/线/h,总平均值为2.456尾/线/h。资源密度的分布随海域而不同。在12°N以南海域CPUE值一般在1.0尾/线/h以下,在12°～14°N、58°～61°E间海域CPUE值在2.0～2.5尾/线/h,而在中心渔场16°N、61°E附近海域,CPUE值为最高,达到5.5尾/线/h以上。

Abstract:根据2003年9-11月印度洋西北海域鸢乌贼资源的调查数据，应用统计的方法对鸢乌贼的钓捕技术作了初步研究。调查发现，手钓产量明显高于机钓产量。日产量多数在5t以上，手钓与机钓的比值大约为4：1；而当日产量低于0．5t时，机钓产量高于手钓产量。鸢乌贼的脱钩率较高，机钓脱钩率平均达45％以上，手钓脱钩率也在7％～12％间，其中主要为水中脱落和触须脱落。统计分析表明，不同机钓钩和手钓钩类型，其脱钩率存在明显的差异；不同类型手钓钩，其渔获率也存在显著差异。从作业位置来看，其渔获率和产量分布在统计学不存在显著性差异。如何降低鸢乌贼的脱钩率成为今后钓捕技术的重要研究内容。

Abstract:采用突变和渐变两种方法分别研究了温度和盐度对横带髭鲷胚胎发育的影响。结果表明:由渐变实验获得的胚胎发育温度、盐度范围均相应地比突变实验的结果宽;横带髭鲷胚胎发育适应的盐度范围比较宽,需要的温度比较高,通常在19℃以上;在适宜范围内,胚胎发育速度随着温度或盐度的升高而加快,低温、低盐是限制胚胎发育速度的主要因素。盐度对胚胎发育速度的影响远不及水温对其的影响大。

Abstract:Now there are about 30 thousand fishery administrative staff to execute laws in China. Howere, the cultural level of this staff is low in general. Moreover, Chinese fishery administrative institutions to execute laws confront the problems of serious shortage of money and dated equipment. To resolve the above problems, Chinese fishery administrative staff to execute laws should implement the state official system, this is adapted to the new position and task of Chinese fishery management and lawful administration to the fisheries. Of course, it is beneficial to progress of this staff. Furthermore, it is complied with the laws relevant to the fisheries and strategical goal for fathering the state lawfully. Considering the state official system and the particularity of the fishery surveillance and inspection, this paper puts forward some suggestion about the scheme that this staff practise the state official system.

Abstract:The progress and the outcome of the fisheries development depend on the behavior strategy of the relative economic subject during the process of the economic development. Evolution economics can explain well the deep factors of prompting the economic development at the level of individual behavior. Based on the research of evolution economics, the paper analyzes the problems of the establishment of the economic subject, the lack of its behavioral capability and the imperfect existing environment of market against present situation of the fisheries development in China. It points out that it is the key to realize the sustainable development of the fisheries that cultivate the economic subject with independent behavior, let them possess the capability to adapt actively to the change of external environment and improve the operation of the relative market mechanism.

Abstract:Online fishery market (OFM) is a fishery e-business platform that can meet dual need both on urban fishery and fishery e-business development. Firstly, OFM can promote the scientific lever of fishery industry and improve the linkage between tangible market and virtual ones in order to form a great market & great circulation structure. Secondly, OFM can decrease the waste of land resources caused by many tangible markets and reduce environmental pollution of noise, sewage & feculence. Thirdly, OFM can transact business among transnational or trans-regional parties unrestricted by time or trading area so as to enhance the competitive ability of fishery industry in the international trade. In order to reach synchronously many various business modes such as spot stock, online auction and reverse auction, an OFM must have seafood trading system, a discussion area for trading and one service area for the market. There are two important elements in OFM operation which are rating of seafood and credit guarantee in trading. The establishing risks of OFM construction come from system, environment and market.

Abstract:The key problem of "Sannong" (issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers) is the solution to improve the quality of the farmers and increase their income. The thesis touches upon the importance of the betterment of the system to promote fishery technology and its positive contribution to the income increase and agriculture economy. Thus it illustrates the role of the fishery technology in the solution of "Sannong", concerning fishery technological demonstration, science and technology training, the service of industry and information and product sales.

