摘要
通过归纳南海各渔业区的渔业资源特点及国内渔业管理现状,总结了当前南海渔业资源及其管理面临的主要问题。南海为我国渔业资源最富饶的海域之一,然而南海北部渔业区重要经济种类正面临资源开发过度的严峻形势。南海外海开发潜力巨大,但迫切需要及时丰富和优化渔业资源调查评估和手段。有关南海目前的渔业管理现状,休渔制度的实行使得开捕后的多种主要经济物种资源有所恢复,但效果有限,仍需未来更多的研究和调查数据来论证休渔制度的效果。人类活动、气候变暖及海洋酸化、资源评估手段较为单一和落后等问题,为南海渔业资源的管理和养护带来巨大挑战。制定合理的渔业资源养护和管理措施,开展持续的资源调查以及引入合适的资源评估手段,对实现南海渔业资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。
南海是我国最大的陆缘海,海区辽阔,总面积约为350万k
人类过度捕捞、气候变化等因素为南海渔业资源带来了巨大的影响和挑战,如何妥善解决上述问题,保证南海渔业资源的可持续开发与利用成为当务之急。目前已对南海渔业资源开展了较多的调查和评
南海渔场面积约占全国渔场总面积的65%,我国于南海约有182万k
南海的地理条件使其渔业资源形成了典型的热带海洋生物学特征,主要表现为渔业生物种类繁多,生物多样性高,目前有记载海洋动植物已超过8 000余种,海洋鱼类3 700余
由于气候变化和人为影响等,南海北部近海大陆架渔场出现了严重的资源萎缩现象,处于过度开发利用状态,西沙、中沙和南沙珊瑚礁盘渔场近年来也出现渔获量下降的趋势。而南沙群岛一些具有经济价值的鱼类处于待开发状态,可进行适当合理开发,中南部上升流等渔场分布较多金枪鱼类、鸢乌贼等,开发潜力较
依据中国海洋渔业区划,南海区作为一级渔业区可划分为南海北部渔业区、东沙群岛渔业区、中西沙群岛渔业区、南沙群岛渔业区和斜坡深水渔业区等5个二级渔业
海南岛以东陆架渔业区目前记录具有食用价值、药用价值和观赏价值的鱼类分别约有120种、200种和300
然而受气候变化和人类活动等影响,本区渔业资源状况不容乐观。自1964至2017年(非连续性)渔业资源质量呈下降趋势,2017年渔业资源密度仅为1964—1965年的19.53
北部湾渔业区蕴藏丰富的渔业资源,目前记录鱼类种类达200余
1962—2017年北部湾鱼类的生物完整性指数表明过度捕捞对北部湾鱼类群落造成了严重的影
南海外海水域主要包括东沙群岛渔业区、中西沙群岛渔业区、南沙群岛渔业区和斜坡深水渔业
由于南海外海水域的作业渔船多为灯光罩网渔船和拖网渔船为主,对于大型金枪鱼类、鲣类、日本乌鲂等高度洄游的大洋性类群捕获率较低,因而这些种群的成鱼群体在南海外海水域的资源量尚且可观,但其中金枪鱼类和类金枪鱼类的幼鱼在渔获物中占据较高比例,这会一定程度消耗其种群规
渔业资源评估是一项科学过程,用来确定渔业开发状态,确保渔业资源可持续利用,为渔业管理措施的制定提供必要的信息和数据。获得标准规范的渔业监测数据和找到合适的资源评估方法是开展资源评估的两个重要步
渔业资源评估模型是开展渔业资源评估的关键,普遍来看,数据有限的评估方法是在南海应用的主要渔业资源评估手段。例如史登福应用基于体长的贝叶斯生物量分析、Catch-MSY等数据有限的评估方法研究南海北部二长棘鲷和金线鱼类等典型经济类群(2014—2015
物种 Species | 资源量 Resources/t | 资源评估状态 Stock assessment status |
---|---|---|
中国枪乌贼Uroteuthis chinensis |
2.5×1 | 过度开发(2021) |
羽鳃鲐Rastrelliger kanagurta |
1.9×1 | 过度捕捞(2017) |
带鱼Trichiurus lepturus |
31.0×1 | 过度捕捞(2022) |
竹䇲鱼Trachurus japonicus |
2.5×1 | 过度开发(2022) |
金枪鱼属类Thunnini |
23.0×1 | 尚未遭受过度捕捞(2018) |
鸢乌贼Sthenototeuthis oualaniensis |
400.0×1 | 未充分开发(2022) |
金线鱼Nemipterus virgatus |
32.0×1 | 过度捕捞(2022) |
蓝圆鲹Decapterus maruadsi |
23.0×1 | 过度捕捞(2022) |
海鳗Muraenesox cinereus |
18.0×1 | 尚未遭受过度捕捞(2022) |
注: 资源量数据和资源评估状态均为最新年份记录的结果,括号内容为记录年份。
Notes: Resources data and stock assessment status are recordings of the latest years, with the year of recording in parentheses.
