Abstract:pairs of microsatellite primer were designed to characterize the genetic diversity within wild Cyprinus carpio and two cultivated stains, and the genetic relationship among them. The microsatellite data indicated that the average heterozygosity of three populations is 0.64, 0.40 and 0.38 respectively, demonstrating that the genetic diversity of wild common carp is the highest, and the frigid carp is more diversified than cold tolerant strain of red carp resource. This reveled that the artificial propagation and selective breeding maybe decrease genetic diversity. In this study, one population specific marker 209bp was found, it laid the foundation for further research concentrating on the linkage between the traits and the marker, and for molecular assistant breeding in fish. The genetic distance of three populations was calculated and cluster analysis was also carried out. The phylogeny reconstructed by the microsatellites data conformed to the artificial propagation operation of the cultivated strains.

Abstract:Altogether 98 species of the eggs and larvae of osteichthyes collected from the varied essential surveys in The Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea from April, 1982 to June, 1993 were recorded in this paper. Spawning periods of the fishes were described in greater detail. Biological characteristics of the eggs and larvae were also explicated, such as diameters of egg and its oil globule, structures of egg membrane and yolk, hatching time, and total length of newly hatched larvae, etc.

Abstract:The present paper reports the definition of ciguatera, original and toxicology of the ciguatoxin ;symptoms, treatment and prevention of ciguatera fish poisoning, and the species of ciguatoxic fishes in China. The results show that the 45 ciguatoxic species were found in Taiwan , Xisha Islands as well as south Hainan Island, China in the past 20 years.

Abstract:Six diets: mussel, oyster, trash shrimp, trash crab, trash fish and formula diet were fed the spiny lobster, Panulirus stimpsoni, for 104 days. And the effects of various diets on growth (molt increment, intermolt period) and survival for rearing the spiny lobster, Panulirus stimpsoni were determined. The results showed there were difference in growth rates, molt body weight growth rates, intermolt periods and food coefficients significantly along the various diets, and no significant difference in the molt body length growth rates and survival rates. The mussel was the best food for the culture of the spiny lobster, follows were the trash shrimp, trash crab and the oyster. The trash fish had to be fed for the spiny lobster in combination with some other kinds of diets. To improve the rearing effect is requirement for the artificial formula diet to add some components and feeding activators.

Abstract:采用酶技术，利用珍珠养殖场开珠后的废弃物－－马氏珍珠贝肉，研制珍珠贝肉营养液。结果显示，采用枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶和风味酶Ｆｌａｖｏｕｒｙｚｍｅ联合水解马氏珍珠贝肉的效果最好，通过正交试验法确定了酶法水解的最佳工艺条件是：温度５０℃，时间５ｈ，ｐＨ６．５，枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶和Ｆｌａｖｏｕｒｙｚｍｅ的添加量分别为０．６％和０．２５％。对营养液的营养价值进行分析评价，营养液中蛋白质达到７３．６ｍｇ／ｍＬ，

Abstract:以淡水鱼鲢为对象，研究其在５℃、１０℃、和２０℃保藏时鱼肉的ｐＨ值、ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性、糖原、乳酸含量变化，肌原纤维蛋白的变性和降解情况及鱼体的感官变化。实验结果表明：（１）鲢肌肉糖原含量低（８．２μｍｏｌ／ｇ），并在３～６ｈ内迅速降解。（２）鲢肌肉乳酸含量也低，在低温保藏下乳酸易于积累。（３）新鲜鱼肉的ｐＨ值为６．９７左右，接近中性；保藏过程中ｐＨ值下降的幅度小，最低可下降到６．６左右。（４）５℃

Abstract:Effect of Triton X 100 or water added on xanthan gum fermentation was with Xanthomonas campestris HL 9901 studied. It showed that: (1) 40ppm Triton X 100 added at the beginning of gum producing to the fermentation media had significant effect on the productivity, and its gum productivity reached 3.951g/100mL, exceeded the control by 11%. The carbon transformation ratio was 71.836%. However, it improved the viscosity of colloid by the addition of Triton X 100 at the initiate of fermentation is superior to the control. (2) If the carbon concentration was kept at 6.5%, the gum productivity reached 4.962g/100mL, increased by 15% when 20% water added after 36h fermentation, and the carbon transformation ratio was 76.338%.

