The spatial and temporal distribution of soil enzymes and their influencing factors were studied in the east wetland of Nanhui, Shanghai in 2019. Based on the differences in the spatial distribution of vegetation, the differences and influencing factors of soil enzymes in four different regions, including the Scirpus mariqueter area, Spartina alterniflora area, the mixed vegetation area of Spartina alterniflora area and Scirpus mariqueter area, and the area of bare tidal flats, were studied. The results are as follows: In the Dongtan wetland of Nanhui, the activities of different soil enzymes varied among different vegetation types, and the order of urease activity was Scirpus mariqueter area > bare beach area > Spartina alterniflora area > mixed area, the order of soil invertase activity was Scirpus mariqueter area > Spartina alterniflora area > mixed area > bare beach area, the order of alkaline phosphatase activity was bare beach area > Scirpus mariqueter area > mixed area > Spartina alterniflora area, and the order of catalase activity was mixed area > Scirpus mariqueter area > Spartina alterniflora area > bare beach area; The activities of urease and invertase in the mixed vegetation area were lower than those in the single vegetation area, and the invasion of Spartina alterniflora reduced the activities of urease and invertase, thereby reducing the soil fertility of the Dongtan wetland of Scirpus mariqueter; The activities of soil enzymes in different vegetation types were influenced by different environmental factors, and the vegetation type determined the soil fertility, which in turn affected the enzyme activity.