渔业管理措施依赖于渔业资源评估的科学数据和信息,以制定有效的政策和规定,确保渔业资源的可持续性。通过实施休渔制度,保护鱼类的繁殖活动,是我国在南海的主要渔业管理措
尽管资源总体得到一定程度的恢复,而对于幼鱼被滥捕的现象却仍缺乏有效的监管手段。张旭丰等研究了1997年和2000年使用的网目内径为30.3 mm的方形网目网囊对南海北部渔获的选择性能,结果表明所捕获的带鱼、黄鳍马面鲀(Navodon xanthopterus)、深水金线鱼、乌鲳(Parastromateus niger)等众多经济种类的体长小于可捕标准的个体尾数均占据较高比
总体而言,休渔制度的实施降低了南海北部的捕捞压力,有效改善了海洋物种的种群密度和物种多样性,种群结构得到一定程度优
南海渔业生物资源分布非常广泛和丰富,南海渔业具有区域和全球意义。然而到目前为止,南海的渔业资源调查仍较为薄弱,缺乏有效的资源评估手段和足够的科研调查数据,导致人们对南海渔业的了解仍然很少,南海渔业面临的可持续发展危机也没有得到应有的重
自工业革命以来,大量树木砍伐、工业过程排放和化石燃料燃烧等使得二氧化碳等温室气体浓度升高,进而引发海洋温度升高和海水酸化等影
全球变化对南海主要的生态系统类型,珊瑚礁生态系统造成了严重影响。珊瑚礁生态系统是南海海域主要的生产力来源之一。全球变暖和海平面上升会导致珊瑚白化、死亡及珊瑚礁淹
除珊瑚礁生态系统以外,南海海域水文条件的改变也直接影响了该海域的浮游动物群落结构组
过度捕捞导致了南海生物多样性和栖息地的丧失,该地区的渔业近几十年来一直被持续开
此外,沿海土地开发(包括填海造地、沿海开发、港口建设和旅游设施建设等)也会对脆弱沿海栖息地造成广泛破坏,极大程度加剧了南海沿海水域的侵蚀和淤积问题,据估计,受沿海土地开发、气候变化等原因影响,南海珊瑚礁和红树林总面积的年代际递减率均为16
气候变化和过度捕捞导致了生物多样性和栖息地的丧失,并改变了生态系统的营养结构。目前情况再次表明,迫切需要投入资金和技术支持,制定合理的渔业资源养护管理措施,处理好社会、经济和生物等多个层面的问题。通过浅析南海渔业资源发展现状,发现南海北部渔业资源处于衰退状态,而远海包括南沙群岛附近部分鱼类资源处于待开发状态,可进行合理的渔业资源开发。相关休渔制度的实施使南海水域渔业资源得到了一定程度的恢复,但效果有限,未来数年里仍需更多的研究和调查数据来论证休渔制度的效果。针对全球气候变化和人类不合理开发利用所导致渔业资源衰退问题,应引起重视。在资源调查和评估上,进一步加强南海渔业资源的长期监测,丰富和优化南海渔业资源评估手段,开发适合南海渔业资源特征的评估方法,为有效的渔业管理提供科学的信息和数据。
参考文献
农牧渔业部水产局. 南海区渔业资源调查和区划[M]. 广州: 广东科技出版社, 1989. [百度学术]
Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries. Survey and Zoning of Fishery Resources in the South China Sea[M]. Guangzhou: Guangdong Science & Technology Press, 1989. [百度学术]
马彩华, 游奎, 李凤岐, 等. 南海鱼类生物多样性与区系分布[J]. 中国海洋大学学报, 2006, 36(4): 665-670. [百度学术]
MA C H, YOU K, LI F Q, et al. A study on the relationship of the fish biodiversity and the faunal distribution in the South China Sea[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China,2006, 36(4): 665-670. [百度学术]
FROESE R, PAULY D. FishBase[R]. World Wide Web Electronic Publication, 2017. [百度学术]
褚晓琳. 人类命运共同体视域下南海渔业资源养护管理合作研究[J]. 亚太安全与海洋研究, 2020, 29(1): 87-99. [百度学术]
CHU X L. The study on the cooperative conservation and management of fishery resources in the South China Sea from the perspective of the community of shared future for mankind[J]. Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs, 2020, 29(1): 87-99. [百度学术]
邱永松, 曾晓光, 陈涛, 等. 南海渔业资源与渔业管理[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2008. [百度学术]
QIU Y S, ZENG X G, CHEN T, et al. Fishery Resources and Fisheries Management in the South China Sea[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2008. [百度学术]
史登福. 基于有限数据的渔业资源评估模型在南海典型鱼类中的应用研究[D]. 上海:上海海洋大学, 2021. [百度学术]
SHI D F. Application of data-limited stock assessment models to typical fishes in the South China Sea[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ocean University, 2021. [百度学术]
陈明宝. 南中国海渔业资源养护与管理措施及效果分析[J]. 生态经济, 2013, 272(10): 98-101. [百度学术]
CHEN M B. Analysis on the measures and effect of fisheries resources conservation and management in the South China Sea[J]. Ecological Economy, 2013, 272(10): 98-101. [百度学术]
周茜涵. 南海外海鸢乌贼可捕量分析与资源评估[D].西安:西安电子科技大学, 2022. [百度学术]
ZHOU X H. Catchable analysis and resource assessment of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the Overseas South China Sea[D]. Xi'an: Xidian University, 2022. [百度学术]
江淼. 南海鸢乌贼资源现状及发展对策研究[D]. 天津: 天津农学院, 2018. [百度学术]
JIANG M. The current situation and countermoves on development and utilization of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in South China Sea[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin Agricultural University, 2018. [百度学术]
周艳波, 谢恩阁, 吴洽儿, 等. 南海外海鸢乌贼渔场范围与海洋环境的关系[J]. 海洋学报, 2021, 43(2): 38-48. [百度学术]
ZHOU Y B, XIE E G, WU Q E, et al. The relationship between the resources of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the open South China Sea and the marine environment[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2021, 43(2): 38-48. [百度学术]
张魁, 廖宝超, 许友伟, 等. 基于渔业统计数据的南海区渔业资源可捕量评估[J]. 海洋学报, 2017, 39(8): 25-33. [百度学术]
ZHANG K, LIAO B C, XU Y W, et al. Assessment for allowable catch of fishery resources in the South China Sea based on statistical data[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2017, 39(8): 25-33. [百度学术]
