In order to investigate whether there are any losses in nutrition or a decrease in flavor and quality of female E. sinensis after overwintering, female E. sinensis was reared for 105 days in 3 cages embedded in a pond recirculating aquaculture system. By comparing the general nutrition indices, proximate composition, fatty acids, free amino acids, nucleotides and volatile flavors of E. sinensis before and after overwintering cultivation, it is found that there was no weight loss in the total edible tissues and that E. sinensis was in stable growth during the overwintering cultivation. Interestingly, it is found that after 105 days of overwintering cultivation, the total content of free amino acids decreased(P<0.05), while the ratio of essential amino acids to free amino acids increased significantly(P<0.05), and the ratio of non-essential amino acids to free amino acids decreased significantly(P<0.05), the ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids increased significantly(P<0.05). After overwintering cultivation, moreover, adenosine (AMP) and inosinic acid increased significantly(P<0.05), while hypoxanthine and inosine decreased significantly(P<0.05), Although crude fat, C22:1 and C22:4 contents in edible tissues and ovaries were significantly decreased, polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as C20:2(eicosadienoic acid),C20:4(arachidonic acid)and C20:5(eicosapentaenoic acid), were significantly increased(P<0.05), Meanwhile, the PUFA/SFA ratio increased significantly, which indicated that although the nutrition of E. sinensis has been lost to a certain extent after overwintering cultivation, its quality and edible flavor have been improved to some extent. After overwintering cultivation, main volatile substances in edible tissues were 1-octene-3-ol, furfural, hexanal and 2-pentylfuran, indicating a relatively good volatile flavor. The above results indicated that the nutrition of E. sinensis will be lost to a certain extent after overwintering cultivation, and the quality and edible flavor have been improved. The results provide some references for the overwintering cultivation of E. sinensis.