To compare the synergistic treatment effects of different substrates in constructed wetlands on antibiotics and nutrient pollutants in wastewater， this experiment utilized three types of substrates： bio-ceramic， zeolite， and volcanic rock. These substrates were used to build small constructed wetland， and the removal rates of different pollutants and the bacterial communities structures in different areas were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the removal rates of N₄⁺-N， COD_Mn， and the antibiotic sulfadiazine in the bio-ceramic group were significantly higher （P<0.05） than those of the other two groups， but the removal rates of N₃^--N were significantly lower （P<0.05）. The removal rates of the antibiotic norfloxacin in different substrates are all higher than 98%. The abundance of bacteria collected on the surface of the substrate was relatively high， with Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， and Chloroflexi being the dominant species. The bacterial communities on the rhizoplane and within root endophytes were dominated by Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria， respectively. The microbial community structure collected on the substrate surface differed greatly among the different groups of constructed wetlands. The removal of sulfadiazine is primarily achieved through biodegradation. It may not be the diversity of the entire microbial community in the wetland that affects the removal rate of sulfadiazine， but the abundance of these key bacteria. The genus with the highest correlation to the sulfadiazine removal rate was Cyanothece， followed by Craurococcus-Caldovatus. The abundance of these two genera on the surface of bio-ceramic was significantly higher than those on the surfaces of zeolite and volcanic rock. Additionally， the genus Acidibacter showed a significantly positively correlation with the removal of both antibiotics. The removal rate was significantly negatively correlated with the removal of N₃^--N. Studies have revealed that constructed wetlands based on bioceramics exhibit the most comprehensive removal effect on artificial sewage containing sulfadiazine antibiotics and can be widely utilized for the treatment of such sewage.