Abstract:At three experimental stations, Qingdao, Guangzhou and Bengbu, based on GIFT strain of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus and mass selection method, F 3 was produced and evaluated. In three experimental stations, the daily growth rate of F 3 was 14.1%, 7.5% and 80.8% higher than that of control line respectively, the average selected response per generation was 4.7%, 2.5% and 26.9% respectively. In selected line, morphology traits, such as strips on body side and caudal fin were more clear and typical than control line, and the variation coefficient of body weight was reduced. These indicated that the selected line has been more purified. The value of growth rate and selection respones from Bengbu station were much higher than those of other two experimental stations, it could relate to the more alternation of experimental environment in Bengbu, which indicated that a high attention to gene environment interaction should be paid in further selection study.

Abstract:在上海水产大学设施渔业研究所设计的闭合循环水产养殖与蔬菜栽培综合生产系统中进行暗纹东方Tun养殖和蔬菜水栽培技术研究。水栽培蔬菜对养鱼废水的净化效果表明，水栽培蔬菜对氨氮、亚硝氮、硝氮、总氮、磷酸盐和COD的最大去除率分别为57．46％、51．72％、3．7％、10．67％、9．72％和21．78％；水栽培蔬菜进水和出水的平均N／P比分别为6．60：1和6．53：1。

Abstract:研究了铜、锌、镉三种金属对罗氏沼虾幼虾的毒性作用和积累作用.得到了Cu2+、Cd2+对罗氏沼虾幼虾(L=0.88±0.12cm,W=8.7mg)的24h、48h、72h、96h LC50及安全浓度,两者对罗氏沼虾的毒性Cd2+＞Cu2+.当0.01mg/L≤Cu2+≤0.10mg/L、0.002mg/L≤Cd2+≤0.008mg/L、0.05mg/L Zn2+≤0.85mg/L时,幼虾处在各重金属的各浓度试液中经过20d(Cu2+、Cd2+)和14d(Zn2+)的饲养,均遭受了程度不等的毒性作用,幼虾体长、体重增长率与成活率均不同程度的降低,试验虾体内的Cu2+绝对积累量随着重金属浓度的升高而增加,Zn2+≤0.45mg/L时,幼虾对其绝对积累量随着重金属浓度的升高而增加.受试幼虾对三种重金属积累倍数随着浓度的上升而下降.

Abstract:The measurement on the conversion rate of nitrifying bacteria to NH 4 N were determined in the filtering trouphs of Takingfugu obscurus. The nitrifying rate of nitrifying bacteria was understood quantitatively. The results showed that the quantity of the nitrifying bacteria in the sands of the filtering trouph was 21 times greater than that in the normal water, 10 times greater than that in the controlled group. The nitrifying rate of the sands was 100 times greater than the normal water. The major factors affecting the nitrifying bacteria to NH 4 N are temperature, DO and biomass bacteria. Therefore, it is indicated that filtering trouphs can effectively self purify the fish pond environment.

Abstract:通过赤点石斑鱼各个发育期的仔稚幼鱼连续取样，系统地观察了仔稚幼鱼各个发育期的形态变化及生长特征，并进行描图。赤点石斑鱼初孵仔鱼全长1．35－1．45mm。稚鱼第6－7d长出特别伸长的背鳍第2鳍棘和腹鳍棘，其长度与全长之比在第16－18d，全长11mm左右时达到最大值，接近50%,这一形态特点是石斑鱼属仔稚鱼期特有的。以后随着个体的生长和其他鳍棘的伸长，这一比例逐渐减小，直至小于其他鳍棘，这是稚鱼完成变态成为鱼种的重要标志。最早完成变态的稚鱼须在孵化后第35 d，全长30mm以上，但到第45d时，全长24mm的个体也可以完成变态。即使在相同的环境条件下，仔稚幼鱼的个体大小差异也很大，且越到后期差异越大。

Abstract:本文通过对2000年海上生产调查试验的总结分析，初步研究了西南大西洋鱿钓作业中有关钓钩和钓线使用的生产技术问题。结果表明：（1）不同颜色的钓钩的渔获效果有差异，以草绿色的渔获效果最好；（2）应将钓线保持在深海声波扩散层（DSL）的上方水层进行钓捕；（3）生产中应根据渔获物个体大小的变化对钓钩的规格、单根钓线的钓钩数量的钓线的粗度进行调整。渔汛初期可使用φ=1.0mm的钓钩、单根钓线装25－30只钓钩，钓线选用50－60只，渔汛末则可选用φ1.17-1.30mm的钓钩，单根钓线装15－20只钓钩，钓线选用80－90号。

Abstract:Vacuum humidifying machine is an important mainframe in the line of the production of smoke shell. It is very important of improving the quality of tobacco and raising the profits of cigarette factories to control effectively the process of manufacture and production parameters. For the problem of control system on vacuum humidifying machine, the method of adopting computer direct control is put forward and its software is developed on windows platform. The software makes course control automatic thoroughly and viewable, providing users a friendly interface which can make it convenient to adjust manufacture engineering and parameters according to actual situation. The software of the control system and its design are described in detail in this paper.

