摘要
为进一步掌握江苏近海金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)种群生活史特征,根据在江苏沿海港口所采集的样本,利用碳氮稳定同位素分析法对金乌贼的摄食生态及营养生态位进行研究。结果表明,金乌贼雌、雄群体间
金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)隶属于头足纲(Cephalopoda)乌贼目(Sepioidea)乌贼科(Sepiidae)乌贼属(Sepia),生长发育迅速,为一年生种
摄食生态学的研究内容主要包括摄食习性、食物组成以及营养生态位等方面,是渔业生物学研究的重点内容。稳定同位素技术(Stable isotope analysis,SIA)近年来被广泛应用于头足类摄食生态研究。其原理是生物圈中的轻、重同位素在生物体内新陈代谢过程中具有复杂的分馏机
目前对于金乌贼的研究主要集中在人工繁
实验用金乌贼样品共142尾,由在江苏南通、盐城、连云港、吕泗渔场和海州湾沿海港口随机采样捕获,采样范围为119°E~122°E,31°N~36°N(

图1 江苏近海沿岸海域调查站点图
Fig.1 Sampling stations of survey along coast of Jiangsu Province
将采集的金乌贼样本在实验室解冻后进行基础生物学测定。用皮尺和电子秤分别对个体的胴长(Mantle length)和体质量(Body mass)进行测量,其中胴长精确至1 mm,体质量精确至1 g,并以10 mm的胴长间隔对样本进行分组。区分样本性别后,对个体性腺成熟度和摄食等级进行鉴定。剪取胴体前端处肌肉约2 cm×2 cm并去除表皮,置于5 mL离心管中冷冻保存(-20 ℃)。
使用超纯水清洗肌肉组织并放入冷冻干燥机(Christ Alpha 1-4)中于-55 ℃干燥至少24 h。干燥后使用高通量组织研磨器(Scientz-48)将肌肉样品研磨成粉末。称取1~1.5 mg粉末并用锡纸包被后送入稳定同位素分析质谱仪(ISOPRIME 100)和元素分析仪(Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH,Hanau,Germany)中进行稳定同位素测定。测定结果以
| (1) |
其中:X
(1)利用t检验对不同性别金乌贼
(2)利用R语言SIBER软件包中的贝叶斯标准椭圆绘制不同性别金乌贼营养生态位图,并计算营养生态位宽度(SEAc)和重叠率。根据LANGTO
(3)基于
本研究共采集142尾金乌贼样本,其中雄性77尾,雌性65尾。雄性金乌贼胴长范围为83~201 mm(131.84 mm±24.53 mm),
性别 Sex | 数目 Number/尾 | 胴长 Mantle length/mm | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值±标准差 Mean±SD | 范围 Range | 平均值±标准差 Mean±SD | 范围 Range | 平均值±标准差 Mean±SD | 范围 Range | ||
| 雄性 Male | 77 | 131.84±24.53 | 83~201 | -18.00±0.51 | -19.17~-16.96 | 10.95±0.57 | 9.81~12.11 |
| 雌性 Female | 65 | 136.92±24.31 | 75~196 | -18.12±0.50 | -19.03~-16.88 | 10.83±0.59 | 9.80~13.05 |
在稳定同位素值与胴长的变化关系中,

图2 金乌贼各胴长组
Fig.2 Relationship between
基于金乌贼肌肉

图3 雌、雄金乌贼生态位标准贝叶斯椭圆图
Fig.3 Trophic niche eclipse area of male and female of S.esculenta
基于

图4 不同胴长金乌贼稳定同位素聚类分析结果
Fig.4 Results of S.esculenta isotope clustering analysis of different mantle length

图5 不同胴长组金乌贼营养生态位
Fig.5 Trophic niche of S.esculenta in different mantle length groups
指标 Metrics | 组别 Group | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 75~114 mm | 115~184 mm | 185~204 mm | |
|
TA/ | 1.51 | 2.20 | 1.58 |
|
SEA/ | 0.38 | 0.53 | 1.33 |
|
SEAc/ | 0.39 | 0.54 | 1.77 |
| 组别 Group | 75~114 mm | 115~184 mm | 185~204 mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| 75~114 mm |
0.39 | - | - |
| 115~184 mm | 0.34 |
0.54 | - |
| 185~204 mm | 0 | 0.09 |
1.77 |
注: 表中“-”处表示此处数据省略。
Notes: The "-" in the table indicates that the data here are omitted.
