The photovoltaic fishery breeding mode is a new environmental protection mode that combines pond aquaculture and photovoltaic power generation. The differences in basic nutrition composition, sensory evaluation, and taste quality in the meat of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) between the common pond breeding mode and photovoltaic fishery breeding mode were compared in this study. The free amino acids and taste nucleotides in meat were determined, and the taste activity value was calculated. Taste activity value (TAV) and equivalent umami concentration (EUC) were associated with artificial and electronic senses to comprehensively analyze the taste quality. The results showed that the crude protein and crude lipid contents in meat of female crabs in group PM were significantly higher than those in group CM (P<0.05), but there were no differences in male crabs. The meat of female crab in group PM had strong umami and sweet taste intensity, while the meat of male crab in group CM had strong saltiness and umami taste intensity. The contents of total free amino acids and sweet free amino acids in group PM were significantly higher than those in group CM (P<0.05). The EUC in the meat of Chinese mitten crab in group PM was higher than that in group CM. The photovoltaic fishery breeding mode can make the enable of Chinese mitten crab to have better nutrition and umami and sweet taste.