The invasion of aquatic organisms has become one of the major threats to China's ecological security. Aquatic biological invasion has strong concealment and harmfulness， which not only easily leads to the destruction and degradation of aquatic ecosystem， but also brings huge economic losses to China. From the perspective of legal regulation of aquatic biological invasion， this paper systematically analyzes and combs the legal characteristics of aquatic biological invasion prevention and control in different periods in China， and divides its legal development process into four stages: initial stage， transition stage， steady progress stage and high-quality development stage. At present， the construction of legal norms for the prevention and control of aquatic biological invasion in China has made great progress， and the prevention and control legal system with unique Chinese characteristics has been basically completed， which has laid a solid legal foundation for the prevention and control of aquatic biological invasion. However， it should be pointed out that the construction of the legal system is still in the development stage， and the problems such as the lack of special unified legislation， the insufficient realization of the value of legal order， the imperfect department coordination system and the insufficient supply of accountability and relief systems are still prominent. These deficiencies greatly limit the effectiveness of the prevention and control of aquatic biological invasion in China， and constitute the main challenge of the construction of prevention and control laws and regulations. In view of the above shortcomings， this paper proposes measures to optimize the evaluation and approval system， build a coordination management institution， strengthen the construction of government governance system and ensure the pluralistic co-governance pattern by legislation under the premise of building a special unified legislation， so as to realize the improvement of the legal system for the prevention and control of aquatic biological invasion in China. This study is expected to provide some reference for the protection of aquatic ecosystem and biological invasion control in China.