Abstract:采用BPY培养基，在最佳培养条件：温度为37℃、初始pH为7．0、溶氧量为40mL/250mL,230r/min接种量为4％下，测定了纳豆芽孢杆菌菌株SFU－18的生长曲线，从而确定了纳豆芽杆菌的最佳接种种龄以及收获时间。然后，在种子培养液其他成分保持不变的情况下，分别改变氮源、碳源、无机盐、生长因子进行单因素实验（以原种子液为对照），采用L（9）3^4正交表设计实验进行培养基的优化，确定了纳豆芽孢杆菌液体深层发酵的最佳培养基配比为：玉米淀粉1％、豆粕粉5％、玉米浆1．5％、NaClO.2%。

Abstract:采用涂布聚偏二氯乙烯的聚酯与聚乙烯复合薄膜袋（KPET／PE）气调包装草鱼段，混合气体为：CO2、O2和N2。实验测定五组气体配比不同的草鱼段气调包装袋内顶隙气体的动态变化。结果表明，KPET／PE具有很好的气体阻隔性。在0℃贮藏时，最初两天内草鱼段气调包装袋内CO2浓度快速下降，随后下降缓慢，达到相对平稳；O2浓度在最初两天内略有上升，随后缓慢小幅下降。在4℃贮藏时，CO2浓度在贮藏后期有所上升；O2浓度在贮藏后期下降速度加快。草鱼气调包装适宜的气体配比为：50％CO2＋10％O2＋40％N2，在此配比下，气体体积（Vg)与草鱼段重量（W）之比为2：1和3：1时，均有较好的贮藏效果。

Abstract:The Lactobacillus plantarum studied was previously found to produce wide spectrum antibacterial substance. Purification methods of the antibacterial substance were studied in this paper. Ethanol extraction, sephadex G 15 gel chromatography and reverse phase chromatography were used to purify the antibacterial substance. Amino acid composition of the antibacterial substance was detected. According to the result,it could be concluded that the L. Plantarum produced several kinds of low weight molecular, polypeptide like antibacterial substance.

Abstract:测定了鲢、大口黑鲈和团头鲂三种养殖淡水鱼肌肉脂质的含量、分布、成分及脂肪酸组成，调查了鲢肌肉脂质含量与体重的关系。结果表明：（1）肌肉脂质的主要成分是甘油三酯和极性脂，中性脂含量影响决定了肌肉的总脂含量。（2）腹部肌肉的脂质含量是背部的2－5倍。（3）鲢肌肉的脂质含量随体重的增加而增加。（4）主要的脂肪酸有16：0、16：1n-9,18:2n-6,18:3n-3,20:5n-3和22：6n-3，多烯酸的含量是15．8－32．9％，∑n-3与∑n-6的比率是2．5（鲢）、2．7（大口黑鲈）和0．3（团头鲂）。

Abstract:Different types of the solar assisted heat pumps were evaluated comprehensively, using analytic hierarchy process in this paper. The evaluating criteria were determined, and an analytic hierarchical structure model was created, and the weight values of all criteria were given with a computer program. Combined with the grades of all criteria, comprehensive grades of four types of solar assisted heat pumps were given, using a way of the linearity weight. Then the evaluation results were given comprehensively and objectively.

Abstract:The topology of artificial neural network ensure its powerful capacities such as association memory, self organization, auto adjustment, self learning and error tolerability. Properly trained ANN model possessed the flexibility as well as high accuracy. ANN, widely used as dynamic information system, was used in various fields such as pattern recognition, fitting,classification and decision making and prediction, so on. There are various issues related to above discussed fields in fisheries sciences. The principle and structure of ANN was discussed in this paper. Some examples such as applying BP (Error Back Propagation algorithm) and SOFM (Self Organization Feature Mapping) or Kohonen model to classification and pattern recognition, image process and identification, prediction and assessment, system simulation as well as optimization and multi objective decision were also introduced. Some restrictions or shortcomings of ANN modeling were also discussed according to the principle of modeling and data preprocessing. Furthermore, without cross verification, a network with a large number of weights and a modest amount of training data can overfit the training data, learning the noise present in the data rather than the underlying structure. The trend of ANN applications was put forward according to combination of fuzzy mathematics, mathematical logic, topology sciences as well as uncertainty.