吴庄铖. 南海渔业资源可持续利用对策研究[J]. 农业与技术, 2020, 40(23): 137-139. [百度学术]
WU Z C. A study on sustainable utilization of fishery resources in the South China Sea[J]. Agriculture and Technology, 2020, 40(23): 137-139. [百度学术]
邱昌情. 中国与周边国家的渔业纠纷及其对中国周边外交的影响[J]. 社会主义研究, 2013(6): 147-154. [百度学术]
QIU C Q. Fishery disputes between China and neighboring countries and its influence on China's neighboring diplomacy[J]. Soclalism Studies, 2013(6): 147-154. [百度学术]
孙湘平. 中国近海区域海洋[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2006. [百度学术]
SUN X P. China offshore regional seas[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2006. [百度学术]
陈金泉, 傅子琅, 李法西. 关于闽南—台湾浅滩渔场上升流的研究[J]. 台湾海峡, 1982, 1(2): 5-13. [百度学术]
CHEN J Q, FU Z L, LI F X. A study of upwelling over Minnan-Taiwan Shoal fishing ground[J]. Taiwan Strait, 1982, 1(2): 5-13. [百度学术]
WANG J J, TANG D L, SUI Y. Winter phytoplankton bloom induced by subsurface upwelling and mixed layer entrainment southwest of Luzon Strait[J]. Journal of Marine Systems, 2010, 83(3/4): 141-149. [百度学术]
于君, 邱永松. 黑潮入侵对南海东北部初级生产力的影响[J]. 南方水产科学, 2016, 12(4): 17-27. [百度学术]
YU J, QIU Y S. Influence of Kuroshio intrusion on primary productivity in the northeastern South China Sea[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2016, 12(4): 17-27. [百度学术]
NG P K L, TAN K S. The state of marine biodiversity in the South China Sea[J]. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 2000, 48(8): 3-7. [百度学术]
周永灿. 南海渔业资源及其可持续开发利用[C]//北京论坛(2014)文明的和谐与共同繁荣-中国与世界: 传统、现实与未来:“人类与海洋”专场论文及摘要集. 北京:北京大学, 北京市教育委员会, 韩国高等教育财团, 2014. [百度学术]
ZHOU Y C. Fishery resources in the South China Sea and its sustainable development and utilization[C]//The Harmony of Civilizations and Prosperity for All-China and the World: Tradition, Reality and Future. Beijing, 2014. [百度学术]
张月平. 南海北部湾主要鱼类食物网[J]. 中国水产科学, 2005, 12(5): 621-631. [百度学术]
ZHANG Y P. Foods web for main fishes in Beibu Gulf of the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2005, 12(5): 621-631. [百度学术]
康霖. 西沙群岛海洋资源调查评估与南海渔业开发维权[J]. 海洋技术学报, 2016, 35(1): 118-121. [百度学术]
KANG L. Study on the survey and assessment of marine resources in the Xisha Islands and fishery development and legal rights safeguard in the South China Sea[J]. Journal of Ocean Technology, 2016, 35(1): 118-121. [百度学术]
马彩华, 游奎, 陈大刚, 等. 刍议南海渔业及渔业区划[J]. 海洋湖沼通报, 2007(2): 127-134. [百度学术]
MA C H, YOU K, CHEN D G, et al. The study on the fishery resource and fishery divisions in the South China Sea[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 2007(2): 127-134. [百度学术]
梁镇邦. 南海北部陆架区鱼类多样性及其区系特征研究[D]. 湛江: 广东海洋大学, 2022. [百度学术]
LIANG Z B. Fish diversity and fauna characteristics in the northern South China Sea continental shelf[D]. Zhanjiang: Guangdong Ocean University, 2022. [百度学术]
蔡研聪, 黄梓荣, 许友伟, 等. 南海北部近海渔业资源密度概率分布特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(7): 2426-2436. [百度学术]
CAI Y C,HUANG Z R, XU Y W, et al. Probability distribution characteristics of stock density in offshore of northern South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(7): 2426-2436. [百度学术]
蔡研聪, 徐姗楠, 陈作志, 等. 南海北部近海渔业资源群落结构及其多样性现状[J]. 南方水产科学, 2018, 14(2): 10-18. [百度学术]
CAI Y C, XU S N, CHEN Z Z, et al. Current status of community structure and diversity of fishery resources in offshore northern South China Sea[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2018, 14(2): 10-18. [百度学术]
刘维达. 南海北部陆架区游泳动物群落结构变动研究[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2011. [百度学术]
LIU W D. The variation of the community structure of nekton in the northern South China Sea[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ocean University, 2011. [百度学术]
YUAN H R, CHEN P M, YU J, et al. Assessment of quality of fishery resources in the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2022, 10(7): 930. [百度学术]