在海洋生态系统中,生物体内的碳、氮稳定同位素值会受到栖息地同位素基线值和摄食习性的影
在金乌贼稳定同位素值与胴长变化关系的研究中,LOESS分析显示,随着胴长的增大
此外,LOESS曲线拟合显示
根据生物体内
通过稳定同位素技术量化评估生物的营养生态位,不仅可表征不同群体间的相互作用关系,而且能直观反映个体不同发育阶段食物来源和营养水平的相似度及变化模
(1)金乌贼
(2)雌性和雄性金乌贼的营养生态位高度重叠,雌性群体营养生态位宽度略大于雄性。反映了雌性和雄性金乌贼群体之间食物资源和栖息地利用的高度相似,雌性群体具有更高的食物和能量需求。
(3)不同发育阶段的金乌贼在营养生态位上具有明显差异。仔稚鱼-亚成鱼期的金乌贼体型较小,游泳和捕食能力较弱,营养生态位宽度较小。随着胴长增大,逐渐过渡至成鱼期的金乌贼具有更强的捕食能力和游泳能力,营养生态位宽度较大,高营养水平的猎物在其食物组成中占比增大。
(4)其他头足类的相关研究表明,肌肉脱脂处理前、后的
致谢
感谢袁健美,贲成恺,肖悦悦,祝超文,胡海生,祖凯伟在实验样本采集和实验数据分析等方面给予的帮助。
参考文献
韦柳枝. 山东日照近海金乌贼生物学研究[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2005. [百度学术]
WEI L Z. Biology of Sepia esculenta in the coastal waters of Rizhao[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2005. [百度学术]
刘必林, 顾心雨, 王冰妍, 等. 角质颚色素沉积可视化及其在头足类判别分类中的应用[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2023, 32(4): 785-793. [百度学术]
LIU B L, GU X Y, WANG B Y, et al. Visualization of cephalopod beak pigmentation and its application to the classification of cephalopods[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2023, 32(4): 785-793. [百度学术]
方舟, 俞骏, 杨光明媚, 等. 东海外海金乌贼角质颚与内壳微结构特征及轮纹判读[J]. 广东海洋大学学报, 2022, 42(2): 42-52. [百度学术]
FANG Z, YU J, YANG G M M, et al. Microstructure of beak and cuttlebone and determination of growth increments for Sepia esculentas off coast of East China Sea[J]. Journal of Guangdong Ocean University, 2022, 42(2): 46-52. [百度学术]
郝振林, 张秀梅, 张沛东. 金乌贼的生物学特性及增殖技术[J]. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(4): 601-606. [百度学术]
HAO Z L, ZHANG X M, ZHANG P D. Biological characteristics and multiplication techniques of Sepia esculenta[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(4): 601-606. [百度学术]
李战军, 李伟亚, 王四杰, 等. 山东省金乌贼增殖放流现状与资源养护对策[J]. 水产学杂志, 2019, 32(6): 64-68. [百度学术]
LI Z J, LI W Y, WANG S J, et al. The enhancement & releasing status and maintenance countermeasure of golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta) in Coastal Shandong Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Fisheries, 2019, 32(6): 64-68. [百度学术]
陈新军. 世界头足类资源开发现状及我国远洋鱿钓渔业发展对策[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2019, 28(3): 321-330. [百度学术]
CHEN X J. Development status of world cephalopod fisheries and suggestions for squid jigging fishery in China[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2019, 28(3): 321-330. [百度学术]
陈新军, 刘金立, 林东明, 等. 渔业资源学研究发展现状及趋势[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2022, 31(5): 1168-1179. [百度学术]
CHEN X J, LIU J L, LIN D M, et al. Review of development and trend in fisheries resource science[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2022, 31(5): 1168-1179. [百度学术]
李云凯, 贡艺, 陈新军. 稳定同位素技术在头足类摄食生态学研究中的应用[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(5): 1541-1546. [百度学术]
LI Y K, GONG Y, CHEN X J. Applications of stable isotope analysis in the trophic ecology studies of cephalopods[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(5): 1541-1546. [百度学术]
POST D M. Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position: models, methods, and assumptions[J]. Ecology, 2002, 83(3): 703-718. [百度学术]
ROUNICK J S, WINTERBOURN M J. Stable carbon isotopes and carbon flow in ecosystems: measuring
刘必林, 桓梦瑶, 许巍, 等. 鱼类眼睛晶体信息分析与应用研究进展[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2020, 29(2): 287-294. [百度学术]
LIU B L, HUAN M Y, XU W, et al. Review of the information analysis and its application in fish eye lens[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2020, 29(2): 287-294. [百度学术]
李建华, 李云凯, 陈新军, 等. 头足类硬组织的稳定同位素研究进展[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2014, 23(1): 154-160. [百度学术]
