In the context of frequent global public security incidents and multiple uncertain shocks to urban food systems， improving the resilience of urban fresh agricultural product supply chains has become a key issue to ensure people's livelihood security and maintain the stable operation of urban systems. Fresh agricultural products are characterized by strong perishability， multiple circulation links， high storage difficulty， and high immediate demand， which makes their supply chains more prone to interruption when encountering sudden risk events. This study takes the urban fresh agricultural product supply chain as the research object， focusing on the response capability and operation guarantee capability of the urban fresh agricultural product supply chain in abnormal situations. Based on the PPRR theory， dynamic capability theory and agricultural product supply chain management theory， an analysis framework is constructed to systematically refine the four core dimensions of prediction capability， adaptability， recovery capability and learning capability. On this basis， a resilience evaluation system containing 13 indicators is designed， and the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） is used to assign weights， and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is combined to empirically measure the resilience of the fresh agricultural product supply chain in Shanghai. The results show that Shanghai has a strong foundation in emergency response mechanism and institutional regulation capabilities， but still has obvious shortcomings in risk warning capabilities， organizational training frequency， and information sharing efficiency. Based on the research results， this paper proposes path optimization suggestions focusing on the construction of information perception system， layout of diversified reserve system， optimization of resource allocation mechanism and improvement of organizational learning ability.