吕健, 王自灵, 冯波. 南海北部羽鳃鲐资源利用状况研究[J]. 渔业信息与战略, 2020, 35(3): 184-189. [百度学术]
LYU J, WANG Z L, FENG B. Stock assessment of Rastrelliger kanagurta in the northern South China Sea[J]. Fishery Information & Strategy, 2020, 35(3): 184-189. [百度学术]
贺文珑, 胡世森, 孔令成, 等. 南海北部眼镜鱼资源利用状况研究[J]. 江西水产科技, 2021(1): 3-7. [百度学术]
HE W L, HU S S, KONG L C, et al. Stock assessment of Mene maculata in the northern South China Sea[J]. Jiangxi Fishery Science and Technology, 2021(1): 3-7. [百度学术]
王云, 冯波, 卢伙胜, 等. 南海北部黄鳍马面鲀资源利用状况研究[J]. 江西水产科技, 2022(5): 48-53. [百度学术]
WANG Y, FENG B, LU H S, et al. Stock assessment of Thamnaconus hypargyreus in the northern South China Sea[J]. Jiangxi Fishery Science and Technology, 2022(5): 48-53. [百度学术]
WANG X H, HE Y L, DU F Y, et al. Using LBB tools to assess miter squid stock in the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021, 7: 518627. [百度学术]
莫奇龙, 胡世森, 谢君君, 等. 南海北部海鳗资源利用状况评估[J]. 渔业信息与战略, 2022, 37(1): 27-33. [百度学术]
MO Q L, HU S S, XIE J J, et al. Stock assessment of Muraenesox cinereus in the northern South China Sea[J]. Fishery Information & Strategy, 2022, 37(1): 27-33. [百度学术]
吴鸿, 吕健, 张杰宁, 等. 南海北部金线鱼最大可持续产量和总可捕量的研究[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2021, 38(1): 85-89. [百度学术]
WU H, LYU J, ZHANG J N, et al. A study on maximum sustainable yield and total allowable catch of Nemipterus virgatus in the northern South China Sea[J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2021, 38(1): 85-89. [百度学术]
尹元一, 章丽娟, 廖东昇, 等. 南海北部刺鲳最大可持续产量的评估[J]. 渔业研究, 2023, 45(4): 365-371. [百度学术]
YIN Y Y, ZHANG L J, LIAO D S, et al. Maximum sustainable yield of Psenopsis anomala in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2023, 45(4): 365-371. [百度学术]
张曼. 北部湾带鱼资源状况研究[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2022. [百度学术]
ZHANG M. Study on the stock of Trichiurus haumela in the Beibu Gulf[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ocean University, 2022. [百度学术]
SU L, XU Y W, QIU Y S, et al. Long-term change of a fish-based index of biotic integrity for a semi-enclosed bay in the Beibu Gulf[J]. Fishes, 2022, 7(3): 124. [百度学术]
CHEN Z Z, QIU Y S, XU S N. Changes in trophic flows and ecosystem properties of the Beibu Gulf ecosystem before and after the collapse of fish stocks[J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2011, 54(8): 601-611. [百度学术]
耿平, 张魁, 陈作志, 等. 北部湾蓝圆鲹生物学特征及开发状态的年际变化[J]. 南方水产科学, 2018, 14(6): 1-9. [百度学术]
GENG P, ZHANG K, CHEN Z Z, et al. Interannual change in biological traits and exploitation rate of Decapterus maruadsi in Beibu Gulf[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2018, 14(6): 1-9. [百度学术]
张魁, 陈作志, 邱永松. 北部湾二长棘犁齿鲷生长、死亡和性成熟参数的年际变化[J]. 南方水产科学, 2016, 12(6): 9-16. [百度学术]
ZHANG K, CHEN Z Z, QIU Y S. Decadal changes in growth, mortality and maturity parameters of Evynnis cardinalis in Beibu Gulf[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2016, 12(6): 9-16. [百度学术]
王淼娣, 王雪辉, 杜飞雁, 等. 基于LBB方法估算北部湾竹䇲鱼种群参数[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2022, 31(1): 212-222. [百度学术]
WANG M D, WANG X H, DU F Y, et al. Estimation of the population parameters of Trachurus japonicus in the Beibu Gulf based on the LBB method[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2022, 31(1): 212-222. [百度学术]
王淼娣, 王雪辉, 孙典荣, 等. 基于长度贝叶斯生物量估算法评估北部湾大头白姑鱼资源状况[J]. 南方水产科学, 2021, 17(2): 20-27. [百度学术]
WANG M D, WANG X H, SUN D R, et al. Assessment of Pennahia macrocephalus stock in Beibu Gulf by length Bayesian biomass estimation method[J]. South China Fisheries Science,2021, 17(2): 20-27. [百度学术]
ZHANG K, CAI Y C, LIAO B C, et al. Population dynamics of threadfin porgy Evynnis cardinalis, an endangered species on the IUCN red list in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea[J]. Journal of Fish Biology, 2020, 97(2): 479-489. [百度学术]
彭露, 徐姗楠, 蔡研聪, 等. 北部湾金线鱼的数量分布及变化趋势[J]. 海洋湖沼通报, 2020(4): 120-126. [百度学术]
