To investigate the oxidative stress response and physiological metabolic changes of Sinonovacula constricta under acute temperature stress, and to evaluate the ability of S.constricta to adapt to climate change, S.constricta after holding and purification were divided into 7 groups, which were subjected to temperature stress at 4 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃ (CK), 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃ under water bath. After 6 hours, it slowly returned to the control temperature (20 ℃).The changes of superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity, catalase activity total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde content, reduced glutathione content, hydrogen peroxide content of gill and digestive gland of S.constricta were measured in each group. The results showed that the group at 4 ℃, 10 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃ showed significant changes after 6 h of stress; compared with the low temperature stress, SOD, POD, MDA, GSH and other indicators all had more significant changes under the temperature stress of the high temperature; after the temperature was restored at 24 h, the indexes of the low temperature group at 4 ℃ and the high temperature group at 35 ℃ could not be restored to the levels of the control group. Studies have shown that both low temperature and high temperature stresses cause an imbalance of the antioxidant system in the tissue, resulting in a significant change in the active oxygen content; SOD, CAT, POD and GSH play different roles in the body’s response to oxidative damage caused by temperature stress; and when the extreme environmental temperature changes beyond the tolerance limit of the tissue, reaching the lethal temperature, the imbalance of the body’s antioxidant regulation system will cause irreversible oxidative damage and affect its normal physiological activities.