In order to carry out the study on the evolution of Shanghai coastal zone and the change of ecosystem service value, the experiment analyzed the characteristics of shoreline length change in Shanghai coastal zone based on Landsat remote sensing image data in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020; combined the data of Globe Land 30 with spatial analysis to explore the land change and land transfer in three periods from 1990-2000, 2000-2010 and 2010-2020; and on this basis, constructed the ESV model of Shanghai coastal zone to clarify the spatial and temporal characteristics of ESV in Shanghai coastal zone from 2000 to 2020. The results show that, between 1990 and 2020, the shoreline of Shanghai mainland displayed a trend of increasing, then slowly decreasing, and finally increasing due to human activities and natural factors, with the shoreline of Chongming Island decreasing and the shoreline of Changxing Island and Hengsha Island increasing. Meanwhile, due to the intensity of human activities and increased coastal engineering, the land use area of the coastal zone changed significantly, with an increase in arable land and construction land. In addition, due to land expansion, the Shanghai coastal zone showed an increasing trend of ESV during the study period, but its wetland ESV decreased by 28.59% between 2010 and 2020. In terms of spatial distribution, the ESV of Shanghai coastal zone gradually shifted from medium to high value areas to low and very low areas, and by 2020, areas with very high ESV per unit area had largely disappeared. The development of construction land in urban process and the reduction of coastal wetland ecosystem are the main reasons for the change of ESV in Shanghai coastal zone. This study can provide scientific basis and decision support to guide the environmental management of coastal zone as well as sustainable development in Shanghai.