Through field sampling， this study investigated the species composition and distribution of alien fishes in Guangxi's inland waters. The results indicate: （1） Species composition and sources: A total of 23 alien fish species， belonging to 7 orders， 13 families， and 20 genera， were recorded. Perciformes （9 species） and Cypriniformes （5 species） are the dominant orders. Aquaculture introduction is the primary pathway， accounting for 82.61% of the species. （2） Status and distribution: Coptodon zillii and Oreochromis niloticus have become the dominant species， distributed across nearly all survey sites. Thirteen species are considered invasive， and four are in the establishment stage. Spatially， a geographical pattern of "C. zillii in the north， O. niloticus in the south" originates from the stronger adaptability to low temperatures and higher fecundity of Coptodon zillii； a mainstream-tributary disparity pattern is also evident， where the species number in mainstreams such as the Hongshui River （16 species） is far higher than in upstream tributaries. The lentic environments created by hydropower dam construction have significantly altered the habitats of native fish， providing 'ecological niche opportunities' for the expansion of alien species adapted to such conditions. （3） Control strategies: An integrated control framework is proposed， comprising four key components: source prevention， monitoring and early warning， control and eradication， and public participation. This research provides a scientific basis for policymaking and reference for ensuring aquatic ecological security and biodiversity conservation in Guangxi and southern China.