Abstract:从海带孢子体的酶解单细胞中提取的基因DNA，可用于随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）的重复性研究。通过对扩增反应体系中各因子和扩增程序的梯度实验，确定优化反应体系为：0.2μmol/L引物，1.5mmol/LMg^2 ,100μmol/L dNTP,1.0U Taq DNA聚合酶，30ng模板DNA，优化反应程序为：94℃变性2min，接着45个循环包括94℃变性1min，37℃退火1min,72℃延伸2min，最后72℃延伸10min。在此优化条件下得到的RAPD图谱的较好的特异性和重复性，为海带遗传多样性，种质鉴定，分子标记及辅助育种等研究提供了有用的手段。

Abstract:无齿相手蟹的幼体发育经过4个sou状幼体和1个大眼幼体期。大水温25－26℃，盐度15，光照度200－200Lx的条件下，从第一期sou状幼体出膜到大眼幼体出现历时12d；大眼幼体至第一期幼蟹出现为4－5d。作者观察的无齿相手蟹各期幼体的形态与Baba所描述的有些不同，尤其是各期sou状幼体第1，2颚足的刚体数本文结果均分别为不变的10根和4根，且按2，2，3，3和1，1，1，1有规律的排列，本文还对相手蟹属的幼体形态特征进行讨论和简要总结。

Abstract:The three breeds of red carp in Jiangxi Province, namely Cyprinus carpio var. wuyuanensis in Wuyuan County, Cyprinus carpio var. xingguonensis in Xinguo County, and Cyprinus carpio var. wananensis in Wanan County are important cultivation breeds in China. In this paper, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used for molecular biology analysis of genetic diversity among these three red carps for the first time. Forty random primers were used for the analysis of nuclear DNA polymorphism of the three breeds of red carp in Jiangxi Province and wild carp. A clustering analysis was made based on RAPD results with UPGMA and NJ methods in PHYLIP software package (version 3.5) and the phylogenetic trees were constructed. The results show that the intra-breed genetic similarity of Cyprinus carpio var. wuyuanensis is the highest (0.809) and the heterozygosity is the lowest, while the genetic similarity between Cyprinus carpio var. xingguonensis and Cyprinus carpio var. wananensis is the highest (0.745 ), indictating their genetic relationship is closer.

Abstract:The nutritional value of new hatched Artemia nauplii of six geographic strains ( CangZhou, HeBei; HuangHua.HeBei; WuDi, ShanDong; CuoLe, Tibet; XiLinHaoTe, Inner Monglia; BaLiKun Hu,XinJiang) in China was examined. The protein contents of the nauplii were 46% - 53% of dry weight , and the lipid contents were 21% - 26% of dry weight. 17 kinds of amino acids of the nauplii were detected. The content of total amino acids was 38% - 44% . The percentages of the essential amino acid in total amino acid were 48% - 50% . The six strains nauplii contained abundant 20: 5n - 3 and a small amount of 18: 3n - 3. They were marine type. Compositions of the fatty acid were different among Artemia nauplii of the different strains. The contents of 18:2n -6 and 20:5n - 3 were significantly affected by producing area. The contents of 20:5n - 3 from Cuole, Tibet and Xilinhaote, Inner Monglia were 23.52% and 7.90% respectively ,which were the highest and the lowest in the six strains. 22: 6n - 3 was not detected in the strains.

Abstract:The activities of CAT and SOD and the effects of the activities of CAT and SOD under the different conditions of NH3-N in internal sac of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta were investigated. The results showed that the activities of CAT and SOD were different in the varying concentrations of NH3-N,and the activities of CAT declined with the increasing of the concentrations of NH3-N. When the concentrations of NH3-N was 1-4 mg/L, the activity of CAT was higher than that of the control group, and when 5-6 mg/L, the activity of CAT was lower than that of the control group, on the other hand, when the concentrations of NH3-N was 1-4 mg/L, the activities of SOD increased with the increasing of the concentrations of NH3-N, and when 4mg/L, the activities of SOD were maximum, and when 5 - 6mg/L, the activities of SOD declined. The activities of CAT and SOD of abalone also were affected by the concentrations of NH3-N at the different temperatures.

Abstract:In the light of the current movement of Chinese fishery in the Beibu Gulf, the paper deals with the impacts on implementing the Sino-Viernamese Fishery Agreement in the Beibu Gulf. It's estimated that a loss of RMB 99.3 billion yuan would be suffered in that numerous fishing boats in the region of the South Ghina Sea would withdraw from the west gulf after the demarcation, Meanwhile, the fact that it' s difficult for the fishermen to transfer themselves to other types of work would render the fisheries resources in Chinese inshore waters suffer more fishing pressure and have an influence on the management of the system of the time and area closures for the mechanized fishing boat. In addition, the fishermen have difficulty in mastering the position of the demarcation line in the Beibu Gulf. Because some suggestions are put forward in the light of the situation. Firstly, an effort should be made for a nationwide comprehension on the conservation of fishery resources. Secondly, the fishing efforts should be reduce and the fisheries structures be further adjusted. Thirdly, investigation of the fishery resources should be strengthened. Finally, an independent executive agency is anticipated to be established to study the potential problems and countermeasures.

