Abstract:Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) markers were used to detected 4 populations genetic variation of 20 Chinese shrimps (Penaeus chinensis) along the coast of China, 5 from each of samples caught off Yantai, Changdao, Qingdao, and also for 5 individuals from a cultured sample collected off Ningbo. 9 primers screen from 50 random primers generated 54 RAPD bands, among which 36 were varied. The intra population genetic distances among those 4 populations (Yantai, Changdao, Qingdao, Ningbo) were 0.0154,0.0370,0.0462,0.0550, respectively. The inter population genetic distances among them were 0.0793,0.1139,0.0988,0.1485,0.0880,0.1260, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic tree constructed by UPGMA and NJ method suggested that there were some genetic variation among different geographic population.

Abstract:Wulin Mountains region is situated on the border between Guizhou plateau and Dongting Lake plain, and is the watershed of the upper and middle reaches of Changjiang River. 175 species and subspecies of fishes have been recorded in Wulin Mountains, about occupying 17% of the total freshwater fishes in the China, belonging to 6 orders, 18 families and 83 genera. All of them are the endemic freshwater fishes of Asia, with exception of Anguilla japonica that is migration species. About 50 species have commercial value, of which 7 species are endemic species in the region and 6 species are endangered throughout China. In this paper, the process and the position of the ichthyofauna in the zoogeographic division were analyses. Considering the differences between east and west slopes of Wulin Mountains range as remarkable, a zoogeographical boundary line suggested was lied on the Wulin Mountains. The line divided the part of South east Asia Subregion into two areas. Namely, Dongting Lake plain is belonged to the East China, Qinjiang river and Wujiang river are situated in the West China.

Abstract:This paper reports the pathogen and the immunological protective method of the cataract disease in cultured Rana tigrina rugulosa in Hainan. The pathogen isolated from the ill frog with typical characteristics was identified as Flavobacterium meningitidis. In all the 20 kinds of antimicrobial agents tested in this experiment, only vancomycin is susceptible and cefoperazone is intermediate susceptible to the pathogen, as to the other 18 kinds of antimicrobics are unsusceptible. After inoculation the health frogs with the vaccine prepared from the formalin killed Flavobacterium meningitidis, their sera agglutination titer and resistance to cataract disease improved obviously. It shows that the cataract disease in cultured Rana tigrina rugulosa can be successfully prevented by the vaccine.

Abstract:报道了不同硬度、酸碱度的水质对七彩神仙鱼性腺发育、产卵、授精及哺育幼苗的影响.结果表明,七彩神仙鱼性腺发育、产卵、授精和分泌"乳汁”哺育幼苗的水质最佳硬度为2～3.5°DH,最佳pH值为5.5～6.5.雄鱼繁殖时对水质条件的敏感度比雌鱼繁殖时更高.水质硬度提高到5°DH以上或pH值提高到7.0以上时,雄鱼几乎失去了对鱼卵的授精能力,而雌鱼仍能正常产卵受精.

Abstract:In this paper, the distribution and variation of light field with numbers of attracting fish lamp for squid were calcuated and its influence on the fishing performance of light pelagic trawl was analyzed. Then the lamplight intensity and overall arrangement were suitably equipped, the effective method of leading squid to pelagic trawl net was approached. The light pelagic trawl suited for deeper sea were designed based on the phototactic behavior of squid and the charateristic of pelagic trawl.An new flexible door for light pelagic trawl was successfully experimented. As a result, the better ecology and beneficial results were got.

Abstract:Based on the current condition of marine fishery resources in the world,this paper indicates that warning system is of one the important methods in realizing the sustainable use of marine fishery resources.The paper also introduces the concept,structure,content and characteristics of early warning system in the sustainable use of marine fishery resources.The paper analyzes the concept and content of both warning means and warning indicator in the early warning system,and the running mechanism of early warning system as well.In the end,the paper initially builds the system structure of warning indicators in the sustainable use of marine fishery resources.