LI J H, LI Y K, CHEN X J, et al. Review on stable isotope in hard issues of cephalopods[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2014, 23(1): 154-160. [百度学术]
林静远, 刘必林, 桓梦瑶, 等. 我国几种常见头足类角质颚碳氮稳定同位素分析[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2019, 28(3): 394-401. [百度学术]
LIN J Y, LIU B L, HUAN M Y, et al. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes analysis of the common cephalopods beaks in the offshore of China[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2019, 28(3): 394-401. [百度学术]
SARDENNE F, BODIN N, CHASSOT E, et al. Trophic niches of sympatric tropical tuna in the Western Indian Ocean inferred by stable isotopes and neutral fatty acids[J]. Progress in Oceanography, 2016, 146: 75-88. [百度学术]
CUCHEROUSSET J, VILLÉGER S. Quantifying the multiple facets of isotopic diversity: New metrics for stable isotope ecology[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2015, 56: 152-160. [百度学术]
陈令明, 孙成峰, 季本安, 等. 金乌贼室内养殖技术[J]. 科学养鱼, 2022(8): 62-63. [百度学术]
CHEN L M, SUN C F, JI B A, et al. Indoor breeding technology of Sepia esculenta[J]. Scientific Fish Farming, 2022(8): 62-63. [百度学术]
王兴强, 沈晔, 崔春辉, 等. 低盐胁迫对金乌贼存活、免疫酶活性和基因表达的影响[J]. 江苏海洋大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 29(2): 6-14. [百度学术]
WANG X Q, SHEN Y, CUI C H, et al. Effects of low salinity stress on the survival, immune enzyme activity and gene expression of Sepia esculenta[J]. Journal of Jiangsu Ocean University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 29(2): 6-14. [百度学术]
LANGTON R. Diet overlap between atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, silver hake, Merluccius bilinearis, and fifteen other northwest atlantic finfish[J]. Fishery Bulletin, 1982, 80(4): 745-759. [百度学术]
王芮, 陆化杰, 陈静, 等. 基于内壳稳定同位素信息的东海太平洋褶柔鱼摄食与洄游研究[J/OL]. 水产学报, 2023: 1-11. [2023-06-30]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/31.1283.S.20230220.1715.010.html. [百度学术]
WANG R, LU H J, CHEN J, et al. Feeding and migration of Todarodes pacificus in the East China Sea based on the stable isotopic information of gladius[J/OL]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2023: 1-11. [2023-06-30]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/31.1283.S.20230220.1715.010.html. [百度学术]
RUIZ-COOLEY R I, VILLA E C, GOULD W R. Ontogenetic variation of
陈静, 陆化杰, 王芮, 等. 基于碳氮稳定同位素的西北印度洋鸢乌贼摄食习性研究[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2022, 53(5): 1250-1257. [百度学术]
CHEN J, LU H J, WANG R, et al. Feeding ecology of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis in the northwest indian ocean[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2022, 53(5): 1250-1257. [百度学术]
ROOKER J R, DAVID WELLS R J, ADDIS P, et al. Natural geochemical markers reveal environmental history and population connectivity of common cuttlefish in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea[J]. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2020, 17(168): 20200309. [百度学术]
马金, 田思泉, 陈新军. 水生动物洄游分布研究方法综述[J]. 水产学报, 2019, 43(7): 1678-1690. [百度学术]
MA J, TIAN S Q, CHEN X J. Review of the research methods for migration and distribution of aquatic animals[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2019, 43(7): 1678-1690. [百度学术]
贡艺, 汪惠琼, 李云凯, 等. 茎柔鱼氨基酸氮稳定同位素特征及营养位置估算[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2019, 28(3): 402-408. [百度学术]
GONG Y, WANG H Q, LI Y K, et al. Amino acid nitrogen isotopic composition and trophic position estimation of jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2019, 28(3): 402-408. [百度学术]
KEELING R F, KÖRTZINGER A, GRUBER N. Ocean deoxygenation in a warming world[J]. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2010, 2: 199-299. [百度学术]