Abstract:本文以一种市售微生态制剂为试材，对其产生的抑菌活性物质的生化性质做了研究，发现该抑菌物质显示活性的ｐＨ范围为４．０～６．０，ｐＨ值变化对其活性影响较大，ｐＨ值为７．０时活性全部消失；该活性物质对热不敏感，１２１℃处理３０ｍｉｎ后，其活性无明显变化；紫外光照射也不能使它失活；随发酵时间的延长，发酵液中的抑菌活性物质逐渐增加。根据其生化性质可以判断该抑菌物质是一种分子量较小，结构简单的多肽，具有广谱抑

Abstract:This paper discusses the technological problems of building a fishery database system to manage and retrieve under net environment, and the Web application program based on SQL Server 7.0 database is developed with ASP and ADO technology. An program example connecting the database and transferring the stored procedure based on SQL Server 7.0 using the technology is also displayed.

Abstract:Calcium alginate was coated on fishes of grouper, flat bream, genuine porgy, Japanese seabass, greater yellow croaker, etc to extend their storage life in ice box. The chemical and physical indexes of freshness such as K value, TMA (trimethyl amine), VB N (volatile base nitrogen), total counts of bacteria, and sensory evaluation were measered to record the storage life of fishes in ice. The experimental results showed that under the same storage conditions, the keeping quality of samples with Ca alginate film coated was much superior to those with no film coated, and also the low counts of bacteria were found in the coated samples. It is indicated that the Ca alginate coating can be used to extend the storage life of fishes for 4 5 days.

Abstract:鱼类染色体及其核型研究是鱼类细胞遗传学的主要内容之一 ,也是其中较活跃的研究领域[1 ,2 ] 。核型研究不仅对认识和探索鱼类的分类系统、进化关系及染色体演化过程具有重要意义 ,还可为鱼类遗传育种提供细胞遗传学依据。随着染色体研究技术的不断完善 ,我国于 2 0世纪 70年代开始对鱼类染色体做了较为详细的研究 ,已报道的有 3 0 7种 ,其中主要集中在淡水鱼类[3 ,4] 。余先觉等[5] 对我国淡水鱼类的染色体作了较为细致的分析。 80年代后期起 ,随着我国海洋渔业结构调整 ,海水养殖业迅速发展 ,海水鱼类研究得以重视 ,现就已报道海水鱼类的…

Abstract:自古以来 ,渔业活动一直是人类食物的一个重要来源 ,为从事捕鱼活动的人们提供了就业、经济利益和社会福利。在 1 9世纪中叶以前 ,人们认为渔业资源是一种取之不尽、用之不竭的自然资源[1 ] ,这是因为当时人口的压力不大以及人们对水产品的需求有限 ,没有超过渔业资源的自然增长率 ;同时由于人类活动对海洋资源的干扰程度也很有限 ,作业海域局限在沿海水域 ,捕捞工具主要为被动性渔具 ,如剌网、钓钩、笼壶和张网等渔具 ,小型的拖网渔船也只能在近岸水域作业[2 ] 。但是从 1 9世纪后半期起 ,由于动力在拖网渔船上的应用 ,渔船实现机械化 ,新…

Abstract:我国生产鱼露的历史悠久 ,早在公元前 3世纪《周礼》中就有记载 :醢、酢。醢是指用肉或鱼做的“酱油” ;酢就是鱼露[1 ] 。长期以来鱼露发酵一直是沿袭祖宗的天然发酵方法 ,生产周期长达数月乃至1年以上 ,致使产量难以提高 ,设备和资金的周转慢 ,经济效益低。近来国内外学者在运用现代生物化学、微生物学以及采用先进的酿造技术缩短鱼露生产周期 ,提高鱼露质量方面做了不少的研究工作。1　什么是鱼露鱼露也称鱼酱油、虾油 ,我国主要产地福建省则称“鱼奇油”。是我国沿海一带及日本、东南亚各国人民所喜爱的传统调味品。它是以经济价值较低…

Abstract:水生态系统汞污染对以鱼类为主的水生生物种群以致于人类健康产生的潜在影响 ,已日益引起人们的重视。关于松花江的汞污染问题 ,6 0年代末期尤其从 70年代以来 ,先后研究的范围涉及水质、沉积物以及部分江段沿岸包括渔民在内的人群健康等。至于对鱼体内汞含量的分析研究 ,虽然也开展了一些工作[1 ] ,但是所得基础资料远不及上述诸方面系统、丰富。尤其是松花江上、中、下游的鱼体中汞含量分析并结合鱼类生态学有关特性予以分析讨论 ,目前尚未见诸专文报道。本文对采自松花江的鱼体中汞含量 (总汞—下同 )进行了分析 ,旨在为研究松花江环境状…

