Abstract:For Oujiang color common carp,Koi carp and their reciprocal hybrids(F_1),growth rates were studied by commune stocking,morphological variation was studied by cluster analysis and discriminant analysis.The results showed the instantaneous growth rates(IGR)of reciprocal hybrids(F_1)were lower than their parents,and the absolute growth rates (AGR)of them were between that of their parents.Some morphological traits of reciprocal hybrids(F_1)were between that of their parents,some better than their parents,and some worse than their parents.Generally Koi carp gave a stonger influence to the hybrids than Oujiang color common carp,and the interaction between parents also played an important role in heredity.

Abstract:PS2菌株是从虾塘富集、分离、筛选出的一株光合菌，具有高效净化养殖水质的作用。经形态学观察及生理生化特性的实验，鉴定其为荚膜红假单胞菌。PS2菌株可利用的底物范围较广，可利用大多数低分子的有机酸、糖醇类等，这对养殖水质的净化具有重要的作用。实验采用光吸收法测定了环境因子温度、盐度、pH、光照度及溶氧对菌株生长的影响．结果表明：PS2菌株可适应的温度、盐度、pH范围分别为20～40℃、0～40．0、6．0～9．0。最适的温度30℃、盐度10、pH为7．0；光照度500～5000lx范围内菌都可生长，在此范围内，光照度越强，菌生长越快；PS2菌株可在明处进行厌气性光合生长，在暗处进行需氧性兼性生长，养殖池塘的环境条件适宜PS2菌生长的条件。实验测定的PS2菌株的最适生长条件可作为本菌株大规模生产培养的技术参数。

Abstract:The nitrogen budget of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia fed with three types of diets(Europe,"Dajiang", Tilapia farm made) was determined and compared by biological method, while excretive nitrogen was determined and compared by chemical method. The results showed that the specific growth rate and food conversion rate were both very significantly affected by diet types(P<0.01). Nile tilapia fed with "Europe"diet had the best growth. From the aspect of allocation of intake nitrogen, Nile tilapia fed with "Dajiang" diet had the highest utilization proportion of nitrogen for growth. The nitrogen budget of tilapia is affected by the quality of protein, energy content and nutrition equilibrium of feed. It is key issue to improve feed quality to reduce aquacultural pollution.

Abstract:以蒙古裸腹(MoinamongolicaDaday)和多刺裸腹(M.macrocopaStraus)为材料,对枝角类RAPD扩增条件进行了摸索和优化,结果表明,枝角类PCR扩增反应的最佳体系为:在25μL体积中,模板DNA25ng/μL,dNTPs0.1mmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶1U,引物0.1μmol/L,Mg2+1.5mmol/L,10×PCR缓冲液2.5μL。按照优化的RAPD条件进行实验,重现性良好。2种裸腹在盐胁迫条件下的种群遗传多样性分析表明,同种裸腹不同生存盐度之间的种群遗传相似度较高,分别为0.9134和0.9038;而多刺裸腹和蒙古裸腹两个种间的遗传相似度相对较低,约为0.5～0.6。

Abstract:The different desalination methods and salinities had an effect on survival rate and growth of Penaeus Vannamei juvenile. The best result, 95.0% of survival rate, was obtained by siphoning , intaking while flowing out. The desalination method feasible for the large scale of production was desalinating once every 6 hours and the rate of reduced salinity was 0.76/h. This salinity method got 83.3% of the survival rate. The different size of juvenile (body length: 0.59-2.22cm, weight: 8.12-30.12mg) had the same ability to tolerate the reduced salinities. The suitable range of salinities for the growth of Penaeus vannamei juvenile was 4.9-36.3, the most optimum 7.5-24.6,the juvenile could adapt to 0.59-36.3 of salinity range. Penaeus vannamei juvenile can grow in freshwater (S:0.59,0.62) where after 21d the increase rate of body length was 67.5%-73.0%, the increase rate 599.5%-615.6% for body weight, and survived rate 88.4%-90.0% larvae.

Abstract:Based on a numerical experiment carried out with a simple rectangular water area as an example, the paper discussed the developing progress of convection driven by surface cooling in aquatics waters with free surface quantitatively. In view of the common characteristics of velocity, depth and other given values in lake and other aquatic waters, the values of Re, Gr, Pr could be taken of 8000, 500000 and 10 respectively. The result shows that the convection driven by surface cooling could be subdivided into three phases, i.e. the occurring phase, the developing phase and the steady phase. The development of fields of the velocity and temperature at different phases is affected by rates of the effective potential energy distributed to the diffusing and heat transporting, with convectional eddies and isotherms being formed at the same time correspondingly. Big convectional eddies were brought out by the convection driven by surface cooling, with the magnitude of their diameters being equal to the depth at the end; the distribution of isotherms changed from horizontal form at the beginning to the vertical at the end, so that the water is exchanged fully from surface to the bottom.

