Abstract:In this paper, the meristic traits and truss network characters of Megalobrama amblycephala, Megalobrama terminalis and their reciprocal hybrids were studied by three multivariate analysis (clustering analysis, discriminant analysis and principal component analysis) , and the genetic transfer of morphology traits from parents to their hybrids was analysed. The results showed: (1) The morphological traits in reciprocal hybrids were more traced through the female ancester. The inheritance from M. terminalis to hybrids was stronger than that from M. amblycephala. (2) The characters of main part of body, head-tail axis,sand hard spine of dorsal fin are important factors to discriminate Megalobrama amblycephala, Megalobrama terminalis and their reciprocal hybrids.

Abstract:以人工培育成熟的南美白对虾为材料，观察并描述了卵子从产出入水至幼体孵化出膜的整个胚胎发育过程。结果表明，在水温29.5℃，盐度28的条件下，整合胚胎发育过程需要12h左右。不同水温和盐度对受精卵孵化出膜的时间和受精率有显著影响。试验水温从29.5℃下降至26.8℃，孵化时间从11.3h增加到15h，最适孵化水温为28-30℃；最适盐度为27.93-33.01，盐度降低至22或升高至38，受精卵都不能正常发育。

Abstract:The fish catch statistics is adopted to research on the sturgeon harvests in the Amur River and the Yangtze River, which are main fishing areas of sturgeons. It is found that the population structure of Amur River sturgeons is unbalanced and the resources are precipitated (452t, 1987: 120t, 1999), because of the severe fishing and environmental pollution; that as Gezhou dam blocked the migrating route of Chinese sturgeon in Yangtze River, sex ratio is out of proportion (f: m = 1 : 0. 39, 1996 - 1998) of Chinese sturgeon, male supplement population is insufficient, reproduction population is degraded; that Chinese sturgeon is endangered and the trace of Dabry sturgeon and Chinses paddlefish is hard to find. The paper describes the current situation of protection and utilization of sturgeons in China and suggests measures to be adopted, and further discusses the way of utilization on sturgeon.

Abstract:从国外首次引入日本黄姑鱼受精卵，育成苗种后进行海水池塘及网箱的养殖试验，并进行越冬试验及亲鱼的继续培育。结果表明：（1）经5.5 个月的池塘养殖，个体平均体长达31.1cm、体重515.0g，养殖成活率为82.85%。（2）经5.5个月的网箱养殖，个体平均体长达28.1cm、体重438.8g，养殖成活率为81.66%。（3）日本黄姑鱼养殖水温下限为5.5-6.0℃。（4）经25个月的池塘养殖、亲鱼平均体长达54.0cm、体重2700.0g。

Abstract:Based on artificial neural network (ANN) and extracted characters of dead fish in polluted piscatorial waters, an identifiable model of toxicant type bringing on dead fish is presented in the paper. There are eighteen nerve cells in input-layer, nine nerve cells in middle-layer and one nerve cell in output-layer of the artificial neural network. Network parameters were optimized. Results show that any pollution to deaths can judge death causes by simple addition and multiplication operations using trained B - P artificial neural network, so this method has high applicability and practicability.

Abstract:根据沪渔公司鱿钓船于1999年10-11月在西北太平洋165℃E以西海域随机采集的柔鱼样本,测定其胴长、鳍长、鳍宽、眼径、右1腕长、右2腕长、右3腕长、右4腕长和右触腕穗长9个形态特征指标值。利用灰色系统理论中的变权聚类分析方法,对柔鱼种群结构进行初步划分。研究结果表明,在西北太平洋海域,柔鱼存在着两个明显的独立种群,其形态特征值有较大的差异。

Abstract:Based on the definition of the TAG (total allowable catch) and the necessary conditions required for implementing TAG, the author points out: although there exist some difficulties, it is the inevitable trend to implement TAG in Chinese fisheries. At last , the author puts forward 4 suggestions and conceptions; (1) Curb and reduce the number of fishery vessels, (2)Strengthen the survey and research on fishery resources, (3)Enforce the management and execution of fishery authority, (4)Implementing the TAG step by step.

Abstract:对β-甲壳质及其脱乙酰衍生物的特性与α-甲壳质及其脱乙酰衍生物进行了比较研究。结果表明：红外光谱的X-衍射图谱都可以用来表征甲壳质，但只有X-衍射图谱可以区分其α和β型结构；β-壳聚糖和α-壳聚糖在高浓度（大于0.01%）时对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有明显的抑菌作用，面在低浓度（0.001%）下，由于本试验所用的β-壳聚糖兼有高粘度和高脱乙酰度，抑菌作用强于α-壳聚糖。

Abstract:Polyphenol oxidase(PPO) was extracted from cuttlefish ink with 0.05mol/L pH 7.2 sodium phosphate extraction buffer. The crude extract was fractionated with solid ammonium sulfate of 30% - 80% saturation. After dialysis and concentration, The enzyme solution was purified by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography and a 12.2 fold purification of PPO was obtained. Cu2+ and Pb2+ at level of mmol/L inhibited PPO activity while Na+ , K+ , Mg2+ and Ca2+ have little effect on PPO activity, however PPO was apparently activated by Cu2+ at 20umol/L. PPO activity was strongly inhibited by HSO3 ~ and the activity was completely inhibited at 10mmol/L. Cl- , Br~ , I- and SO42- have almost no effect on PPO activity.

