Abstract:This paper deals with the dominant fork length composition, shape characteristics and the fork length of Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) at the first sexual maturity, based on the relationship between the cod end mesh size and the biological characteristics of the fish body. The measurement results show that the dominant fork length of Chilean jack mackerel in 2000 is between 250-300mm. The linear relationships between the fork length(L) and the height(a), width(b) and girth(c) of fish bodies can be respectively described as 2a=0.1858L-3.5219, 2b=0.1339L-4.299 and c=0.4803L-3.4794. The optimum inner mesh size of the cod end for Chilean jack mackerel trawl is 115-120 mm.

Abstract:研究了培养介质的Na 、K 和Mg2 浓度、Na ∶K 比、pH值、培养温度以及培养时间和底物ATP -Na2量对斑节对虾鳃Na /K ATPase活性的影响。培养介质中Na 浓度为 5 0～ 10 0mM、K 浓度为 2 5～ 30mM、Mg2 浓度为 8～ 2 0mM、Na ∶K 比在 10∶1～ 2∶1、pH 7.0～ 7.5时 ,Na /K ATPase活性较高 ,Na /K ATPase活性随着培养温度升高而增大。Na /K ATPase反应时释放出的无机磷 (Pi)累积量与培养时间呈直线性增加。底物ATP Na2 浓度达到 1.0 4mM时 ,Na /K ATPase活性达到最高 ,随着ATP Na2 量的增多 ,Na /K ATPase活性并未增大

Abstract:In the natural sea zone, fingerling and adult Pseudoseciaena croceas were cultured in net cages, and the experiment of fingerling overwintering was done. The result indicated that at fingerling stage, the growth speed of P. crocea could exponentially increase, relating to the reduction of culture density; at adult stage, the growth speed was even. P. crocea could naturally overwinter at Xiangshan area, Zhejiang Province, and it could reach the marketable size after having been cultured for two years.

Abstract:In China, people believe that ingestion of fish gall bladder may improve their visual acuity. However, poisoning cases are of frequent occurrence when people ingest fish bile. In a long term, the intoxication of fish gall bladder is seriously threatening the victims'lives and health. In the past 35 years from 1964 to 1999, according to incomplete statistics 451 persons suffered poisoning for swallowing the gall bladder of cyprinds, among which 83 resulted in death. The death rate is 18.04%. This paper deals with the introduction of the conditions on gall bladder poisonous fish in China, the components of toxic substances (cyprinol) of bile juice, the animal experiment of acute intoxication, symptom of poisoning and treatment of victims. After the animal experiments and investigation, 12 species of freshwater fishes have been found to contain toxins in their gall bladders. These species all belong to the family of Cyprinidae. These results theoretically show that it is dangerous to swallow any bile juices of cyprinids fishes.

Abstract:The protoplasts were isolated enzymatically from the gametophytic blades of the wild type and red mutant of Porphyra haitanensis and from the wild type blades of Porphyra yezoensis, respectively. Protoplast fusions were made by treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution. Many heterokaryocytes formed after the PEG solution was diluted out. The rate of intrageneric fusion was 9.7%-12.4% for P.haitanensis, and 10%-11.5% for P.yezoensis. The fusion rate became higher as the molecular weight of PEG increased from 1 540 to 6 000. Fusion products that involved one red and one wild type protoplasts in P.haitanensis were picked out and individually cultured. After 30 days of culture, one of them developed into a chimeral blade composed of two sectors showing red and wild type color. While, a fusion product involving two red protoplasts developed into a red blade that has two rhizoids at the top and basal ends of the blade. However, protoplasts isolated from the blade, regenerated into red blades, which only have one rhizoid at the basal end of the blade. After culture of 15-20 days, intrageneric fusion products of P.yezoensis developed into cell masses, which released many spores to germinate into normal wild type blades.

Abstract:根据拖网网囊目尺寸与鱼体生物学存在智利Jia鱼的优势叉长组成、形体特征、初次性腺成熟时的叉长等进行了分析，通过现场测试得出2000年智利竹Jia鱼的优势叉长为250-300mm；体高、体宽和体周与叉长存在线性关系，分别为2a=0.1858L-3.5219,2b=0.1339L-4.299,c=0.4803L-3.4794，并对智利竹Jia鱼拖网网囊网目尺寸进行了分析与计算，认为智利竹Jia鱼拖网网囊的最适网目内径为115-120mm。

Abstract:According to the statistical data of total farming area (total production and yield per unit area) in Shandong Province from 1978 to 1999, the present paper discusses the effects of farming area and yield per unit area on the total farming production in the past 20 years. The very study shows that in the last 20 years, the yield per unit area of mariculture in Shandong Province did not increase very fast and the contribution to total marine farming production was lower. It was found that in the last 20 years, the marine farming area in Shandong Province increased consistently. Although the total marine farming area increased rapidly after the middle of 90's, the yield per unit area decreased. The differences between them were extremely obvious. The contribution of enlarged reproduction by increasing farming area for total farming production is much bigger than that of farming technique over the last 20 years. This is the one of main characteristics in the development of marine farming in Shandong Province. The enhancement of the farming technique is the key to the sustainable development of mariculture in Shandong Province.

