To have a comprehensive understanding towards the current status of ecosystem of five backbone artificial rivers of the Huangpu River in Shanghai， the fish biological integrity index （F-IBI） evaluation method was adopted to evaluate the health of water ecosystem of the artificial rivers. Professional fishing boats were rented to collect the sample fishes at 20 sections of the five rivers in June （summer） and November （autumn） of 2021， and 10 092 fish specimens were obtained， belonging to 8 orders， 17 families， 45 genera and 60 species. Taking the upper stream of the Huangpu River as the reference point， 29 primary indicators in five categories were initially set. In accordance with distribution range screening， judgement screening capability and correlation test， the F-IBI evaluation system composed of 8 indicators was constructed. The results show that Jinhui Port and Longquan Port are in state of “Good” or “Average”； there are significance spatial differences in Dazhi River， Chuanyang River and Dianpu River， ranging from “Poor” to “Good”. In summer， there were 14 sampling points in status of “Average”， and 3 sampling points were in status of “Good” or “Poor” respectively； in autumn， there were 11 sampling points in status of “Average”， 5 sampling points were in state status of “Good” and 4 sampling sites were in status “Poor”. The health of the downstream of the five artificial rivers is basically better than that of the upstream， but generally it is more uniform than that of Suzhou River， the natural tributary of the Huangpu River flowing through the central urban area of Shanghai. These results provided the reference for the environmental management of the five backbone artificial rivers of the Huangpu River in Shanghai.