Abstract:采用0.055mm厚的LDPE膜对番茄进行主动气调包装，混合气体组分为：5%O2/0%CO2/95%N2。该初始气体环境是通过番茄的呼吸作用、气体对LDPE膜的渗透作用及大气三者间的动态平衡过程来保持的。采用动态平均模型方程，通过研究不同温度（5℃、25℃）、包装内不同氧浓度（0%-21%）条件下的番茄呼吸速率、LDPE膜透气率，预测了包装量。结果表明：（1）温度升高，番茄呼吸耗氧率Ro2增大的幅度比LDPE膜透氧率Po2的增长幅度大；（2）包装内氧气浓度降低，呼吸作用的耗氧率Ro2下降，而LDPE膜的透氧率线性上升；（3）包装袋内建立主动气调环境时，随着初始给定的氧浓度的增高，包装量要随之下降；贮藏温度越低，包装量越大。

Abstract:The antigenic conjugate of norfloxacin and bovine serum albumin ( BSA) was prepared by carbodiimide method. 16. 1 norfloxacin residues were linked to a molecule of the BSA in the conjugate by method of UV spectrum. The conjugates of norfloxacin-ovalbumin (OA) used for coating antigen were synthesized by carbodiimide method and mixed anhydride method, respectively. The number of norfloxacin residues per molecule of the conjugates was 5 .8 and 1.9.

Abstract:Since 1978, the policy of aquatic product supply and marketing has changed greatly. Now 20 years have passed. The circulation market of aquatic products under market economy was not established totally. In the very paper, the circulating channels and amount of aquatic products in Shanghai are discussed. The circulating structure and consumptive characteristics of aquatic products marketing in Shanghai are also studied. The survey shows there are serious problems, such as obvious separation of consumer market from productive area ones, small scale wholesale market, inordinate competition between markets and undeveloped information processing sysytem of aquatic products price, in the circulation market of aquatic products in Shanghai. After China became the member of World Trade Organization, the circulation market of aquatic products in Shanghai will face serious challenges.

Abstract:This paper discusses how to establish and to manage a living marine resources and their habitat environment database in conformity with the Geography Information System. The database employs Access development platform with a clear operating interface and many functions. System interface user can visualize inquiry results clearly. Its application scope covers the specialized data management for exploration of living marine resources and their habitat environment. The paper also introduces the role database technique plays in data management. Database is bound to obtain wide application in the future research and evaluation of marine fisheries resources and environment.

Abstract:有机磷农药是人类最早合成而且仍在国内外农业生产中广泛使用的高效杀虫剂和植物生长调节剂。早期发展的大部分是高效高毒品种,如毒死蜱、甲拌磷乐果、对硫磷、甲胺磷等,而后逐步发展了许多高效低毒低残留品种,如乐果、马拉硫磷、二嗪磷、敌百虫和杀螟松等,成为农药的一大家族。有机磷农药大多数是磷酸。磷酸酐或含硫类似物的中性酯或酰胺。除敌百虫、乐果为固体外,其余均为淡

Abstract:壳聚糖(chitosan),为甲壳质(chitin)脱乙酰化处理后的产物,是天然糖中唯一大量存在的碱性氨基多糖。由于壳聚糖具有特殊的生理活性,且无毒、可生物降解、生物相容性好,近年来在化工、环保、食品、医药、化妆品、农业等方面得到越来越广泛的应用。然而,由于壳聚糖是高分子化合物,分子量通常在几十万至上百万,且分子结构紧密,因而不能溶于水等一些普通溶剂,难以被吸收利用,这大大限制了壳聚糖的应用。

Abstract:随着社会生产力发展,含有重金属的废水的排放量日益增多,此类废水一旦流入天然水域,将影响水生生物的生长与繁殖。藻类是水体的初级生产者,也是污染水体中首当其冲的受害者。以往曾有不少关于重金属对藻类毒性方面的报道,但较多地集中在三角褐指藻和小球藻等,对亚心形扁藻的报道很少。而亚心形扁藻因其生长周期短、适口性好、含有较高的动物必需氨基酸等特点,是生产中为人们广泛采用的优良海产饵料。本文详细研究了不同浓度Cu~(2+)对亚心形扁藻生长的影响以及Cu~(2+)在扁藻体内的蓄积,所得结果可为养殖业与环境保护提供科学依据。

Abstract:中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)属节肢动物门(Arthropoda)、甲壳纲(Crustaceae)、十足目(Decapoda)、方蟹科(Grapsidae)、绒螯蟹属(Eriocheir),自然分布于南至中国福建闽江(～26°N),北至朝鲜半岛(～45°N),西达离长江口约1400km的重庆,由于人为因素,广东珠江流域也有少量存在(图1)。图1为中华绒螯蟹在东亚种群分布状况。中华绒螯蟹原本是东亚的土著生物。但自20世纪初中华绒螯蟹已移居并繁衍于欧美大陆沿海,并在莱茵河河口地区和旧金山湾形成了数量可观的地方群体。图2为中华绒螯蟹在世界范围内的分布情况。

Abstract:河蟹学名中华绒螯蟹(Eiocheir sinensis),是我国的一种珍贵水产品。随着河蟹养殖业的迅猛发展,连云港市的河蟹工厂化育苗生产发展至2001年已拥有河蟹育苗场231家,育苗水体23.4万m~3,成为我国最大的长江水系中华绒螯蟹人工育苗基地,大眼幼体的产量约占全国总产量的70％,取得了显著的经济和社会效益。针对现有经济运行状况,运用边际平衡原理进行分析,以期找出最大利润时的资源最适投入量,达到苗种生产总量的有效控制,为渔业主管部门的生产决策做好参谋。

Abstract:随着我国鱿钓渔业的兴起与发展,近年来,水下集鱼灯的应用正在我国鱿钓渔业中逐渐推广和流行。应用水下集鱼灯的最大好处,就是使原先只在夜间有价值进行的鱿钓作业,变成在白昼也可有价值地进行。这样,充分利用了有限的渔汛期,提高了产量,降低了远航渔船的生产成本,其经济效益是显而易见的。