Abstract:主要组织相容性复合体 (ｍａｊｏｒｈｉｓｔｏｃｏｍｐａｔｉｂｉｌｉｔｙｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ ,ＭＨＣ)是指染色体上由一系列紧密连锁的基因位点所组成的具有高度多态性的复合遗传系统或区域[1 ] 。ＭＨＣ广泛参与免疫应答的诱导与调节 ,激发机体特异性免疫反应 ,在免疫学上具有极为重要的意义。在鱼类 ,ＭＨＣ研究刚刚开始。1　哺乳动物的ＭＨＣ目前对人和小鼠的ＭＨＣ有较详细的研究[1 ] 。 1 999年人类的ＭＨＣ基因组测序工作已经全部完成[2 ] 。人类ＭＨＣ又称ＨＬＡ(ＨｕｍａｎＬｅｕｋｏｃｙｔｅＡｎｔｉｇｅｎ ,人类白细胞抗原 ) ,定位在…

Abstract:采用尽可能快的冻结速度是保证食品冻结质量的主要方法。冻结时间的长短取决于被冻食品的几何尺寸、几何形状、含水率、热导率、冷却介质温度及其与被冻食品之间的对流换热强度等因素。冷却介质温度取决于热交换器的复合换热效率 ;而食品的含水率、热导率等参数是由食品固有性质决定的 ,不能进行人为地改变。因此 ,对于以空气为冷却介质的冻结装置 ,为了实现快速冻结 ,唯一可行的途径就是在技术经济指针允许的前提下 ,最大限度地降低冷却介质的温度和提高冷却介质与被冻食品之间的对流换热强度。由此可见 ,除了冷却介质温度高低之外 ,配风系…

Abstract:20世纪 90年代以来 ,日本、泰国、中国等许多亚洲国家和地区因虾病流行 ,对虾养殖产量锐减 ,造成重大经济损失。其中危害最严重的就是白斑综合征 (ｗｈｉｔｅｓｐｏｔｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ ,ＷＳＳ) ,其病原体为白斑综合征病毒 (ｗｈｉｔｅｓｐｏｔｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅｖｉｒｕｓ ,ＷＳＳＶ) [1 - 3] 。 1 993年 5 - 8月 ,我国沿海从南到北对虾养殖场发生了大面积的对虾爆发性流行病 ,损失非常严重[4,5] 。关于ＷＳＳ的研究已成为近年来国内外水产养殖病害研究的热点[6- 1 2 ] 。随着ＷＳＳＶ研究的深入 ,有关ＷＳＳ的病原、病理、诊断方法、检测技…

Abstract:有关鱼类胚胎和仔鱼发育的研究 ,已有文献报道[1 - 5] 。神仙鱼 (Ｐｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍｓｃａｌａｒｅ) ,又名燕鱼、天使鱼、小鳍帆鱼 ,原产于南美的亚马逊河 ,是重要的观赏鱼类。作者曾报道了温度和光照对神仙鱼胚胎发育的影响[6] ,本文对神仙鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的形态学进行了观察和研究。1　材料与方法1 .1　材料实验亲鱼取自长春市某水族馆 ,配对饲养在水深 2 5ｃｍ的玻璃水族箱中 ( 4 5ｃｍ× 35ｃｍ× 30ｃｍ) ,水温2 7℃ ,每天换水 1次 ,投鲜活饵料 2次。通过自行产卵获得受精卵。1 .2　方法孵出的仔鱼移到 1 5ｃｍ× 2 5ｃｍ× 2 …

Abstract:中华绒螯蟹 (Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ)也称河蟹 ,通过人工繁殖蟹苗进行精养或半精养的养殖方式是从 2 0世纪 90年代初开始的 ,但发展极快。 94年以后 ,大规模的人繁蟹苗和成蟹养殖在苏、浙、皖、沪等省市迅速展开 ,在许多水产养殖地区河蟹养殖业已成为渔业生产的主业。近几年来河蟹病害已成为河蟹养殖成败的主要问题 ,而中华绒螯蟹抖抖病是目前危害最大、流行最广、造成河蟹养殖业经济损失最大的一种疾病。作者对该病的原因、病理研究后 ,为了能更有效地控制该病的发生和发展 ,又进行了该病流行病学方面的观察 ,根据疾病的流行…

Abstract:甲壳素又称无水 -Ｎ -乙酰基 -Ｄ氨基葡萄糖缩聚体 ,许多乙酰胺葡萄糖单体通过 1 ,4糖苷键连接在一起。甲壳素经浓碱液处理后 ,分子中乙酰胺基会部分水解脱除 ,当分子中半数以上的乙酰基脱除便成为壳聚糖。由于甲壳素单体Ｃ2 位上乙酰胺基取代了羟基 ,它不溶于稀酸稀碱和有机溶剂 ,其性质类似纤维素。当半数以上的乙酰基被脱除就可以在酸中溶解[1 ] 。当壳聚糖溶解在酸性溶液中 ,单体分子上的游离胺基 ( -ＮＨ2 )质子化而带正电 ( -ＮＨ3 )变成阳离子聚合物 ,能吸附一些带负电荷的物质。基于此 ,人们对壳聚糖的抑菌机理有着不同的解释 ,也研…