PENG L, XU S N, CAI Y C, et al. Quantitative distribution of Nemipterus virgatus in Beibu Gulf and its dynamics[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 2020(4): 120-126. [百度学术]
陈林征. 南海北部带鱼资源利用状况研究[D]. 湛江: 广东海洋大学, 2023. [百度学术]
CHEN L Z. Resource utilization of Trichiuridae in the northern South China Sea[D]. Zhanjiang: Guangdong Ocean University, 2023. [百度学术]
史赟荣, 李永振, 卢伟华, 等. 东沙群岛珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种分类多样性研究[J]. 南方水产, 2009, 5(2): 10-16. [百度学术]
SHI Y R, LI Y Z, LU W H, et al. Taxonomic diversity of fish species in coral reef area from Dongsha Islands[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2009, 5(2): 10-16. [百度学术]
李永振, 史赟荣, 艾红, 等. 南海珊瑚礁海域鱼类分类多样性大尺度分布格局[J]. 中国水产科学, 2011, 18(3): 619-628. [百度学术]
LI Y Z, SHI Y R, AI H, et al. Large scale distribution patterns of taxonomic diversity of fish in coral reef waters, South China Sea[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2011, 18(3): 619-628. [百度学术]
XU L, VAN DAMMEK, LI H, et al. A molecular approach to the identification of marine fish of the Dongsha Islands (South China Sea)[J]. Fisheries Research, 2019, 213: 105-112. [百度学术]
XU Y W, ZHANG P, PANHWAR S K, et al. The initial assessment of an important pelagic fish, mackerel scad, in the South China Sea using data-poor length-based methods[J]. Marine and Coastal Fisheries, 2023, 15(5): e10258. [百度学术]
张俊, 邱永松, 陈作志, 等. 南海外海大洋性渔业资源调查评估进展[J]. 南方水产科学, 2018, 14(6): 118-127. [百度学术]
ZHANG J, QIU Y S, CHEN Z Z, et al. Advances in pelagic fishery resources survey and assessment in open South China Sea[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2018, 14(6): 118-127. [百度学术]
SHI J, LI C H, WANG T, et al. Distribution pattern of coral reef fishes in China[J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(22): 15107. [百度学术]
ZHANG K, ZHANG J, SHI D F, et al. Assessment of coral reef fish stocks from the Nansha Islands, South China Sea, using length-based Bayesian biomass estimation[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2021, 7: 610707. [百度学术]
李媛洁, 陈作志, 张俊, 等. 南海珊瑚礁海域蜂巢石斑鱼生物学特征研究[J]. 南方水产科学, 2021, 17(6): 22-30. [百度学术]
LI Y J, CHEN Z Z, ZHANG J, et al. Biological characteristics of Epinephelus merra of coral reef waters in South China Sea[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2021, 17(6): 22-30. [百度学术]
张俊, 陈作志, 董俊德, 等. 近20年南海四带笛鲷(Lutjanus kasmira)种群特征变化[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2020, 51(1): 114-124. [百度学术]
ZHANG J, CHEN Z Z, DONG J D, et al. Variation in the population characteristics of blue-striped snapper Lutjanus kasmirain the south China Sea in recent 20 years[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2020, 51(1): 114-124. [百度学术]
PRINCE J, WANG X F, LIN K, et al. Supporting regional co-operation in the South China Sea with an initial assessment of the data-limited skipjack tuna fishery[J]. Marine Policy, 2023, 155: 105711. [百度学术]
ZHANG K, ZHANG J, ZHANG P, et al. This is what we know: Assessing the stock status of the data-poor skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) fishery in the South China Sea[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023, 10: 1095411. [百度学术]
粟丽, 陈作志, 张鹏, 等. 2017年南海中南部渔场灯光罩网渔获物组成及渔获率时空分布[J]. 南方水产科学, 2018, 14(5): 11-20. [百度学术]
SU L, CHEN Z Z, ZHANG P, et al. Catch composition and spatial-temporal distribution of catch rate of light falling-net fishing in central and southern South China Sea fishing ground in 2017[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2018, 14(5): 11-20. [百度学术]
冯波, 颜云榕, 张宇美, 等. 南海鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)资源评估的新方法[J]. 渔业科学进展, 2014, 35(4): 1-6. [百度学术]
FENG B, YAN Y R, ZHANG Y M, et al. A new method to assess the population of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in South China Sea[J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences, 2014, 35(4): 1-6. [百度学术]
招春旭. 南海鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)生物学特性及栖息地特征研究[D].厦门:集美大学, 2022. [百度学术]
