In order to investigate the species characteristics of coral reef fishes in the four islands in Yongle Atoll （Jinqing Island， Antelope Reef， Quanfu Island， and Yinyu Island） of Xisha Islands， this study was conducted on the coral reef fishes of the four islands from 2020 to 2023 by using hand-fishing， diving fishing， and underwater video methods. The species composition， similarity， and taxonomic diversity of coral reef fishes in the four islands were analyzed， incorporating data from the survey conducted on Yinyu Island from 2020 to 2021. Additionally， the feeding type and individual size of coral reef fishes in the four islands were examined in conjunction with relevant literature. The findings indicate that： （1） There are 260 species of coral reef fishes in the four islands of Yongle Atoll in recent years， belonging to 40 families in 10 orders of 2 classes. Perciformes emerges as the predominant order， with Labridae， Pomacentridae， and Chaetodontidae exhibiting the highest number of species. （2） The coral reef fishes from the four islands of Yongle Atoll were primarily composed of carnivorous fishes， with a prevalence of medium and small fishes and the coefficient of similarity was significantly lower for large fish than for small and medium fish， indicating that the four reefs have been affected by fishing to varying extents. （3） The proportions of carnivorous fish and large fish displayed the following order： Jinqing Island > Antelope Reef > Quanfu Island > Yinyu Island， and the average classification difference index （Δ⁺） followed the sequence： Jinqing Island （54.94） > Antelope Reef （53.30） > Quanfu Island （52.63） > Yinyu Island （52.05）， which suggested a significant difference in the degree of human disturbance levels among four islands， with the disturbance ranking as Jinqing Island < Antelope Reef < Quanfu Island < Yinyu Island. The study conducted an in-depth analysis of the coral reef fish composition at the four islands in Yongle Atoll， analyzed the influence of human disturbance， which will offer a theoretical basis for promoting the sustainable development of coral reef fish resources in the Xisha Islands and provide references for the conservation and management of coral reef fish.