Abstract:It is an important task for the world to reduce the excessive fishing capacity. Since the 1950s, the marine fishing intensity of China has been expanding, especially,in terms of rapid increase of fishing gear and methods for high productivity, expansion of powered fishing vessels in quantity and power, continuous increase of fishermen in quantity. China has undertaken some measures to restrict the fishing intensity. However, the result is unsatisfactory. This paper discusses and analyses the factors that affect the efficiency of these measures, then puts forward some suggestions: 1. Adjust the structure of fishery industry; 2. Implement the guide line of restricting fishing intensity seriously; 3.Carry out scrap and buy back scheme of fishing vessels; 4. Limit the total allowable catch; 5. Constitute community organization for fishermen to implement fishery management by themselves.

Abstract:研究了培养介质的Na^ 、K^ 和Mg^2 浓度、Na^ ：K^ 比、pH值，培养温度以及培养时间和底物ATP-Na2量对斑节对虾 锶Na^ /K^ -ATPase活性的影响，培养介质中Na^ 浓度为50-100mM、K^ 浓度为25-30mM、Mg^2 浓度为8-20mM、Na^ :K^ 比在10：1-2：1、pH7.0-7.5时，Na^ /K^ -ATPase活性较高，Na^ /K^ -ATPase活性随着培养温度升高而增大，Na^ /K^ -ATPase反应时释放出的无机磷（Pi)累积量与培养时间呈直线性增加，底物ATP-Na2浓度达到1.04mM时，Na^ /K^ -ATPase反应时释放出的无机磷（Pi)累积量与培养时间呈超级一性增加，底物ATP-Na2浓度达到1.04mM时，Na^ /K^ -ATPase活性达到最高，随着ATP-Na2量的增多，Na^ /K^ -ATPase活性并未增大。

Abstract:In this paper, the under water purge machine with propeller is designed by using a collection of illustrative plates in order to fit with complex earth condition under water. The calculating result shows that one propeller will increase the force by about 300N. It well meets the requirement. After testing at the site, the purge machine with propeller is obviously advanced to increase its capacity and was approved by inspective authority.

Abstract:Considering the thermophysical properties and price of insulating material, the structure and requirements of a cold storage, the type of insulating material was selected by the method of fuzzy multiple judgement, the thickness of the insulating layer was decided by the method of economical thickness which was based on economic benefit. Therefore the sum of the initial investment, the operating cost and the drying loss cost was reduced to a minimum. MATLAB 5.3 was used to optimize the design of insulating material. The economical and reasonable results were obtained.

Abstract:Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was extracted from the cuttlefish ink with pH 7.2 sodium phosphate extraction buffer. The crude enzyme extract was fractionated with solid ammonium sulfate of 30%-80% saturation. After dialysis, the enzyme solution was purified by DEAE Sepharose CL 6B column chromatography and Sephadex G 150 column chromatography respectively. A 10.78 fold purification of PPO was obtained. The result from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified enzyme indicated that only one band was found using silver stain and PPO activity stain, respectively.

Abstract:The extraction of glycosaminoglycan(GAG) from Perna virids was studied.The conditions for proteinase hydrolysis and the deposition with ethanol were proposed.The findings in antitumor test indicated the inhibition rate on Sarcoma 180 was 52.4% when the dosage of P. viridis glycosaminoglycan used was 80 mg/kg,and the weight of spleen (immunity organ) in mice was obviously increased.

Abstract:血液是动物体内一种极其重要的组织。正常血液指标值能反映物种的属性和动物的正常生理状态。鱼类血液与机体的代谢、营养状况及疾病有着密切的关系 ,当鱼体受到外界因子的影响而发生生理或病理变化时 ,必定会在血液指标中反映出来。因而 ,血液指标被广泛地用来评价鱼类的健康状况、营养状况及对环境的适应状况 ,是重要的生理、病理和毒理学指标[1 ] 。对鱼类血液学进行研究 ,不仅在鱼类血液生理的基础理论方面是重要的 ,而且在鱼类的人工养殖、鱼病防治方面也是重要的[2 ] 。1　血细胞参数的研究血细胞的某些参数特征可用来判断鱼体健康养…

