Abstract:Effect of different physiological states of cultured bighead carp before deathon its post-mortem changes of ATP and its related compounds in the duration of rigor mortiswas studied in this paper in association with its change of freshness measured by K valueduring this period. The results were summarized as follows:(1)The time from death to full rigor (Tr) was directly dependent on the initial contentof ATP and lactic acid (la) after death. The degree of depletion of ATP and glycogen beforedeath was the decisive factor for the Tr, so it is important for the improvement of freshnesskeeping technique.(2)Along with the fish muscle reached full-rigor state, the IMP concentration (IMP)increased to the highest level, then decreased slowly, and kept at a higher level before theresolution of rigor mortis beginning. On the other hand, K value ascended accompanyingwith HxR and Hx accumulation.(3) For bighead, silver carp and grass carp in different seasons, when the musclereached full-rigor state, the K value was less than 20% which means high freshness of fish.But when it reached rigor-resolution, the K value that showed a degradation of freshness offish might be kept within 20% only in the spring or summer season, when the time reachingrigor-resolution was much shorter. As in autumn or winter, the K value would be more than20% even 40% when the time reaching rigor-resolution became longer.

Abstract:Wangxin Hatchery situated in the suburbs of Shanghai, is one of the largestfry supplying base in the East China. The hatchery has produced more than 8 hundredmillions of fry in 1993. Since 1992, a computer aided research work has been carried out infry production of the hatchery, and we also analysed synthetically some relevant factors infry production accordlng to the data for last 3 years.1. A productivity analysis of parent fish: Taklng the silver carp of over 12 years old putinto used, for example, the average about 1 million fry have been produced by per pair of theparent are in their prime of life. Cornparing the benefits of per unit weight of parent fish atdifferent age stages indicates that the silver carp whose age exceed 16 and breading abilitydecreasing is supposed to be cleaned out, while the bighead crap and grass carp could beprolonged to 18-20 years old.2. An utilization analysis of parent fish: During 1992 - 1994, the amount of variousparent fish being used was only 16% of the total number of parent fish stocked. It issyggested that the production plan should be make more reasonable and the amount of parentfish reserved shouldn't exceed 5 % of the total expected parent fish.3. A cost analysis of fry production: In 1993, because of the rise of feed expenses, theproduction cost was increased by 26. 85% and the profit was decreased by 50% comparedwith the previous year for per 10. 000 units of fry.4. Analysis of fry market: Usually, the contract order volume mounts to 60-70% ofthe actual sales volume. The annual sales volume is 0. 7-0. 8 billions, of which more than70% is sold to the regions of the north part of China.

Abstract:于1993年3－4月在南汇县东海水产养殖公司罗氏沼虾育苗厂，以自制简易循环过滤装置对罗氏沼虾亲虾池水质进行净化处理。经一个月的试验，试验池水的NH3-N、NO2-N与COD值分别为对照地的32％、33％与63％；此3种指标的去除率分别为44％－62％、58％－69％与16％－19％；碎螺狮壳、沙与石子等滤料的平均净化率为16g／m3·h，活性炭为6g／m3·h。简易过滤装置可有效地净化亲虾池水质，提高亲虾养殖密度与成活率。

Abstract:The bacterial septicemia is initially found in crucian carp at ChongmingCounty, Shanghai, October 1986. And it spread rapidly to 20 provinces. This disease makesvery high epidermic and mortality on cultured fish, Its glaring symptoms are the hemolysisand a great quantity of ascites in abdominal cavity. Many species of freshwater fishes such ascrucian carp, blunt snout bream, silver carp, big head carp, common carp and rice field eelwere murdered seriously and caused enormous losses to fishermen. At that time nobodymade a clear idea to the pathogeny and pathology of this disease, and now it has beenknown. Their important pathogens are bacteria of Aeromonas hydrophila. The researchcourse of this disease listed briefly in literature of the present paper. In this paper, thesuper-microhistopathology of the bacterial septicemia and that of crucian carp, etc, will bediscussed comparatively. Their general pathological characters of diseased fish are extensivehemolysis and hemorrhage in whole body, all organs were disintegrate, particularly thesubstantive organs. Initial diseased change is the membraneous stuctures to be damaged inliver, spleen and kidney. These symptom may be perceived under electromicroscope but cannot perceived under the lightmicroscope. Under lightmicroscope, much filiform matter dyedby hematoxylin are seen. Under electromicroscope, the filiform matter is rough endoplasmicreticulum and concentrated into sheaves. This is a compensated action. The pathologicalchange degree of crucian carp was slighter than other fishes at same time that owing to itsmore vitality. According to the pathogen and pathological changes, a new compoundmedicine "YUTAI 8" was developed for this disease, and 3 steps of therapeutic method and16 points for attention were raised. 2000 ha of cultured ponds were treated and the cure ratewas over 95%. And using "YUTAl 8" for prevention in 300 ha of cultured ponds, the effectwas good too. In meantime, 10 multiple preventive measures were raised for building upresistance to disease and restraining the pathogens on basis practices.

Abstract:It is well known that the roots of emerging plant grow in soil immersed inwater, but their stems and leaves spread out in air. The epidermis cells of the leaves of 4emerging plants have been observed by the microscope. It is discovered that water can notaffect so obviously the epidermis cells of them as that of floating and submerged plants.Constitution of epidermis cells of these emerging plants is different from that of submergedand floating plants, but similar to that of terrestrial plants. That is to say, stomata andstomatal apparatus exist in epidermis of emerging and terrestrial plants and there areepidermal hair on some epidermis.

Abstract:The mating behavior of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, was studies bycomparative behavior experiments. The mating process of the crayfish was divided intopremating phase and mating phase which included 5 events: (1)capturing; (2)turning; (3)crossing; (4) copulating; (5) disengaging. The behavior experiments revealed that thefemales displayed submitting behavior after being grasped by the males,but never after beinggrasped by same sex. The males showed premating behavior when closed to the females, butbecame rather aggressive when closed to the same sex. The crossing leg of the male inmating was confined to the right peraeopod. Whether a mating proceeds sucessfullydepended on how the male approached the female. The mean number of copulations perindividual was significantly greater for larger males than for smaller males.

Abstract:提要利用超微气泡增氧的方法进行高密度活鱼暂养及鱼苗、成鱼公路运输已获得很好效果。但采用的溶气罐——水泵——氧气瓶——释放器组成的装置体积较大、造价较高。为此，本文作者设计并在实验室内试验成功了一套用水泵、射流器和释放器组成的新型超微气泡增氧装置。在静水水槽中试验的结果表明，采用新装置增氧时，可使鱼水比达到1：1。

Abstract:A technological process of black bone chicken with such traditional chinesemedicines as codonopsis pilosula, Eucomrnia ulmodis, root of large-flowered skullcap andfruit of chinese wolf berry added as main ingredients to process health-care canned chickenwas studied in this paper. It was found that the quality standard of such canned chicken wascomparable to that of other canned foods. Moreover , the technological process was feasible.