ZHAO C X. Biology and habitat characteristics of the purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the South China Sea[D]. Xia men: Jimei University, 2022. [百度学术]
FUJITA R. The assessment and management of data limited fisheries: future directions[J]. Marine Policy, 2021, 133: 104730. [百度学术]
CADRIN S X, DICKEY-COLLAS M. Stock assessment methods for sustainable fisheries[J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2015, 72(1): 1-6. [百度学术]
王迪, 林昭进. 珠江口鱼类群落结构的时空变化[J]. 南方水产, 2006, 2(4): 37-45. [百度学术]
WANG D, LIN Z J. Spatial and temporal variations of fish community structure in the Pearl River estuary waters[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2006, 2(4): 37-45. [百度学术]
袁梦, 汤勇, 徐姗楠, 等. 珠江口南沙海域秋季渔业资源群落结构特征[J]. 南方水产科学, 2017, 13(2): 18-25.. [百度学术]
YUAN M, TANG Y, XU S N, et al. Community structure of fishery resources from the Nansha waters of Pearl River estuary in autumn[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2017, 13(2): 18-25. [百度学术]
田翰, 江艳娥, 张俊, 等. 西沙群岛冷泉区中层鱼类群落结构初探[J]. 南方水产科学, 2022, 18(5): 9-17. [百度学术]
TIAN H, JIANG Y E, ZHANG J, et al. A preliminary study on community structure of mesopelagic fish in cold seep of Xisha Islands[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2022, 18(5): 9-17. [百度学术]
陈国宝, 李永振, 赵宪勇, 等. 南海5类重要经济鱼类资源声学评估[J]. 海洋学报, 2006, 28(2): 128-134. [百度学术]
CHEN G B, LI Y Z, ZHAO X Y, et al. Acoustic assessment of five groups commercial fish in South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2006, 28(2): 128-134. [百度学术]
宣立强. 基于B-H模型的多鱼种资源评估[J]. 海洋湖沼通报, 2004(2): 45-51. [百度学术]
XUAN L Q. Fishery resourcevaluaton of multi-species based on B-H model[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 2004(2): 45-51. [百度学术]
FAO. Report of the Second Workshop on the Assessment of Fishery Stock Status in South and Southeast Asia, Bangkok[R]. Rome: FAO, 2010. [百度学术]
王雪辉, 邱永松, 杜飞雁, 等. 基于长度贝叶斯生物量法估算北部湾二长棘鲷种群参数[J]. 水产学报, 2020, 44(10): 1654-1662. [百度学术]
WANG X H, QIU Y S, DU F Y, et al. Using length-based Bayesian biomass method to estimate Parargyrops edita population parameters in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2020, 44(10): 1654-1662. [百度学术]
韩杨, 张溢卓, 孙慧武. 中国南海海洋捕捞渔业发展趋势分析[J]. 农业展望, 2015, 11(11): 51-55, 74. [百度学术]
HAN Y, ZHANG Y Z, SUN H W. Development trends of marine capture fisheries in south China Sea[J]. Agricultural Outlook, 2015, 11(11): 51-55, 74. [百度学术]
张立, 李渊, 林龙山, 等. 南海中南部主要经济种类渔业资源声学评估[J]. 海洋渔业, 2016, 38(6): 577-587. [百度学术]
ZHANG L, LI Y, LIN L S, et al. Fishery resources acoustic assessment of major economic species in south-central of the South China Sea[J]. Marine Fisheries,2016, 38(6): 577-587. [百度学术]
张旭丰, 张鹏, 谭永光, 等. 南海北部拖网30.3 mm方形网目网囊的渔获选择性分析[J]. 南方水产, 2006, 2(2): 51-55. [百度学术]
ZHANG X F, ZHANG P, TAN Y G, et al. Analysis on catch selectivity of 30.3 mm square mesh codend of trawl in northern South China Sea[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2006, 2(2): 51-55. [百度学术]
陈丕茂. 南海北部主要捕捞种类最适开捕规格研究[J]. 水产学报, 2004, 28(4): 393-400. [百度学术]
CHEN P M. Optimum first capture standards of major capture species of the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2004, 28(4): 393-400. [百度学术]
佚名. 中国推行“史上最严”休渔制度[J]. 水产养殖, 2017, 38(3): 54. [百度学术]
YI M. China imposes "strictest ever" fishing ban[J]. Aquaculture, 2017, 38(3): 54. [百度学术]
冯波, 李忠炉, 侯刚. 南海休渔期调整的探讨[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2019, 36(11): 23-28. [百度学术]
FENG B, LI Z L, HOU G. On adjustment of closed season in South China Sea[J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2019, 36(11): 23-28. [百度学术]
SUMAILA U R, CHEUNG W W L, TEH L S L, et al. Sink or swim: the future of fisheries in the east and South China Seas[R]. Hong Kong, China: ADM Capital Foundation, 2021. [百度学术]
刘桂茂, 陈楚荣. 南海区2000年伏季休渔成效及问题[J]. 海洋渔业, 2001, 23(3): 105-109. [百度学术]