Abstract:通过飞碟型网箱模型试验,得出网箱水阻力和网箱网形的变化与流速之间的关系。网箱总阻力与箱体网衣湿水面积成正比,正常工作环境下网箱水阻力与流速之间成F=36090×V1.7904的关系。理论计算值一般比模型试验所得的网箱水阻力小10%左右。随着流速增加,网箱立柱向前倾斜的程度略为增加,当水流达到2kn时,其倾斜角约为5°。模型试验中,网箱网衣在不同的流速下变形不大,网箱容积基本保持不变。

Abstract:This paper focuses on the ongoing project of China Fishery Administration System and studies the construction solution of the system including its network, application software and running modules based on the user's demands, especially, for administration and information. The system consists of fishing vessel registration, fishery law enforcement patrol vessel commanding, fishery law enforcement information services and, fishery resources and environment remote sensing service subsystems and most of them involve computer network, GPS, GIS and remote sensing techniques. All the national wide workstations and servers of these subsystems are constructed as a tree-star shaped computer network with ISDN, ADSL and PSTN communication lines. This solution is of the character of advanced techniques and deemed suitable for Chinese fishery management activities including law enforcement and vessel commanding.

Abstract:研究了用高阻透性薄膜的空气和气调包装的新鲜青鱼块在冷藏(4±2℃)下的质量。通过感官性状、需氧菌数、大肠菌群、pH值、总挥发性盐基氮量、K值、液汁流失量等各项指标的测定来评价不同CO2比例气调包装的青鱼块的贮藏效果。实验结果表明,气调包装通过延长细菌生长阶段中的滞后期和传代时间,从而抑制产品中细菌的增加,延缓TVB N值的增加,防止青鱼块的腐败变质,有效延长产品的货架期。在贮藏初期气调包装的青鱼块中的K值上升较慢,具有一定的保鲜效果。但是也发现在贮藏后期气调包装引起产品的pH值再次下降,导致液汁流失量的增加。

Abstract:Considering the Froude number of the model and of the prototype identical, with a scale factor of 10, a model of oscillating buoy (OD) wave power device was designed and built, and a model test was carried out in a wave tank of Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion. In the test, the incident waves were simple harmonic, and computers collected the experimental data. The result of experimental data processing shows that the capture width ratio of the OD is nearly equal to that of an oscillating water column (OWC) wave power device, the total efficiency of the OD is much higher than that of the OWC, and the cost of the OD is lower than that of the OWC in the same dimensions. Therefore the OD is a promising wave power device, although it is at the cost of the reliability of the device. If the OD is used in China where the wave energy stream is lower, with effective protection the device could run in the most effective way.

Abstract:Cited bibliometric indexes of periodicals include five metric indexes, namely, total citations, impact factor, immediacy index, citation rate and cited half-life. These indexes mainly indicate the utilization and popularity of the periodical by readers, its position and role in scientific exchanges, and therefore are important basis and objective criteria in quality evaluation. In order to evaluate and utilize the college journals in oceanology and fisheries fields comprehensively, accurately, justly and objectively, statistics and analysis have been conducted on the first three items of its cited bibliometric indexes. Results show that following measures should be adopted to improve these indexes:(1)improving editing quality; (2)enhancing contribution organization; (3)accelerating edit flow and shortening publication cycle; (4)emphasizing and increasing the publication of theses on interdisciplinary subjects.

Abstract:鱼类仔鱼在形态和生理上通常明显不同于其稚鱼或成鱼,仔鱼向稚鱼的转变过程往往是剧烈的,这种转变称之为变态[1]。硬骨鱼类中最为典型的变态是鲽形目鱼类,而牙鲆(ParalichthysolivaceusT.&S.),作为鲽形目鱼类中一种重要的经济鱼类,已逐渐成为研究鱼类变态的极好的模式生物[2]。对于牙鲆变态的研究,国外有较多的报道,已经确认甲状腺激素在牙鲆变态中起重要作用[3]。目前国内对牙鲆变态的研究仅停留在形态描述[4]、激素处理[5]、生态调控[6]上,而有关变态机制方面的报道则较少。因此,本文仅就牙鲆早期阶段的变态发育及其变态机制作一简…

Abstract:转基因动物技术是20世纪80年代初发展起来的一项生物领域高新技术[1]。转基因鱼模型的构建为鱼类基因工程育种奠定了理论基础,基因导入方法的成熟、胚胎干细胞技术的发展以及基因组学理论的应用为鱼类基因工程育种提供了操作平台。目前,转基因技术在外源基因片段长度、外源基因定点整合率、外源基因表达率、转基因动物存活率等技术方面都有了很大提高。转基因动物的研究内容也非常广泛,从基础理论到应用技术,从实验室到生产也都有了较大发展,如基因表达的调控、基因产品的制备、动物品种的培育等[2]。以下就鱼类基因转移研究中转基因技…