Abstract:本文从感官、僵硬指数和腺苷三磷酸（ATP）关联物三方面对链在保藏中的鲜度变化进行了探讨。结果表明：20℃保藏时僵硬产生快，解僵也快，10℃保藏可以推迟僵硬的到来，5℃保藏可以显著延长便硬期；即杀鲢ATP含量为3－4μmol/g，在保藏初期有轻微的上升，然后分解下降；IMP含量在保藏中有一个中间积累过程并哥达到较高的含量（＞4μmol/g）；ATP、IMP含量的变化和僵硬指数的变化基本同步；在5℃或10℃的保藏过程中次黄嘌呤核苷（HxR）作为ATP分解的终产物累积，20℃时则为次黄嘌呤（Hx）累积；保藏温较高（20℃）时，K值上升很快，5℃和10℃时则明显减缓。总之，鲢在室温（20℃）下鲜度变化快，即杀后需低温保藏。

Abstract:本研究探讨了不同冻结终温、冻结速率以及冻结贮藏温度下鲢鱼肉肌原纤维蛋白ATPase活性的变化。结果表明，冻结终温和冻结速率肌球蛋白变性的影响较小，即使在慢速冻结（从0℃经过72h冻结到－40℃）下，样品肌原纤维蛋白的Ca^2＋－、Mg^2＋－、EDTA－ATPase活性的变化都很小。在贮藏过程中，贮藏温度越低肌原纤维蛋白越稳定，而慢冻和快冻对于其后冻藏过程中肌原纤维蛋白变性的差异也不显著。与冻结速率和浆结终温相比，冻结贮藏温度的影响明显。

Abstract:大型Sou的总脂和脂肪酸组成随食物的变化及营养强化的实施而发生显著变化。酵母组总脂为2．5％，明显高于海水小球藻组（1．65％）和有机肥组（1．5％）。经鱼油强化或海水小球藻二次培养后脂类含量明显升高。三组中酵母组的MUFA含量是高为55％。主要是C16：1ω9（23％），而PUFA最低（16．6％），其中EPA（2．7％）、DHA（0．8％）等ω3HUFA含量均很低；与酵母组相比，海水小球藻组和有机肥组的MUFA含量显著下降，PUFA含量显著升高，均为30％－33％左右，三组中海水小球藻组EPA含量最高（14％），其次是有机肥组（5．9％）和酵母组（2．7％）；有机肥组DHA含量最高，达11．7％，而酵母组和海水小球藻组DHA含量均低，仅为0．7％－0．8％。经鱼油强化后，酵母组的MUFA含量显著下降，PUFA显著升高，EPA由2．7％提高到10％左右，DHA由0．8％以7％；酵母组经海水小球藻二次培养后MUFA显著降低，PUFA相应升高，EPA由2．7％提高到9．7％，而DHA含量无变化。

Abstract:微能源在食品工业中的应用日益广泛。本文对不同高夺静电场强冻结的马薯在－20℃下贮藏的品质变化进行了实验研究。研究发现：无电场冻结的样品的质地在相同的贮藏期内最差；经较低场强冻结的样品之间的质地特性差别不大，但较无电场冻结的要高；经强电场250kV/m冻结的样品的质地较好。在较低场强下冻结的样品的持水能力较无电场冻结的要差；经250kV/m电场处理的样品失水率低，品质较好。

Abstract:For the problem of breaking stalk with hit shear type and stubble with double shafts, the principle of press chop type with single shafe and the models of chopping with knife of different radius are put forward. The key parameters of chopper are optimized. The outcome of field test shows that the rate of chopping is up to 91.4% as well as breaking 86.5% stubble. The application of this chopper is surely promoting technology of reservative tillage in dryland.

Abstract:鲍，为养殖的珍贵海产品，具有很高的营养价值和经济价值。近年来随着养殖规模的扩大、集约化程度的提高及沿海水质的日趋恶化，鲍病暴发流行，给养殖生产带来巨大的经济损失，严重阻碍了鲍养养殖业的发展。根据病原来分，鲍病可分为由生物引起的疾病和由非生物引起的疾病两大类。国外对鲍病的研究开展的较早，20世纪20年代就有鲍感染穿 孔生物的报道；自20世纪60年代以来，日本及其它一些国家的不者先后报道了鲍的外伤感染化脓、真菌病、肌肉萎缩症、细菌病及寄生性敌害生物等。我国学者近几年对气泡病、脓疱病、脓毒败血症、溃烂病、裂壳病及纤毛虫病等进行了专门的研究。本文以对国内外有关鲍病研究的状况作一概括。

Abstract:1990年，Wolff等发现将质粒DNA（裸露的DNA）注射给小鼠能引起外源基因的长期表达，接着Ulmer等进一步证实将病毒蛋白基因注射给动物能引起免疫反应，便诞生了DNA免疫技术。此后研究证明，编码病毒、细菌和寄生虫等不同种类抗原基因的质粒DNA能引起鸡、鼠、牲畜、灵长类和鱼等物种强烈而持久的免疫反应，它成为继减毒疫苗、灭活疫苗、亚单位疫苗和重组多肽疫苗之后又一新型疫苗。

