In order to elucidate the effects of fishing ban strategies in different lakes on population dynamics and niche overlap of three cultrinae fishes, Xiliang Lake, a complete fishing ban strategy lake, and Futou Lake, a seasonal fishing ban strategy lake, were selected as the study sites. Three cultrinae fishes Culter alburnus, Culter dabryi and Cultrichthys erythropterus were studied. The dynamic parameters of fish population such as quantity per unit effort, biomass per unit effort, total length, body weight and relative fatness were analyzed. The food sources and contribution rates of three cultrinae fishes were analyzed using stable isotope technique, and the spatio-temporal niche breadth, trophic niche breadth and overlap indices of three cultrinae fishes in lakes with different fishing ban strategies were compared. The results showed as follows: The biomass per unit effort of three cultrinae fishes in the complete fishing ban strategy lake was significantly higher than that of the seasonal fishing ban strategy lake, and their total length distribution range was wider than that of the seasonal fishing ban strategy lake;In the seasonal fishing ban strategy lake, the temporal-spatial niche of three cultrinae fishes overlapped significantly; In the lake that complete fishing ban strategy, three species of cultrinae had wider trophic niche breadth. The results provide scientific basis for the improvement of the fishing ban strategies and the sustainable utilization of fishery resources in the key waters of the Yangtze River basin.