Abstract:益生菌具有促进动物生长，提高机体免疫能力等生理功能，常用作微生态饲料添加剂。菌体SFU－9是一株蜡状芽杆菌，该菌株在不利环境下能够以孢子形式存在，具有耐高温，耐酸碱和耐挤压等优点，较乳酸菌，酵母菌等益生菌更能保持活菌状态，适合饲料加工业的需要。该研究以菌株SFU－9进行实验，研究发酵温度，接种量，培养基初始pH值，溶解氧等因素对菌株生长的影响，确定出最佳培养条件为：培养基初始pH值为6．0－6．5，接种量5％（相对摇瓶装液量），培养温度30－32℃，装液量28-33mL/250mL。发醇液中的活菌数可达10^11cfu/mL。在此基础上，采用单因子和正交实验相结合的方法，确定出最佳发酵培养基组成为：玉米淀粉2．0％，啤酒酵母1．5％，NaH2PO40.2%,Na2HPO40.2%,玉米浆2．0％。是以最佳培养基配方给菌体提供营养，在最佳培养条件下培养，可以使发酵液中的活菌数高达10^12cfu/mL.

Abstract:本文测定了鳙，团头鲂和乌鳢三种养殖淡水鱼即杀死后在5℃贮藏过程中糖元，乳酸含量和pH值的变化。结果表明：鳙，团头鲂和乌鳢的糖元含量比海水鱼的低，并在24h内全部分解完毕。乳酸含量在死后24－60h达到且维持在高位。三种淡水鱼即杀的pH值与海水鱼的接近，但死后量低的pH值比海水鱼的高，pH值的低值阶段出现在死后36－60h间。

Abstract:使用蜗牛酶对水溶性部分脱乙酰化甲壳素进行降解，由粘度降低（△1/[η]）对时间的变化曲线确定降解反应初始速率，该降解曲线呈非线性，而且浓盐酸降解的曲线呈现较好的线性。随着甲壳素脱乙酰度的降低，酶降解反应速率迅速增加，表明乙酰基对蜗牛酶降解甲壳素起着重要作用。对蜗牛酶浓度和底物浓度对降解反应速率影响的研究表明该酶反应遵照Michaelis-Menten动力学。

Abstract:研究不同配比的O2,CO2和N2的混合气体对罗氏沼虾的气调保鲜效果，采用涂布聚脂／聚丙烯（K－PET／PE）厚度为78μm的复合薄膜，用酯比为60％CO2/30%N2/10％O2及配比为75％CO2／20％N2／50％O2的两种不同的混合气体对罗氏沼虾进行气调保鲜包装，在6℃左右贮藏，通过与空气对照组的比较，发现混合气体可有效抑制微生物的生长并降低TVB－N的生成，而且含有高浓度CO2和低浓度O2的混合气体对微生物繁殖和TVB－N的抑制效果更好，实验结果表明：两种气调包装的罗氏沼虾经感官评定其一级鲜度可保持到第6天，二级鲜度和延续到第10天。

Abstract:A method for the purification of melanin extracted from squid ink was introduced in this paper. After removing most associated impurities by acid washing and concentrated acid hydrolysis, DMSO was added in order to dissolve the melanin completely, then the melanin was precipitated by adding acetone due to the change of polarity in the solvent system. Finally, recrystallization was repeated for three times and refined melanin pigment was obtained. Besides, the physical and chemical properties of the refined melanin were determined, including ultraviolet-visible and infrared (IR) spectra. The results revealed that the melanin is an irregular high-polymer consisting of indole structure.

Abstract:On the basis of the theory of analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics, the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for fish sauce quality was estabished. The reciprocal comparison between fifferent indexes, which were sensory evaluation, amino nitrogen, total nitrogen, specific gravity, T-VBN, salt concentration, red index and acidity,was used to obtain the judge matrixes about the importance of every index during the evaluation of fish sauce quality.The weights (W) of these indexes,0. 356, 0. 189,0. 107,0. 054,0. 097,0. 063,0. 061,0. 073 sequentially ,were the weighting geometric means of feature vectors form the judge matrixes. After the defintion of the fuzzy function the fuzzy matrix (R) could be obtained. The accumulation of the weighting fuzzy degree of every index in different fish sauce, which was the result of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of fish sauce quality, equaled the weights multiplying the fuzzy matrix. Meanwhile an example for the utilization of fish fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was given.