Abstract:酸雨是全球性的环境问题。它对水环境的影响最主要的是引起ｐＨ值降低 ,使水域中栖息鱼群缩小或影响鱼类的生长。这方面的研究国内外已有一些报道[1 - 3] ,但低ｐＨ对鲤血液电解质影响的研究却少见。鱼类是水生态系统的重要组成部分 ,在水体污染的水质评价及水质监测的毒理学等方面的研究中都占有重要地位。当鱼类生活在受污染浓度很低的水体中就能引起其血液成分发生变化 ,使电解质平衡遭到破坏 ,而影响生理功能和损伤机体。本文以鲤 (Ｃｙｐｒｉｎｕｓｃａｒｐｉｏ)为对象 ,进行这方面的研究 ,旨在为探索致毒机理和深入毒理学研究提供理论…

Abstract:70年代以来 ,我国的冷库业发展很快 ,冷库的容量和规模都急剧增长 ,目前全国冷库的总容量已达50 0多万吨。据有关统计 ,我国冷库的动力费约为整个冷库仓储成本的 2 5%～ 30 %左右 ,在一般食品工厂的生产中 ,冷库动力耗电量约占全厂总耗电量的 50 %～ 60 %。因此 ,如何降低冷库的电耗、节约能源是一个十分的重要课题。 1 998年 1月 1日我国发布的《节约能源法》第四章第三十九条第 (二 )款明文规定“逐步实现电动机 ,风机 ,泵类设备和系统的经济运行 ,发展电机调速节电和电力电子技术…提高电能利用率。”近几年的节能实践表明 ,变频调速是理…

Abstract:河蟹学名中华绒螯蟹 ,俗称大闸蟹 ,通常又称河蟹 ,是我国的特产。产自我国各个地方的河蟹 ,在形态和生态上略有区别 ,其中以昆山阳澄湖和江苏太湖的清水大闸蟹最负盛誉。然而 ,当前河蟹的品质明显衰退 ,熟色不红、蟹壳硬、肉质粗松、腥味加重、口味不佳。同时 ,大闸蟹退位给了小绿蟹 ,即小规格蟹的数量多于大规格。河蟹养殖的经济效益严重滑坡。上海是河蟹运销和消费的重要城市 ,通过连续的市场调查 ,追踪和分析上海河蟹市场价格变化的特征及其折射出来的问题 ,将指导河蟹生产经营活动 ,使养蟹业走上可持续发展的健康道路。图 1　 1994- 199…

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Abstract:纤维素酶是自然界中最丰富的一类碳水化合物。由于它能促进动物肠道蠕动 ,刺激消化酶分泌 ,因而成为必不可少的饲料成分之一。但纤维素的性质稳定 ,对于酶的作用也具有很大的抵抗力。并且鱼虾消化道中一般不存在纤维素酶 ,虽有报道某些鱼类肠道中可检出纤维素酶 ,但其活性较低 ,对纤维素的分解极为有限[1 ] 。因此 ,纤维素基本上不能被鱼类利用。饲料中纤维素过多 ,会影响鱼类生长和饲料的利用。近年来 ,外源纤维素酶作为复合酶制剂的重要组分之一已广泛应用于畜禽饲料中 ,并在生产中取得良好效果。但对水产动物的应用研究尚未见报道。本试…

Abstract:近十几年来 ,石斑鱼的网箱和池塘养殖蓬勃发展 ,但由于管理不善 ,养殖密度高 ,水质恶化等因素 ,致使病害不断发生 ,养殖石斑鱼常因细菌、真菌、寄生虫等的侵袭而大批死亡。病害的发生必然使用药物 ,生产上常用的防治方法是用药物对鱼体进行浸泡或全池泼洒 ,但在用药过程中因对药物的毒性不明、浓度使用不当而造成鱼中毒的情况时有发生。因此 ,有必要确定常用药物对石斑鱼的安全浓度范围。本试验得出的 5种常用水产药物对网纹石斑鱼 (Ｅｐｉｎｅｐｈｅｌｕｓｃｈｌｏｒｏｓｔｉｇｍａ)的安全浓度 ,可供养殖者使用药物时参考。1　材料与方法供…