For the microgrid system under the "fish-light complementarity", a multi-objective optimization energy scheduling method is proposed to balance the "impossible triangle" of energy. Firstly, based on the background of "fish-light complementarity", a light-storage-load microgrid system model is established, and multidimensional dynamic objective functions that include economic, environmental, and comprehensive aspects are proposed. Secondly, considering the shortcomings of the sparrow search algorithm, such as insufficient diversity and easy trapping in local optima, an improved sparrow search algorithm （SA-ISSA） based on simulated annealing algorithm and hybrid strategy is proposed for microgrid energy optimization scheduling. Finally, a case study was conducted on the "fish-light complementarity" factory breeding base in Puyue Town, Chongming, Shanghai, where the SA-ISSA algorithm is applied to solve the microgrid model and obtain the optimal energy scheduling scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that the SA-ISSA algorithm performs better and has higher application value in solving the microgrid energy optimization scheduling problem, providing reference for energy optimization scheduling strategies in microgrid systems under the "fish-light complementarity".