LIU G M, CHEN C R. Success and problems of summer season and area closures in the East China Sea in 2000[J]. Marine Fisheries, 2001, 23(3): 105-109. [百度学术]
佚名. 中国海洋渔业水域图(第一批)[J]. 中国水产, 2002(6): 17-19. [百度学术]
YI M. Map of China's marine fishery waters (First batch)[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2002(6): 17-19. [百度学术]
苏莹佳, 陈国宝, 周艳波, 等. 2015-2017年南海海域伏季休渔制度实施效果评价[J]. 南方水产科学, 2019, 15(2): 20-28. [百度学术]
SU Y J, CHEN G B, ZHOU Y B, et al. Assessment of impact of summer fishing moratorium in South China Sea during 2015-2017[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2019, 15(2): 20-28. [百度学术]
YU J, HU Q W, YUAN H R, et al. Effects assessment of summer fishing moratorium in Daya Bay in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2017, 5(7): 96-108. [百度学术]
邹建伟, 王强哲, 林丕文, 等. 伏季休渔对北部湾北部虾类捕捞的影响及评价[J]. 南方水产科学, 2015, 11(6): 88-93. [百度学术]
ZOU J W, WANG Q Z, LIN P W, et al. Assessment of impact of summer fishing moratorium on shrimp fishing in northern Beibu Gulf[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2015, 11(6): 88-93. [百度学术]
严利平, 刘尊雷, 金艳, 等. 延长拖网伏季休渔期的渔业资源养护效应[J]. 中国水产科学, 2019, 26(1): 118-123. [百度学术]
YAN L P, LIU Z L, JIN Y, et al. Effects of prolonging the trawl net summer fishing moratorium period in the East China Sea on the conservation of fishery resources[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2019, 26(1): 118-123. [百度学术]
ZHANG Y. Fisheries acoustic studies on the purpleback flying squid resource in the South China Sea[D]. Taipei, China: National Taiwan University, 2005. [百度学术]
FAO. Report of the first workshop on the assessment of fishery stock status in South and Southeast Asia[R]. Rome: FAO, 2009. [百度学术]
石永闯, 樊伟, 张衡, 等. 适用于数据缺乏渔业的资源评估方法研究进展[J]. 中国水产科学, 2021, 28(5): 673-691. [百度学术]
SHI Y C, FAN W, ZHANG H, et al. Review on stock assessment methods applicable to data-limited fisheries[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2021, 28(5): 673-691. [百度学术]
COSTELLO C, OVANDO D, HILBORN R, et al. Status and solutions for the world's unassessed fisheries[J]. Science, 2012, 338(6106): 517-520. [百度学术]
DOWLING N A, SMITH A D M, SMITH D C, et al. Generic solutions for data-limited fishery assessments are not so simple[J]. Fish and Fisheries, 2019, 20(1): 174-188. [百度学术]
IOTC. Preliminary Indian ocean yellowfin tuna stock assessment 1950-2020(Stock Synthesis)[R]. Victoria, 2021. [百度学术]
MATSUMOTO T, SATOH K. Stock assessment for Atlantic yellowfin tuna using a non-equilibrium production model[J]. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT, 2017, 73(2): 451-474. [百度学术]
SATOH K, YOKOI H, NISHIDA T, et al. Stock assessment for Atlantic yellowfin tuna using age structured production model[J]. Collective Volume of Scientific Papers ICCAT, 2017, 73(2): 577-631. [百度学术]
韦兴平, 石峰, 樊景凤, 等. 气候变化对海洋生物及生态系统的影响[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2011, 29(2): 241-252. [百度学术]
WEI X P, SHI F, FAN J F, et al. Climate change impacts on marine lives and ecosystems[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2011, 29(2): 241-252. [百度学术]
VOSS R, QUAAS M F, STIASNY M H, et al. Ecological-economic sustainability of the Baltic cod fisheries under ocean warming and acidification[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019, 238: 110-118. [百度学术]
LACOUE-LABARTHE T, NUNES P A L D, ZIVERI P, et al. Impacts of ocean acidification in a warming Mediterranean Sea: An overview[J]. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2016, 5: 1-11. [百度学术]
NICOL S, LEHODEY P, SENINA I, et al. Ocean futures for the world's largest yellowfin tuna population under the combined effects of ocean warming and acidification[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022, 9: 816772. [百度学术]
CHEUNG W W L, LAM V W Y, SARMIENTO J L, et al. Large-scale redistribution of maximum fisheries catch potential in the global ocean under climate change[J]. Global Change Biology, 2010, 16(1): 24-35. [百度学术]