WANG L L, LIU Y, ZHANG X M. Stable isotope analysis revealed ontogenetic changes in trophic ecology and migration patterns of Sepia esculenta in the Northern Coastal Waters of China[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022, 9: 818088. [百度学术]
NATSUKARI Y, TASHIRO M. Neritic squid resources and cuttlefish resources in Japan[J]. Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 1991, 18(3): 149-226. [百度学术]
李嘉泳. 金乌贼Sepia esculenta Hoyle在黄渤海的结群生殖和洄游[J]. 山东海洋学院学报, 1963, 5(2): 69-108. [百度学术]
LI J Y. On the breeding and migration of the golden cuttlefish, Sepia esculenta Hoyle, living in yellow sea[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 1963, 5(2): 69-108. [百度学术]
ARGÜELLES J, LORRAIN A, CHEREL Y, et al. Tracking habitat and resource use for the jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas: a stable isotope analysis in the Northern Humboldt Current System[J]. Marine Biology, 2012, 159(9): 2105-2116. [百度学术]
CHEREL Y, FONTAINE C, JACKSON G D, et al. Tissue, ontogenic and sex-related differences in
WU Z X, ZHANG X M, DROMARD C R, et al. Partitioning of food resources among three sympatric scorpionfish (Scorpaeniformes) in coastal waters of the northern Yellow Sea[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2019, 826(1): 331-351. [百度学术]
LIU B L, JIN Y, CHEN X J, et al. High individual variability in beak stable isotopes of jumbo squid off Peruvian exclusive economic zone (EEZ) waters in the analysis of migratory and foraging ecology[J]. Journal of Ocean University of China, 2019, 18(1): 232-238. [百度学术]
贡艺. 基于生物化学示踪物的东太平洋茎柔鱼摄食生态学研究[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2018. [百度学术]
GONG Y. Feeding ecology of jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas) in the eastern Pacific Ocean inferred by biochemical tracers[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ocean University, 2018. [百度学术]
操亮亮, 刘必林, 李建华. 基于稳定同位素技术的东南太平洋公海茎柔鱼摄食生态分析[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2022, 37(1): 120-128. [百度学术]
CAO L L, LIU B L, LI J H. Analysis of feeding ecology of jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas in the high seas of southeast Pacific Ocean based on stable isotope technology[J]. Journal of Dalian Ocean University, 2022, 37(1): 120-128. [百度学术]
SEMMENS B X, WARD E J, MOORE J W, et al. Quantifying inter- and intra-population niche variability using hierarchical bayesian stable isotope mixing models[J]. PLoS One, 2009, 4(7): e6187. [百度学术]
BEARHOP S, ADAMS C E, WALDRON S, et al. Determining trophic niche width: a novel approach using stable isotope analysis[J]. Journal of Animal Ecology, 2004, 73(5): 1007-1012. [百度学术]
ROSAS-LUIS R, NAVARRO J, MARTÍNEZ-BAENA F, et al. Differences in the trophic niche along the gladius of the squids Illex argentinus and Doryteuthis gahi based on their isotopic values[J]. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2017, 11: 17-22. [百度学术]
FANG S, HAN P W, SHI S W J, et al. Ontogenetic variation of trophic habitat for sympatric benthic octopods in East China Sea derived from isotopic analysis on beaks[J]. Fisheries Research, 2021, 238: 105902. [百度学术]
张嘉琦, 刘必林. 基于碳氮稳定同位素技术的西北太平洋富山武装乌贼和相拟钩腕乌贼的生态位变化研究[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2023, 38(3): 515-523. [百度学术]
ZHANG J Q, LIU B L. Comparative analysis of feeding ecology of two small cephalopods in the Northwest Pacific Ocean[J]. Journal of Dalian Ocean University, 2023, 38(3): 515-523. [百度学术]
CARLISLE A B, GOLDMAN K J, LITVIN S Y, et al. Stable isotope analysis of vertebrae reveals ontogenetic changes in habitat in an endothermic pelagic shark[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2015, 282(1799): 20141446. [百度学术]