Abstract:植酸(Phyticacid)即肌醇六磷酸,是植物种子中肌醇和磷的主要存在形式,植酸磷占植物总磷量的60%～90%。由于单胃动物无内源植酸酶系,不能利用植酸磷,必需在日粮中添加无机磷酸盐,以满足动物对磷的需求,这不仅提高了饲料成本,且不能被消化吸收的有机磷随粪便排出体外,导致对土壤和水源的污染[1-2]。此外,植酸盐络合某些营养物质,降低其利用率,被认为是抗营养因子。研究表明,在中性条件下,植酸可与二价或三价阳离子络合成不溶性盐(如Ca2+,Mn2+,Zn2+,Cu2+),使小肠的吸收力降低;植酸可与蛋白质形成络合物,影响蛋白质的利用;植酸可抑制消化…

Abstract:绝大多数紫菜的生活史中都具有典型的世代交替现象,除了人们熟悉的叶状体(配子体)世代外,还有微小的丝状体(孢子体)世代。丝状体世代是二倍体世代,遗传性状稳定,是紫菜生产和研究中保种的重要形式[1]。由于紫菜中海藻多糖含量较高,常用的植物基因组DNA提取方法不能完全去除多糖,高纯度紫菜基因组DNA的获得比较困难。Hong等[2-4]提出并改良了用于紫菜DNA提取的LiCl法;贾建航等[5]用改进的SDS法提取紫菜丝状体基因组DNA,并进行了RAPD分析;郭宝太等[6]也对紫菜基因组DNA提取进行了报道。这些方法都需要大量的紫菜组织,实际研究中…

Abstract:东方欧鳊(AbramisbramaBerg)属鲤科、欧鳊属,是广温性的大型经济鱼类,栖息于水中上层,喜集群。原分布于里海和咸海水系的地理种群,是前苏联广泛推广大水面的优良鱼类之一。20世纪50年代上下,前苏联渔业工作者向哈萨克斯坦境内的斋桑泊和巴尔哈什湖分别移植了3800尾及598尾东方欧鳊,至60年代末形成产量。后来经额尔齐斯河与伊梨河扩散于中国新疆境内的河流。乌伦古湖东方欧鳊于70年代左右从中国境内的额尔期斯河移进,目前阿勒态地区与额伦尔期斯河连通的绝大多数湖泊、水库、洼地几乎都有东方欧鳊分布,并在产量中占有主要地位,乌伦古湖…

Abstract:超高分子量聚乙烯(ultra highmolecularweightpolyethylene,简称UHMWPE)纤维是以分子量大于1×106的聚乙烯为原料,通过特殊纺丝工艺制造的一种高性能纤维。采用UHMWPE纤维制作的超高强绳索的结构类型有三股捻绳、八股编绞绳和多股编织绳等,其特性为强度高、伸长小和耐磨损等,尽管在渔业上的应用时间不长,但在欧美、日本等国它已成为渔业管理者最易于接受的新材料之一,并积极从事该领域的基础理论研究和海上试验[1-4]。但是,UHMWPE纤维绳索的性能及其在我国渔业上的应用研究目前还只是刚刚开始,然而UHMWPE纤维绳索的渔用适用性…

Abstract:远洋渔业在我国已具有一定的规模,作业渔船达1500多艘,累计总产量近1×105t[1]。美国、加拿大、日本和澳大利亚等渔业发达国家建立了国家级的海洋渔业生物资源、海洋环境、市场信息等方面数据库,同时还建立了海洋渔船监测系统、渔业生产等动态信息,并经过综合分析与处理后,利用Internet技术进行信息发布[2]。我国在渔业方面建立了多个信息发布网站,它们的内容各有特色,但在远洋渔业信息方面,只是停留在一般的描述性信息,缺乏全面性、系统性和综合性分析。利用远洋渔业信息数据,包括海洋环境要素、渔获量统计和海洋调查等,经过地理信息…

Abstract:甲壳低聚糖(chitooligosaccharides)具有抗菌、抗癌以及促进双歧杆菌增殖、增强机体免疫等功能[1]。目前制取方法常用盐酸水解壳聚糖来制备,但该法反应条件较难控制,不易得到较高聚合度的低聚糖,对环境污染严重。已有学者研究利用壳聚糖酶水解壳聚糖来制备甲壳低聚糖,由于其专一性强,反应条件温和,得率高,且不污染环境,已得到广泛的关注。自从上世纪七十年代初期,Monaghan等[2]首次报道B.bassiana中存在壳聚糖酶(chitosanase,EC.3.2.1.99)以来,已在许多细菌、放线菌和真菌等微生物中发现了该酶。MasahiroKurakake等[3]对Bacilluscere…

Abstract:近年来,随着国内经济的发展,渔业生产水平的不断提高,渔船的数量巨大,城市高层建筑成倍增长。但渔船外壁的检测、清洗、除锈以及高楼外壁的清洗由人工完成,不仅投入大,效率低,费工费时,而且极其危险。因此,需要研究开发一种能携带清洗装置或其他功能部件的爬壁机器人。我们研制了一种小型的双吸盘结构的爬壁机器人模型,与其他类型的爬壁机器人模型相比,这种模型具有结构简单、稳定可靠、操作方便、成本低廉,便于大量生产等特点。由于以上特点,该机器人可应用于大量渔船的清洗和养护,也可以在一只渔船上同时采用多个机器人作业,大大改善…