Abstract:雌核发育(gynogenesis)是单倍体育种的主要途径之一,属于“染色体组工程”(chromosomesetengineering)的范畴,雌核发育技术于20世纪50年代后期在国外首先发展起来,70年代初我国才开始涉足这一领域的研究。30年来,已取得了丰硕的成果,3个红鲤雌核发育纯系的建立以及异育银鲫

Abstract:近年来,形形色色的食品中毒事件时有发生,例如,1988年上海的甲型肝炎爆发,1996年至今欧洲的疯牛病问题,2000年法国熟制肉类的李斯特菌和日本奶制品的大肠杆菌O157污染等重大食品卫生事件[1,2],这些事件令全球恐慌。如何使消费者得到食品安全卫生的保障这一话题受到了人们前所未有的关注,也成为政府主管部门面临的重要问题。1998年美国成立了总统食品安全委员会、法国成立了食品安全局,2001年欧盟颁布了食品安全白皮书[3],2003年中国成立了食品药品监督局。各国政府、各种国际组织、许多学术机构都在致力于研究和解决食品安全问题,食品…

Abstract:美国自20世纪60年代率先进行了微颗粒饲料的研究，日本在70年代开始这方面的研制和生产，我国80年代末才逐渐重视，倪叶鑫通过相分离-复凝聚法，研究了幼仔鱼虾饲料微囊化的技术，陈勇等研究了4种水产动物微颗粒饲料的制备方法。近几年，在水产苗种生产中，微粒饲料的研究应用逐渐增多，如Jones等认为对虾育苗中，包膜微囊饲料可以替代部分活体饵料，Chu等研究包膜微囊饲料对牡蛎(Crassostrea virginica)幼体变态的影响，陈维岩等进行了微粒粘合饲料饲养试验，李健和冯莉萍使用微颗粒饵料进行了对虾育苗试验，认为微颗粒饲料能替代部分鲜活饵料；时吉营等研究了在中国对虾育苗中微粒饲料的应用，认为微颗粒饲料优势明显。我们进行了微膜微粒饲料培育虾苗的试验，对微膜微粒饲料与活体饵料、半人工饵料培育虾苗进行了比较。

Abstract:生物饵料是海水鱼类苗种培育的关键因素之一,随着海水鱼类仔、稚、幼鱼的生长发育,其营养生理、消化系统结构、口径大小、捕食能力及水中分布等都发生变化,从而影响其对不同生物饵料的摄食,不同种类及同种类不同发育阶段的鱼苗,对于生物饵料的种类、质量、数量、营养成分和

Abstract:凡纳滨对虾(Penaeusvannamei),俗称南美白对虾,因其生长迅速、抗病力强、肉味鲜美和出肉率高而成为目前国内外广泛养殖的优良品种之一,在我国沿海地区养殖范围较广。本文研究了养殖水体中氨、亚硝酸盐对南美白对虾幼虾的毒性作用,同时探讨了较高浓度硝酸盐对南美白对虾生长

Abstract:氯霉素(chloramphenicol，CAP)在水产养殖中的应用导致了越来越严重的残留过量问题。业已证实，CAP用于人的治疗有严重毒副作用，CAP在水产品中的残留，会给人类的健康造成严重威胁。因此，目前世界上许多国家都限制甚至禁止CAP用于食用水产品的生产，并规定了最高残留限量标准。为保障人民身体健康，提高我国出口水产品的国际信誉，必须建立用于水产品CAP残留检测的有效方法。

Abstract:文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)，英文名为hard clam是贝类的一种，又名圆蛤、黄蛤、海蛤等，属双壳类瓣鳃纲帘蛤科的海产贝类：文蛤是我国优质水产品之一，但是如今价廉物美的文蛤不仅在国际市场上出口受阻，即使在国内市场上也销售不畅。因此，健康发展文蛤市场，对政府部门和文蛤养殖者非常重要。经过调查研究，针对我国文蛤养殖业面临的困境，提出了相应的对策和建议。