Abstract:同工酶是生物体内基因转录和翻译的直接产物，它反映了编码酶蛋白的ＤＮＡ序列信息，酶谱的变化反应了等位基因和位点的变化。利用凝胶电泳技术，能够得到具有较好的同源性和可比较性的同工酶谱，通过对酶谱的进一步分析，可以较深入、直接地了解物种的遗传信息。Ｃｈａｎｇ等首先将同工酶凝胶电泳应用于高等植物天然种群研究，而该技术在藻类学领域得以应用则是自Ｆｒｅｄｒｉｃｋ开始，同工酶电泳技术的使用大大促进了人们对种的遗传过程的认识，并且随着生化分析技术的提高，这种研究方法不断得以完善，研究领域继续拓展。下面就同工酶电…

Abstract:益生菌可被定义为对人体具有健康促进作用，可作为功能性食品配料的活性微生物制品。益生菌与人体健康的关系正逐步为人们所认识和了解。早在２０世纪初，诺贝尔奖获得者，俄国科学家ＥｌｉｅＭｅｔｃｈｎｉｋｏｆｆ就提出了益生菌的概念假说，他认为保加利亚人的长寿是因为长期饮用发酵乳制品的结果，理由是发酵制品中的乳酸杆菌能改善肠道内的微生物平衡，降低产毒微生物的活性。时至今日，保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌仍被广泛应用于酸奶生产中，但益生菌的研究领域已得到拓宽，研究最多的有乳酸杆菌属（Ｌａｃｔｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ）和双…

Abstract:在湖泊和海湾等水域水体富营养化控制的研究中，采用种植高等水生植物和藻类的方法控制Ｎ、Ｐ等营养物取得了较好的效果。在闭合循环水产养殖系统和水族馆生态系统中，采用生物脱氮和脱磷技术来控制水体营养盐浓度是最经济、安全和有效的方法之一。藻皮净化装置是一种创造利于藻上皮固着生长的装置，可作为养殖废水处理（Ｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒ）系统的组成单元，通过调整藻皮生物种类，该装置可适用于高盐、低盐和淡水养殖系统。本文通过构建底栖硅藻舟形藻（Ｎａｖｉｃｕｌａ　ｓｐ．）藻皮，研究其对闭合循环水产养殖系统和水族馆生态系统…

Abstract:甲壳动物血淋巴细胞的种类、数量与其免疫功能密切相关。对甲壳动物血淋巴细胞进行研究，无论在理论上还是在实践上，都具有十分重要的意义。有关甲壳动物血淋巴细胞形态、结构及其分类的研究，国内外已有文献报道，本文对经济价值较高的三疣梭子蟹的血淋巴细胞进行了初步研究，旨在丰富相关方面的资料，为进一步研究提供参考。１ 材料与方法 （１）实验动物 健康三疣梭子蟹雌雄各２０尾，取自长春市某渔场。 （２）血涂片制作 用１ｍＬ注射器先吸取１０％海水甲醛０．１ｍＬ，再从围心腔抽取等量血淋巴液。混均后按常规法涂片。 （３）血细…

Abstract:日本对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓ　ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ）是一种经济价值很高的甲壳动物，具有生命力旺盛，抗病力强，可短时间离水，利于运输和鲜活上市等优点。但近年来，病毒性虾病造成对虾养殖大面积减产，而组织培养技术是研究病毒学的基础。建立细胞株（系）以供病毒的分离。纯化，井进行各种特性的分析，为进一步研究单克隆抗体奠定基础。培养对虾的免疫细胞是研究对虾免疫机能和筛选免疫增强药物的手段，从而为解决虾病防治问题开辟一条有效途径。对虾的组织培养研究已于１９９４年列入国家海洋攀登Ｂ计划［４］。Ｈｕ［５］将中国对虾肝胰…

Abstract:蟹肉罐头生产过程中经常出现的变色问题有黑变、蓝变、褐变等。其中黑变、褐变的原因已被专家查明。致于蓝变机理，众多专家进行了各种研究，提出了各种各样的观点。其中有硫化铜观点，即由于蟹肉加热产生了硫化氢和血液中的铜形成硫化铜而变蓝；还有酶观点，即蟹的血液里存在着各种各样的酶，这些酶作用于血蓝蛋白而产生蓝色；另外还有缩二尿反应观点等等。目前，虽然没有一种观点能得到证实，但是大部分观点都与蟹肉中血蓝蛋白的铜有关。因此，众多学者就如何除去蟹肉中的血蓝蛋白（血液）或铜离子做了不少研究。据报导有放血法、充分煮熟…