The neon flying squid (O. bartramii) is a short-lived species which is an important fishing and development target in the Northwest Pacific. In this paper, we used the grey correlation clustering method to cluster catch per unit effort (CPUE) of neon flying squid from May to December,1998-2017, and analyzed the effects of El Niño and La Niña events with different intensities and environmental factors on CPUE. The results show that the CPUE difference between the annual latitude groups and the annual longitude groups is more obvious. The monthly latitude groups are more seasonal than the monthly latitude groups. The groups with strong La Niña and weak La Niña events are significant. The higher CPUE of the annual latitude groups, the higher the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and the lower the chlorophyll a concentration anomaly (CHLA). The studies have shown that abnormal weather events of different intensities have different effects on CPUE in neon flying squid. Strong La Niña events can increase CPUE of neon flying squid, weak La Niña events can slightly reduce CPUE, and El Niño events above moderate intensity can cause CPUE to decrease significantly.