Abstract:随着经济甲壳动物养殖业的发展 ,需要供应大量可靠的高质量卵 ,因此如何促进虾蟹卵巢发育是经济甲壳动物养殖业中的重要问题[1 ,2 ] ,对影响虾蟹类卵巢发育的激素和产生它们的组织及器官已进行了不少的研究工作。传统的方法是切除眼柄诱导其卵巢发育和产卵 ,由于手术破坏和去除了该动物的主要神经激素中心 ,尤其是性腺抑制激素 (ＧＩＨ)的天然来源 ,结果出现去眼柄动物迅速地不停地性腺发育 ,从而导致卵的质量下降 ,同时对动物损伤较大 ,死亡率也较高[3 ,4] 。目前对如何促进虾蟹卵巢发育这一问题的解决尚在探索之中 ,特别是如何使用外源激…

Abstract:

Abstract:海洋石油污染是个全球性的问题。根据有关调查资料表明 ,我国沿海的海岸带和近海的石油污染是海洋污染最严重的问题之一。海洋贝类由于特殊的生活习性 ,体内很容易积累石油烃 ,使贝肉生产异味 ,从而影响贝类的食用价值。但是 ,目前关于贝类体内积累石油烃产生异味的阈值研究比较少。本研究将石油烃加入贝类养殖水体中 ,观察贝肉内石油烃积累的规律 ,探讨贝肉内石油烃含量测定与感官评定方法 ,得出产生石油烃异味的阈值 ,同时对贝类石油烃净化的可能性作了探索。1　材料与方法1 .1　材料试验用的贝类品种选用青蛤和文蛤 ,从上海市集市中选购…

Abstract:鲍属海产珍品 ,早在 1 943年日本的学者就开始对鲍的生长和生理方面进行了研究[1 ] 。随后 ,进一步对鲍的生态、苗种生产、放流增殖等方面进行了较广泛的研究[2 - 5] ,七十年代日本养鲍产业到达了鼎盛期 ,年产量达到 640 0多吨。后来 ,由于陆上养鲍业的挫折 ,使鲍的产量大幅度下降。我国鲍的人工育苗和养殖开展于 1 980年前后 ,养殖的主要品种是我国北方的皱纹盘鲍 ,随着对皱纹盘鲍人工育苗技术的突破[6 ,7] ,使皱纹盘鲍的养殖从海区笼养、底播增养发展到陆上全人工养殖[8,9] 。但是 ,陆上全人工养殖的不少厂家存在着经济效益差 ,甚至亏损现…

Abstract:我国是世界上的渔业大国 ,1 998年水产品总产量达到了 390 0万吨。然而水产品产量不断增长所付出的代价是沉重的 ,使渔业生产的基础即渔业资源和渔业水域环境 ,出现了严重的衰退和恶化 ,影响着渔业资源的可持续利用。 1 999年农业部郑重宣布从 1 999年开始我国海洋捕捞产量实行零增长的目标 ,这一无疑为保护和养护我国近海渔业资源提供了政策性的保障 ,这也是符合世界渔业发展的趋势 ,同时对世界表明我国政府对渔业资源管理的决心。但是随着我国人口的不断增加 ,据预测到下世纪中叶 ,将达到 1 5 - 1 6亿。面对这巨大的人口压力 ,水产品的供…

Abstract:纳豆是日本的传统发酵食品 ,它是以大豆为原料 ,经纳豆芽孢杆菌 (Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｎａｔｔｏ)发酵而成。纳豆具有独特的风味和粘性 ,与我国的传统食品豆豉相似 ,但纳豆是由纯菌种发酵而成 ,时间较短 ,便于控制 ,其保健功能也远远高于豆豉。纳豆菌是在本世纪中期被发现并分离出来的 ,它不仅具有分解蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪等大分子物质的性能 ,使发酵产品中富含氨基酸、有机酸、寡聚糖等多种易被人体吸收的成分 ,而且在纳豆中还发现一些生理活性物质而使纳豆具有多种保健功能 ,如溶血栓[1 ,2 ] 、抗肿瘤[1 ,2 ] 、降血压[1 ,2 ] 、抗菌[1 …

Abstract:大豆亦称黄豆 ,是我人民群众倍受推崇的营养食品。我国盛产大豆 ,产量逐年增加 ,资源丰富 ,且大豆制品的生理价值高 ,是一种成本低、资源丰富的优质植物蛋白资源 ,富含氨基酸和大豆低聚糖、大豆皂甙、大豆异黄酮等生物活性物质[1 ] 。随着人民生活水平的不断提高 ,人们对营养的要求也越来越高 ,尤其是青少年的营养。 1 999年 3月 ,国家领导人多次强调指出 ,“要注意广大青少年和学生的合理营养问题” ;“在有条件的地方可让学生们每天增加一杯豆奶或牛奶。”[2 ] 但是 ,我国奶业是一个发展严重滞后的产业 ,牛奶的产量远远不能满足需要。研究…