China plays an increasingly important role in the international distant water fishery， and the distant sea squid fishing is an important part of China's distant water fishery. Studying the international competitiveness of China's distant sea squid fishing is conducive to the sustainable development of China's distant sea fishery. Taking China's ocean squid fishing as an example， this paper uses the trade data between China and major countries in the world from 2000 to 2020， adopts the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the CMS model， and analyzes the trade structure and related main influencing factors of our country's ocean squid fishing products. The results show that in recent years， the United States， Japan and South Korea are the main import and export countries of China's squid products， and China's trade in frozen squid products with the United States， Japan and South Korea is in a surplus state. According to the calculation results of the model， the trade of China's distant-water squid fishing is divided into three stages： 2000-2008， 2009-2018， and 2019-2020. On the whole， the export market of our country's ocean squid fishing products is stable and can adapt to the adjustment and changes of the product structure in the international market， but there are also problems in the unbalanced import market， strong dependence on external market demand and showing a downward trend， and insufficient product competitiveness. Therefore， this paper puts forward suggestions for improving the development of our country's distant-water squid fishing from three aspects： optimizing the market structure， establishing an information platform， and revitalizing resource endowments， so as to improve the international competitiveness of China's distant-water fishery.