The World Bank. Turn down the heat: climate extremes, regional impacts, and the case for resilience. A report for the world bank by the potsdam institute for climate impact research and climate analytics[R]. Washington: World Bank, 2013. [百度学术]
ZUO X L, SU F Z, YU K F, et al. Spatially modeling the synergistic impacts of global warming and sea-level rise on coral reefs in the South China Sea[J]. Remote Sensing, 2021, 13(13): 2626. [百度学术]
TAKESHITA Y. Understanding feedbacks between ocean acidification and coral reef metabolism[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2017, 122(3): 1639-1642. [百度学术]
全秋梅, 王腾, 刘永, 等. 南海典型岛礁的鹦嘴鱼群落结构组成[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(7): 2133-2145. [百度学术]
QUAN Q M, WANG T, LIU Y, et al. The community structure of parrotfish in typical islands and reefs of the South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2021, 40(7): 2133-2145. [百度学术]
DAI X J, LI Y J, CAI Y C, et al. Variations in fish community structure at the lagoon of Yongshu Reef, South China Sea between 1999 and 2016-2019[J]. Diversity, 2022, 14(9): 763. [百度学术]
ZHAO J J, ZHANG H C, LIU J X, et al. Role of jellyfish in mesozooplankton community stability in a subtropical bay under the long-term impacts of temperature changes[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 849: 157627. [百度学术]
ZHANG K, LI M, LI J J, et al. Climate-induced small pelagic fish blooms in an overexploited marine ecosystem of the South China Sea[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2022, 145: 109598. [百度学术]
LI M, XU Y W, SUN M S, et al. Impacts of strong ENSO events on fish communities in an overexploited ecosystem in the South China Sea[J]. Biology, 2023, 12(7): 946. [百度学术]
TEH L S L, WITTER A, CHEUNG W W L, et al. What is at stake? Status and threats to South China Sea marine fisheries[J]. Ambio, 2017, 46(1): 57-72. [百度学术]
CHANG S K, HU N T A, BASIR S, et al. A step forward to the joint management of the South China Sea fisheries resources: Joint works on catches, management measures and conservation issues[J]. Marine Policy, 2020, 116: 103716. [百度学术]
WANG L L, LIN L, LIU Y, et al. Fishery dynamics, status, and rebuilding based on catch-only data in coastal waters of China[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022, 8: 757503. [百度学术]
TEH L S L, CASHION T, ALAVA S J J, et al. Status, trends, and the future of fisheries in the east and south China seas[R]. Vancouver: Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, 2019. [百度学术]
粟丽, 许友伟, 张魁, 等. 南海区拖网渔业发展趋势及其对渔业资源的影响[J]. 南方水产科学, 2023, 19(4): 41-48. [百度学术]
SU L, XU Y W, ZHANG K, et al. Development trend of trawl fishery and its impact on fishery resources in South China Sea[J]. South China Fisheries Science, 2023, 19(4): 41-48. [百度学术]
FUNGE-SMITH S, BRIGGS M, MIAO W M. Regional Overview of Fisheries and Aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific[R]. Bangkok: FAORap Publication, 2012. [百度学术]
CHRISTENSEN V, GARCES L R, SILVESTRE G T, et al. Fisheries impact on the South China Sea large marine ecosystem: a preliminary analysis using spatially-explicit methodology[J]. Working Papers, 2003, 67: 51-62. [百度学术]
马志华. 南海区的渔业资源及其开发利用现状[J]. 海洋信息, 1997(4): 17-18. [百度学术]
MA Z H. Fishery resources and their development and utilization status in Nanhai area[J]. Marine Information, 1997(4): 17-18. [百度学术]
PAULY D, LIANG C. The fisheries of the South China Sea: Major trends since 1950[J]. Marine Policy, 2020, 121: 103584. [百度学术]
LIU J Y. Status of marine biodiversity of the China Seas[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(1): e50719. [百度学术]
BURKE L, REYTAR K, SPALDINGM, et al. Reefs at risk revisited[M]. Washington: World Resources Institute, 2011. [百度学术]
MCMANUS J W. Offshore coral reef damage, overfishing, and paths to peace in the South China Sea[J]. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 2017, 32(2): 199-237. [百度学术]