Abstract:国外鱼类细胞培养始于 6 0年代[1 ] 。我国起步较晚 ,主要取材于鲤科经济鱼类 ,多为对草鱼(Ｃｔｅｎｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｏｄｏｉｄｅｌｌａ)出血病病毒 (ＧＣＨＶ)敏感的细胞系 /株[2 - 5] 。本实验室为了进行ＧＣＨＶ的分离、培养及鱼类干扰素的诱导和鉴定等鱼类遗传育种研究 ,从 1 989年 4月起开始进行草鱼囊胚细胞培养 ,建立了草鱼囊胚细胞系 (ＧＣＢ)。目前 ,该细胞系已传至 2 0 0余代 ,部分保存于液氮中。本文对其部分生物学特性进行了分析。1　材料1 .1　细胞试验草鱼受精卵取自广东南海。胚胎发育至囊胚期 ,以含抗菌素的平衡盐溶液浸洗…

Abstract:青蛤Ｃｙｃｌｉｎａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ(Ｇｍｅｌｉｎ)俗称黑蛤、圆蛤、铁蛤、牛眼蛤、墨蛤、石头螺等 ,在我国沿海都有分布。有关青蛤繁殖和生长的研究 ,孙晋廷和关福田[1 ] ,曾志南和李复雪[2 ] ,于业绍等[3] ,于业绍和王慧[4] ,于业绍和周琳[5] 先后都有过报导。在浙江省玉环县沿海 ,进行海涂埕田养殖和池塘育肥 ,以及养殖环境和青蛤体内的细菌分析等研究还属首次 ,本文阐述该项试验的结果。1　材料与方法1 .1　试验区位于浙江省东南沿海的玉环县 ,北纬 2 8°1′～ 2 8°9′ ,东经 1 2 1°3′～ 1 2 1°3 2′ ,属亚热带季风气候区 ,具有明…

Abstract:近年来 ,在欧洲鳗鲡 (Ａｎｇｕｉｌｌａａｎｇｕｉｌｌａ)的养殖过程中常发生“狂游病”。发病前 ,出现食欲极为旺盛 ,异常抢食现象。数日后离群、不摄食、旋转式游动、侧游或在水面上呈挣扎状急游 ,数秒后沉入水中 ,再上浮挣扎状游动 ,往复进行。 2～ 3天后病鳗出现呼吸困难 ,对外界剌激反应迟钝 ,继而随水流集于排污口。死亡数急剧增加。流行季节为 5月 - 1 0月份 ,7月 - 8月份为发病高峰 ,死亡率达 90 %以上。当年欧洲鳗鲡 ( 1 0 0～ 2 0 0ｇ)和 2龄欧洲鳗鲡 ( 4 0 0ｇ以上 )均易发病死亡 ,从开始发病到死亡一般只需 2周左右 ,目前尚无良…

Abstract:甲壳质、壳聚糖是从虾、蟹壳中提取制备的生物高分子物质 ,由于其无毒、可生物降解、良好的生物相容性和成膜性等优良特性 ,近年来已在化工、环保、医药、食品、化妆品、农业等方面得到了广泛应用。但由于甲壳质特殊的化学结构 ,几乎不溶于一般的有机溶剂、酸、碱及水中 ,壳聚糖亦只溶于稀酸中 ,这就大大限制了它们的广泛应用以及理论研究。因此 ,制备水溶性的甲壳质、壳聚糖是研究和开发利用甲壳质、壳聚糖的重要课题[1 ] 。目前 ,水溶性甲壳质或壳聚糖的制备主要有三种方法[2 ] :①在温和均相条件下 ,控制壳聚糖的脱乙酰度在 50 %左右制备…

Abstract:齿轮加工机床是机械制造业中一种重要的加工设备 ,滚齿机是其中应用最广泛的一种。传统的滚齿机挂轮选取是采用查表法和手工计算法 ,效率与精度都较低。 90年代后逐渐有了计算机选取挂轮的探讨和研究 ,但效果不能令人满意。本文研究的挂轮计算机选取法不仅速度快、精度高 ,而且可以提供所有可能的组合以供选择 ,具有现实意义和使用价值。1　问题的提出齿轮是各种机器中用得最多而技术难度最大的零件 ,因此 ,齿轮的加工精度在一定程度上决定了机器的精度水平。滚齿机是齿轮加工机床中应用最广泛的一种设备 ,它是根据展成法原理来加工齿轮的。…